This data set includes rainfall data from 25 sites in Iowa, centered on the Iowa City Municipal Airport. The collection sites form an approximately regular grid with spacing of 5 km. At each site there are two tipping bucket rain gauges. Data were collected between June 2002 and November 2003. The network is a collaborative effort between NASA, NOAA, the University of Maryland, and the University of Iowa. The experiment was designed to validate the AMSR-E rainfall measurements.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 4 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to rainfall experiments are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E precipitation data.
This data set includes rainfall data from 25 sites in Iowa, centered on the Iowa City Municipal Airport. The collection sites form an approximately regular grid with spacing of 5 km. At each site there are two tipping bucket rain gauges. Data were collected between June 2002 and November 2003. The network is a collaborative effort between NASA, NOAA, the University of Maryland, and the University of Iowa. The experiment was designed to validate the AMSR-E rainfall measurements.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 4 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to rainfall experiments are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E precipitation data.
This data set includes rainfall data from 25 sites in Iowa, centered on the Iowa City Municipal Airport. The collection sites form an approximately regular grid with spacing of 5 km. At each site there are two tipping bucket rain gauges. Data were collected between June 2002 and November 2003. The network is a collaborative effort between NASA, NOAA, the University of Maryland, and the University of Iowa. The experiment was designed to validate the AMSR-E rainfall measurements.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 4 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to rainfall experiments are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E precipitation data.
This data set contains enhanced-resolution brightness temperatures produced using the Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) algorithm developed by the Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (MERS) group at Brigham Young University (BYU). Enhanced-resolution brightness temperature images for the Arctic and Antarctic were generated using antenna temperature data from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) instrument. SSM/I images are available for 1995 through 2008, and AMSR-E images are available for 2002 through 2010. All available measurements for a single day are averaged into twice-daily gridded files for three different equal-area spatial coverages: Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, and full global. The spatial resolution is 12.5 km for SSM/I channels 19 and 22 GHz, 7.5 km for 37 GHz, and 2.5 km for the 85 GHz channel. For AMSR-E, the resolution is 12.5 km for the 6, 10, 18, and 23 GHz channels; 7.5 km for the 36 GHz channel; and 2.5 km for the 89 GHz channel. Software for reading the SIR-formatted SSM/I and AMSR-E data is also available. As scatterometer and radiometer data complement each other, these enhanced-resolution radiometer data, together with SIR format scatterometer data available from BYU, will facilitate polar research that combines information from both radiometers and scatterometers. Data are stored as scaled 2-byte integers in binary arrays with a 512-byte header and are available via FTP.
This data set contains enhanced-resolution brightness temperatures produced using the Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) algorithm developed by the Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (MERS) group at Brigham Young University (BYU). Enhanced-resolution brightness temperature images for the Arctic and Antarctic were generated using antenna temperature data from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) instrument. SSM/I images are available for 1995 through 2008, and AMSR-E images are available for 2002 through 2010. All available measurements for a single day are averaged into twice-daily gridded files for three different equal-area spatial coverages: Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, and full global. The spatial resolution is 12.5 km for SSM/I channels 19 and 22 GHz, 7.5 km for 37 GHz, and 2.5 km for the 85 GHz channel. For AMSR-E, the resolution is 12.5 km for the 6, 10, 18, and 23 GHz channels; 7.5 km for the 36 GHz channel; and 2.5 km for the 89 GHz channel. Software for reading the SIR-formatted SSM/I and AMSR-E data is also available. As scatterometer and radiometer data complement each other, these enhanced-resolution radiometer data, together with SIR format scatterometer data available from BYU, will facilitate polar research that combines information from both radiometers and scatterometers. Data are stored as scaled 2-byte integers in binary arrays with a 512-byte header and are available via FTP.
This data set contains enhanced-resolution brightness temperatures produced using the Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) algorithm developed by the Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (MERS) group at Brigham Young University (BYU). Enhanced-resolution brightness temperature images for the Arctic and Antarctic were generated using antenna temperature data from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) instrument. SSM/I images are available for 1995 through 2008, and AMSR-E images are available for 2002 through 2010. All available measurements for a single day are averaged into twice-daily gridded files for three different equal-area spatial coverages: Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, and full global. The spatial resolution is 12.5 km for SSM/I channels 19 and 22 GHz, 7.5 km for 37 GHz, and 2.5 km for the 85 GHz channel. For AMSR-E, the resolution is 12.5 km for the 6, 10, 18, and 23 GHz channels; 7.5 km for the 36 GHz channel; and 2.5 km for the 89 GHz channel. Software for reading the SIR-formatted SSM/I and AMSR-E data is also available. As scatterometer and radiometer data complement each other, these enhanced-resolution radiometer data, together with SIR format scatterometer data available from BYU, will facilitate polar research that combines information from both radiometers and scatterometers. Data are stored as scaled 2-byte integers in binary arrays with a 512-byte header and are available via FTP.
The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument on the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) provides global measurements of elevation, and repeats measurements along nearly-identical tracks; its primary mission is to measure changes in ice volume (mass balance) over time. This digital elevation model (DEM) of Antarctica is derived from GLAS/ICESat laser altimetry profile data and provides new surface elevation grids of the ice sheets and coastal areas, with greater latitudinal extent and fewer slope-related effects than radar altimetry.

This DEM is generated from the first seven operational periods (from February 2003 through June 2005) of the GLAS instrument. It is provided on polar stereographic grids at 500 m grid spacing. The grid covers all of Antarctica north of 86° S. Elevations are reported as centimeters above the datums, relative to both the WGS 84 ellipsoid and the EGM96 geoid, in two separate elevation data files. A data quality map of the interpolation distance is distributed in addition to the elevation data. ENVI header files are also provided.

The data are in 4-byte (long) signed integer binary files (big endian byte order) and are available via FTP.
The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument on the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) provides global measurements of elevation, and repeats measurements along nearly-identical tracks; its primary mission is to measure changes in ice volume (mass balance) over time. This digital elevation model (DEM) of Antarctica is derived from GLAS/ICESat laser altimetry profile data and provides new surface elevation grids of the ice sheets and coastal areas, with greater latitudinal extent and fewer slope-related effects than radar altimetry.

This DEM is generated from the first seven operational periods (from February 2003 through June 2005) of the GLAS instrument. It is provided on polar stereographic grids at 500 m grid spacing. The grid covers all of Antarctica north of 86° S. Elevations are reported as centimeters above the datums, relative to both the WGS 84 ellipsoid and the EGM96 geoid, in two separate elevation data files. A data quality map of the interpolation distance is distributed in addition to the elevation data. ENVI header files are also provided.

The data are in 4-byte (long) signed integer binary files (big endian byte order) and are available via FTP.
The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument on the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) provides global measurements of elevation, and repeats measurements along nearly-identical tracks; its primary mission is to measure changes in ice volume (mass balance) over time. This digital elevation model (DEM) of Antarctica is derived from GLAS/ICESat laser altimetry profile data and provides new surface elevation grids of the ice sheets and coastal areas, with greater latitudinal extent and fewer slope-related effects than radar altimetry.

This DEM is generated from the first seven operational periods (from February 2003 through June 2005) of the GLAS instrument. It is provided on polar stereographic grids at 500 m grid spacing. The grid covers all of Antarctica north of 86° S. Elevations are reported as centimeters above the datums, relative to both the WGS 84 ellipsoid and the EGM96 geoid, in two separate elevation data files. A data quality map of the interpolation distance is distributed in addition to the elevation data. ENVI header files are also provided.

The data are in 4-byte (long) signed integer binary files (big endian byte order) and are available via FTP.
Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) is an international project with the goal of surveying a majority of the world's estimated 160,000 glaciers. GLIMS uses data collected primarily by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument aboard the Terra satellite and the LANDSAT Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), along with historical observations.  

The GLIMS project is currently creating a unique glacier inventory, storing information about the extent and rates of change of all the world's glacial resources. GLIMS consists of many institutions called Regional Centers, who produce glacier analyses for their particular region. The GLIMS Glacier Database provides students, educators, scientists, and the public with reliable glacier data from these analyses. New glacier data are continually being added to the database.

The GLIMS Glacier Viewer Web Mapping Service (WMS) was developed to provide the public with easy access to the GLIMS Glacier Database. This WMS allows users to view and query several thematic layers, including glacier outlines, ASTER footprints, Regional Center locations, and the World Glacier Inventory. Query results can be downloaded into a number of GIS-compatible formats, including ESRI Shapefiles, MapInfo tables, and Geographic Mark-up Language (GML).

Please note, the citation below is a general citation for the entire GLIMS data collection. If you download data, please use the appropriate citation(s) listed in the file called 'CITATIONS_nnnn.txt' (where nnnn is a number) for the specific GLIMS data you use.
Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) is an international project with the goal of surveying a majority of the world's estimated 160,000 glaciers. GLIMS uses data collected primarily by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument aboard the Terra satellite and the LANDSAT Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), along with historical observations.  

The GLIMS project is currently creating a unique glacier inventory, storing information about the extent and rates of change of all the world's glacial resources. GLIMS consists of many institutions called Regional Centers, who produce glacier analyses for their particular region. The GLIMS Glacier Database provides students, educators, scientists, and the public with reliable glacier data from these analyses. New glacier data are continually being added to the database.

The GLIMS Glacier Viewer Web Mapping Service (WMS) was developed to provide the public with easy access to the GLIMS Glacier Database. This WMS allows users to view and query several thematic layers, including glacier outlines, ASTER footprints, Regional Center locations, and the World Glacier Inventory. Query results can be downloaded into a number of GIS-compatible formats, including ESRI Shapefiles, MapInfo tables, and Geographic Mark-up Language (GML).

Please note, the citation below is a general citation for the entire GLIMS data collection. If you download data, please use the appropriate citation(s) listed in the file called 'CITATIONS_nnnn.txt' (where nnnn is a number) for the specific GLIMS data you use.
Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) is an international project with the goal of surveying a majority of the world's estimated 160,000 glaciers. GLIMS uses data collected primarily by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument aboard the Terra satellite and the LANDSAT Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), along with historical observations.  

The GLIMS project is currently creating a unique glacier inventory, storing information about the extent and rates of change of all the world's glacial resources. GLIMS consists of many institutions called Regional Centers, who produce glacier analyses for their particular region. The GLIMS Glacier Database provides students, educators, scientists, and the public with reliable glacier data from these analyses. New glacier data are continually being added to the database.

The GLIMS Glacier Viewer Web Mapping Service (WMS) was developed to provide the public with easy access to the GLIMS Glacier Database. This WMS allows users to view and query several thematic layers, including glacier outlines, ASTER footprints, Regional Center locations, and the World Glacier Inventory. Query results can be downloaded into a number of GIS-compatible formats, including ESRI Shapefiles, MapInfo tables, and Geographic Mark-up Language (GML).

Please note, the citation below is a general citation for the entire GLIMS data collection. If you download data, please use the appropriate citation(s) listed in the file called 'CITATIONS_nnnn.txt' (where nnnn is a number) for the specific GLIMS data you use.
This data set comprises global, 8-day Snow-Covered Area (SCA) and Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) data from 2000 through 2008. Global SWE data are derived from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and are enhanced with MODIS/Terra Snow Cover 8-Day Level 3 Global 0.05 degree Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) data. Global data are gridded to the Northern and Southern 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grids (EASE-Grids). These data are suitable for continental-scale time-series studies of snow cover and snow water equivalent. The data are in netCDF data files and PNG browse image files available via FTP.
This data set comprises global, 8-day Snow-Covered Area (SCA) and Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) data from 2000 through 2008. Global SWE data are derived from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and are enhanced with MODIS/Terra Snow Cover 8-Day Level 3 Global 0.05 degree Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) data. Global data are gridded to the Northern and Southern 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grids (EASE-Grids). These data are suitable for continental-scale time-series studies of snow cover and snow water equivalent. The data are in netCDF data files and PNG browse image files available via FTP.
This data set comprises global, 8-day Snow-Covered Area (SCA) and Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) data from 2000 through 2008. Global SWE data are derived from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and are enhanced with MODIS/Terra Snow Cover 8-Day Level 3 Global 0.05 degree Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) data. Global data are gridded to the Northern and Southern 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grids (EASE-Grids). These data are suitable for continental-scale time-series studies of snow cover and snow water equivalent. The data are in netCDF data files and PNG browse image files available via FTP.
This data set comprises global, monthly satellite-derived Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) climatologies from November 1978 through May 2007, with periodic updates released as resources permit. Global data are gridded to the Northern and Southern 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grids (EASE-Grids). Global snow water equivalent is derived from Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and selected Special Sensor Microwave/Imagers (SSM/I). Northern Hemisphere data are enhanced with snow cover frequencies derived from the Northern Hemisphere EASE-Grid Weekly Snow Cover and Sea Ice Extent Version 2 data (these data were not produced for the Southern Hemisphere). These data are suitable for continental-scale time-series studies of snow cover and water equivalent. The data are binary data files and PNG images, and are available via FTP.
This data set comprises global, monthly satellite-derived Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) climatologies from November 1978 through May 2007, with periodic updates released as resources permit. Global data are gridded to the Northern and Southern 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grids (EASE-Grids). Global snow water equivalent is derived from Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and selected Special Sensor Microwave/Imagers (SSM/I). Northern Hemisphere data are enhanced with snow cover frequencies derived from the Northern Hemisphere EASE-Grid Weekly Snow Cover and Sea Ice Extent Version 2 data (these data were not produced for the Southern Hemisphere). These data are suitable for continental-scale time-series studies of snow cover and water equivalent. The data are binary data files and PNG images, and are available via FTP.
This data set comprises global, monthly satellite-derived Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) climatologies from November 1978 through May 2007, with periodic updates released as resources permit. Global data are gridded to the Northern and Southern 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grids (EASE-Grids). Global snow water equivalent is derived from Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and selected Special Sensor Microwave/Imagers (SSM/I). Northern Hemisphere data are enhanced with snow cover frequencies derived from the Northern Hemisphere EASE-Grid Weekly Snow Cover and Sea Ice Extent Version 2 data (these data were not produced for the Southern Hemisphere). These data are suitable for continental-scale time-series studies of snow cover and water equivalent. The data are binary data files and PNG images, and are available via FTP.
A Digital Elevation Model (DEM), ice thickness grid, and bedrock elevation grid of Greenland acquired as part of the PARCA program are available in ASCII text format at a 5 km grid spacing in a polar stereographic projection. DEM data are a combination of ERS-1 and Geosat satellite radar altimetry data, Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) data, and photogrammetric digital height data. Ice thickness data are based on approximately 700,000 data points collected in the 1990s from a University of Kansas airborne ice penetrating radar (IPR). Nearly 30,000 data points were collected in the 1970s from a Technical University of Denmark (TUD) airborne echo sounder. Bamber subtracted the ice thickness grid from the DEM to produce a grid of bedrock elevation values. Applications include studies of gravitational driving stress and ice volume (mass balance) of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Each of the three grids is approximately 1.5 MB. Data are available via FTP. Data access is unrestricted, but we recommend that users register with us. Registered users automatically receive e-mail notification of product updates and changes to processing.
A Digital Elevation Model (DEM), ice thickness grid, and bedrock elevation grid of Greenland acquired as part of the PARCA program are available in ASCII text format at a 5 km grid spacing in a polar stereographic projection. DEM data are a combination of ERS-1 and Geosat satellite radar altimetry data, Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) data, and photogrammetric digital height data. Ice thickness data are based on approximately 700,000 data points collected in the 1990s from a University of Kansas airborne ice penetrating radar (IPR). Nearly 30,000 data points were collected in the 1970s from a Technical University of Denmark (TUD) airborne echo sounder. Bamber subtracted the ice thickness grid from the DEM to produce a grid of bedrock elevation values. Applications include studies of gravitational driving stress and ice volume (mass balance) of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Each of the three grids is approximately 1.5 MB. Data are available via FTP. Data access is unrestricted, but we recommend that users register with us. Registered users automatically receive e-mail notification of product updates and changes to processing.
A Digital Elevation Model (DEM), ice thickness grid, and bedrock elevation grid of Greenland acquired as part of the PARCA program are available in ASCII text format at a 5 km grid spacing in a polar stereographic projection. DEM data are a combination of ERS-1 and Geosat satellite radar altimetry data, Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) data, and photogrammetric digital height data. Ice thickness data are based on approximately 700,000 data points collected in the 1990s from a University of Kansas airborne ice penetrating radar (IPR). Nearly 30,000 data points were collected in the 1970s from a Technical University of Denmark (TUD) airborne echo sounder. Bamber subtracted the ice thickness grid from the DEM to produce a grid of bedrock elevation values. Applications include studies of gravitational driving stress and ice volume (mass balance) of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Each of the three grids is approximately 1.5 MB. Data are available via FTP. Data access is unrestricted, but we recommend that users register with us. Registered users automatically receive e-mail notification of product updates and changes to processing.
The Greenland ice sheet melt extent data, acquired as part of the NASA Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment (PARCA), is a daily (or every other day, prior to August 1987) estimate of the spatial extent of wet snow on the Greenland ice sheet since 1979. It is derived from passive microwave satellite brightness temperature characteristics using the Cross-Polarized Gradient Ratio (XPGR) of Abdalati and Steffen (1997). It is physically based on the changes in microwave emission characteristics observable in data from the Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instruments when surface snow melts. It is not a direct measure of the snow wetness but rather is a binary indicator of the state of melt of each SMMR and SSM/I pixel on the ice sheet for each day of observation. It is, however, a useful proxy for the amount of melt that occurs on the Greenland ice sheet. The data are provided in a variety of formats including raw data in ASCII format, gridded daily data in binary format, and annual and complete time series climatologies in gridded binary and GeoTIFF format. All data are in a 60 x 109 pixel subset of the standard Northern Hemisphere polar stereographic grid with a 25 km resolution and are available via FTP.
The Greenland ice sheet melt extent data, acquired as part of the NASA Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment (PARCA), is a daily (or every other day, prior to August 1987) estimate of the spatial extent of wet snow on the Greenland ice sheet since 1979. It is derived from passive microwave satellite brightness temperature characteristics using the Cross-Polarized Gradient Ratio (XPGR) of Abdalati and Steffen (1997). It is physically based on the changes in microwave emission characteristics observable in data from the Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instruments when surface snow melts. It is not a direct measure of the snow wetness but rather is a binary indicator of the state of melt of each SMMR and SSM/I pixel on the ice sheet for each day of observation. It is, however, a useful proxy for the amount of melt that occurs on the Greenland ice sheet. The data are provided in a variety of formats including raw data in ASCII format, gridded daily data in binary format, and annual and complete time series climatologies in gridded binary and GeoTIFF format. All data are in a 60 x 109 pixel subset of the standard Northern Hemisphere polar stereographic grid with a 25 km resolution and are available via FTP.
The Greenland ice sheet melt extent data, acquired as part of the NASA Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment (PARCA), is a daily (or every other day, prior to August 1987) estimate of the spatial extent of wet snow on the Greenland ice sheet since 1979. It is derived from passive microwave satellite brightness temperature characteristics using the Cross-Polarized Gradient Ratio (XPGR) of Abdalati and Steffen (1997). It is physically based on the changes in microwave emission characteristics observable in data from the Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instruments when surface snow melts. It is not a direct measure of the snow wetness but rather is a binary indicator of the state of melt of each SMMR and SSM/I pixel on the ice sheet for each day of observation. It is, however, a useful proxy for the amount of melt that occurs on the Greenland ice sheet. The data are provided in a variety of formats including raw data in ASCII format, gridded daily data in binary format, and annual and complete time series climatologies in gridded binary and GeoTIFF format. All data are in a 60 x 109 pixel subset of the standard Northern Hemisphere polar stereographic grid with a 25 km resolution and are available via FTP.
This product consists of meteorological data from 105 Arctic weather stations and 137 Antarctic stations, extracted from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)'s Integrated Surface Hourly (ISH) database. Variables include wind direction, wind speed, visibility, air temperature, dew point temperature, and sea level pressure. Temporal coverage varies by station, with the earliest record in 1913 and the latest in 2002. Data are in tab-delimited ASCII text format, with one file per station and year. Graphs of meteorological variables throughout the time series accompany the ASCII data. Data are available via FTP.
This product consists of meteorological data from 105 Arctic weather stations and 137 Antarctic stations, extracted from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)'s Integrated Surface Hourly (ISH) database. Variables include wind direction, wind speed, visibility, air temperature, dew point temperature, and sea level pressure. Temporal coverage varies by station, with the earliest record in 1913 and the latest in 2002. Data are in tab-delimited ASCII text format, with one file per station and year. Graphs of meteorological variables throughout the time series accompany the ASCII data. Data are available via FTP.
This product consists of meteorological data from 105 Arctic weather stations and 137 Antarctic stations, extracted from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)'s Integrated Surface Hourly (ISH) database. Variables include wind direction, wind speed, visibility, air temperature, dew point temperature, and sea level pressure. Temporal coverage varies by station, with the earliest record in 1913 and the latest in 2002. Data are in tab-delimited ASCII text format, with one file per station and year. Graphs of meteorological variables throughout the time series accompany the ASCII data. Data are available via FTP.
The HSDSD product is based on observations from 284 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) stations throughout Russia and the former Soviet Union. The area covered is 35 to 75 degrees north latitude and 20 to 180 degrees east longitude. The State Hydrometeorological Service in Obninsk, Russia, sent the data to NSIDC through the bilateral US-USSR Working Group Eight data exchange program.

The development of this data product was funded through NOAA's Environmental Services Data and Information Management (ESDIM) program, and through the support of the NOAA/NESDIS National Geophysical Data Center. Data are available on one CD-ROM available for download via FTP.
The HSDSD product is based on observations from 284 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) stations throughout Russia and the former Soviet Union. The area covered is 35 to 75 degrees north latitude and 20 to 180 degrees east longitude. The State Hydrometeorological Service in Obninsk, Russia, sent the data to NSIDC through the bilateral US-USSR Working Group Eight data exchange program.

The development of this data product was funded through NOAA's Environmental Services Data and Information Management (ESDIM) program, and through the support of the NOAA/NESDIS National Geophysical Data Center. Data are available on one CD-ROM available for download via FTP.
The HSDSD product is based on observations from 284 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) stations throughout Russia and the former Soviet Union. The area covered is 35 to 75 degrees north latitude and 20 to 180 degrees east longitude. The State Hydrometeorological Service in Obninsk, Russia, sent the data to NSIDC through the bilateral US-USSR Working Group Eight data exchange program.

The development of this data product was funded through NOAA's Environmental Services Data and Information Management (ESDIM) program, and through the support of the NOAA/NESDIS National Geophysical Data Center. Data are available on one CD-ROM available for download via FTP.
The Hydrologic Outlets of the Greenland Ice Sheet data set contains GIS point shapefiles that include 891 observed and potential hydrologic outlets of the Greenland Ice Sheet, as identified by Lewis and Smith (2009), using satellite imagery. There are 460 observed hydrologic outlets that include proglacial streams and rivers emerging from the ice sheet (length scale >1 km), proglacial lakes touching the ice edge or clearly connected to it via streams or rivers (length scale >3 km), and sediment-rich plumes exiting tidewater glaciers into fjords. Also, there are 431 potential hydrologic outlets that include point locations with release of meltwater from fjords without obvious sediment discharge, as well as locations where the ice sheet directly connects to the ocean that cannot be proven to release meltwater.

Meltwater features along the entire edge of the ice sheet were mapped via photo interpretation of GoogleEarth and Landsat ETM+ 15 m panchromatic data. The exact acquisition dates of the imagery are not available; however, owing to the light and relatively snow-free conditions seen in the GoogleEarth and Landsat images, it is presumed that they were taken during the summer season. Neither Landsat or GoogleEarth images were available for a section of ice sheet within the northern Tunu region; therefore, that region was excluded from the study. This excluded area represents approximately 0.9 percent of the ice sheet perimeter. Data are available via FTP, and can be read in any GIS software. The following journal article provides documentation for this data set: Lewis, Sarah and Laurence Smith. 2009. Hydrologic Drainage of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Hydrological Processes doi: 10.1002/hyp.7343. This journal article can be accessed from the Documentation link at the top of this Web page.
The Hydrologic Outlets of the Greenland Ice Sheet data set contains GIS point shapefiles that include 891 observed and potential hydrologic outlets of the Greenland Ice Sheet, as identified by Lewis and Smith (2009), using satellite imagery. There are 460 observed hydrologic outlets that include proglacial streams and rivers emerging from the ice sheet (length scale >1 km), proglacial lakes touching the ice edge or clearly connected to it via streams or rivers (length scale >3 km), and sediment-rich plumes exiting tidewater glaciers into fjords. Also, there are 431 potential hydrologic outlets that include point locations with release of meltwater from fjords without obvious sediment discharge, as well as locations where the ice sheet directly connects to the ocean that cannot be proven to release meltwater.

Meltwater features along the entire edge of the ice sheet were mapped via photo interpretation of GoogleEarth and Landsat ETM+ 15 m panchromatic data. The exact acquisition dates of the imagery are not available; however, owing to the light and relatively snow-free conditions seen in the GoogleEarth and Landsat images, it is presumed that they were taken during the summer season. Neither Landsat or GoogleEarth images were available for a section of ice sheet within the northern Tunu region; therefore, that region was excluded from the study. This excluded area represents approximately 0.9 percent of the ice sheet perimeter. Data are available via FTP, and can be read in any GIS software. The following journal article provides documentation for this data set: Lewis, Sarah and Laurence Smith. 2009. Hydrologic Drainage of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Hydrological Processes doi: 10.1002/hyp.7343. This journal article can be accessed from the Documentation link at the top of this Web page.
The Hydrologic Outlets of the Greenland Ice Sheet data set contains GIS point shapefiles that include 891 observed and potential hydrologic outlets of the Greenland Ice Sheet, as identified by Lewis and Smith (2009), using satellite imagery. There are 460 observed hydrologic outlets that include proglacial streams and rivers emerging from the ice sheet (length scale >1 km), proglacial lakes touching the ice edge or clearly connected to it via streams or rivers (length scale >3 km), and sediment-rich plumes exiting tidewater glaciers into fjords. Also, there are 431 potential hydrologic outlets that include point locations with release of meltwater from fjords without obvious sediment discharge, as well as locations where the ice sheet directly connects to the ocean that cannot be proven to release meltwater.

Meltwater features along the entire edge of the ice sheet were mapped via photo interpretation of GoogleEarth and Landsat ETM+ 15 m panchromatic data. The exact acquisition dates of the imagery are not available; however, owing to the light and relatively snow-free conditions seen in the GoogleEarth and Landsat images, it is presumed that they were taken during the summer season. Neither Landsat or GoogleEarth images were available for a section of ice sheet within the northern Tunu region; therefore, that region was excluded from the study. This excluded area represents approximately 0.9 percent of the ice sheet perimeter. Data are available via FTP, and can be read in any GIS software. The following journal article provides documentation for this data set: Lewis, Sarah and Laurence Smith. 2009. Hydrologic Drainage of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Hydrological Processes doi: 10.1002/hyp.7343. This journal article can be accessed from the Documentation link at the top of this Web page.
The Hydrologic Sub-basins of Greenland data set contains Geographic Information System (GIS) polygon shapefiles that include 293 hydrologic sub-basins of the Greenland Ice Sheet, as created by Lewis and Smith (2009). Five km Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of ice-surface and bedrock topography (Bamber et al. 2001) were used to estimate the hydraulic potentiometric surface for Greenland, which accounts for the effects of ice overburden pressure, such as hydrostatic pressure, surface topography, and underlying bedrock topography (Paterson 1994). Using the 5 km potentiometric grid, a modeled basin network for Greenland's ice sheet was created using the hydrological tools within ESRI ArcGIS (ArcInfo 9.2). Although the GIS initially generated more than 293 basins, basins less than 100 km2 in size, as well as basins located completely outside of the ice sheet extent, were removed from the data set. Data are available via FTP, and can be read in any GIS software. The following journal article provides documentation for this data set: Lewis, Sarah and Laurence Smith. 2009. Hydrologic Drainage of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Hydrological Processes DOI: 10.1002/hyp.7343. This journal article can be accessed from the Documentation link at the top of this Web page.
The Hydrologic Sub-basins of Greenland data set contains Geographic Information System (GIS) polygon shapefiles that include 293 hydrologic sub-basins of the Greenland Ice Sheet, as created by Lewis and Smith (2009). Five km Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of ice-surface and bedrock topography (Bamber et al. 2001) were used to estimate the hydraulic potentiometric surface for Greenland, which accounts for the effects of ice overburden pressure, such as hydrostatic pressure, surface topography, and underlying bedrock topography (Paterson 1994). Using the 5 km potentiometric grid, a modeled basin network for Greenland's ice sheet was created using the hydrological tools within ESRI ArcGIS (ArcInfo 9.2). Although the GIS initially generated more than 293 basins, basins less than 100 km2 in size, as well as basins located completely outside of the ice sheet extent, were removed from the data set. Data are available via FTP, and can be read in any GIS software. The following journal article provides documentation for this data set: Lewis, Sarah and Laurence Smith. 2009. Hydrologic Drainage of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Hydrological Processes DOI: 10.1002/hyp.7343. This journal article can be accessed from the Documentation link at the top of this Web page.
The Hydrologic Sub-basins of Greenland data set contains Geographic Information System (GIS) polygon shapefiles that include 293 hydrologic sub-basins of the Greenland Ice Sheet, as created by Lewis and Smith (2009). Five km Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of ice-surface and bedrock topography (Bamber et al. 2001) were used to estimate the hydraulic potentiometric surface for Greenland, which accounts for the effects of ice overburden pressure, such as hydrostatic pressure, surface topography, and underlying bedrock topography (Paterson 1994). Using the 5 km potentiometric grid, a modeled basin network for Greenland's ice sheet was created using the hydrological tools within ESRI ArcGIS (ArcInfo 9.2). Although the GIS initially generated more than 293 basins, basins less than 100 km2 in size, as well as basins located completely outside of the ice sheet extent, were removed from the data set. Data are available via FTP, and can be read in any GIS software. The following journal article provides documentation for this data set: Lewis, Sarah and Laurence Smith. 2009. Hydrologic Drainage of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Hydrological Processes DOI: 10.1002/hyp.7343. This journal article can be accessed from the Documentation link at the top of this Web page.
This data set contains radar echograms taken over Greenland and Antarctica using the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) Accumulation Radar instrument. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains radar echograms taken over Greenland using the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) Accumulation Radar instrument. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains radar echograms taken over Greenland using the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) Accumulation Radar instrument. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
The NASA IceBridge ATM L0 Raw Ranges (ILATM0) data set contains raw elevation range measurements using the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrumentation. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, are stored in binary format, and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 October 2009 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge ATM L0 Raw Ranges (ILATM0) data set contains raw elevation range measurements using the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrumentation. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, are stored in binary format, and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 October 2009 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge ATM L0 Raw Ranges (ILATM0) data set contains raw elevation range measurements using the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrumentation. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, are stored in binary format, and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 October 2009 to the present.
The IceBridge Atmospheric Chemistry L1B Data set (ICHEM1B) contains measurements acquired over Antarctica using the AVOCET differential Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) gas analyzer instrument, the airborne Differential Absorption CO Measurement (DACOM) instrument, the Diode Laser Hygrometer (DLH) instrument, and the airborne Whole Air Sampler (WAS).  The data set contains measurements for CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, H<sub>2</sub>O(v) and Whole Air Samples. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, and are stored in International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) data format and are available from 12 October 2009 to 24 November 2009.
The IceBridge Atmospheric Chemistry L1B Data set (ICHEM1B) contains measurements acquired over Antarctica using the AVOCET differential Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) gas analyzer instrument, the airborne Differential Absorption CO Measurement (DACOM) instrument, the Diode Laser Hygrometer (DLH) instrument, and the airborne Whole Air Sampler (WAS).  The data set contains measurements for CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, H<sub>2</sub>O(v) and Whole Air Samples. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, and are stored in International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) data format and are available from 12 October 2009 to 24 November 2009.
The IceBridge Atmospheric Chemistry L1B Data set (ICHEM1B) contains measurements acquired over Antarctica using the AVOCET differential Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) gas analyzer instrument, the airborne Differential Absorption CO Measurement (DACOM) instrument, the Diode Laser Hygrometer (DLH) instrument, and the airborne Whole Air Sampler (WAS).  The data set contains measurements for CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, H<sub>2</sub>O(v) and Whole Air Samples. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, and are stored in International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) data format and are available from 12 October 2009 to 24 November 2009.
The NASA IceBridge BGM-3 Gravimeter L0 Raw Accelerations (IGBGM0) data set contains gravity measurements taken over Antarctica using the BGM-3 Gravimeter instrument. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge BGM-3 Gravimeter L0 Raw Accelerations (IGBGM0) data set contains gravity measurements taken over Antarctica using the BGM-3 Gravimeter instrument. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge BGM-3 Gravimeter L0 Raw Accelerations (IGBGM0) data set contains gravity measurements taken over Antarctica using the BGM-3 Gravimeter instrument. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
This data set contains free air anomalies measurements taken over Antarctica using the BGM-3 Gravimeter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.
This data set contains free air anomalies measurements taken over Antarctica using the BGM-3 Gravimeter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.
This data set contains free air anomalies measurements taken over Antarctica using the BGM-3 Gravimeter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.
This data set contains Continuous Airborne Mapping By Optical Translator (CAMBOT) images taken over Antarctica and Greenland. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains Continuous Airborne Mapping By Optical Translator (CAMBOT) images taken over Antarctica and Greenland. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains Continuous Airborne Mapping By Optical Translator (CAMBOT) images taken over Antarctica and Greenland. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains level zero imagery taken from the Digital Mapping System (DMS) over Antarctica and Greenland. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.
This data set contains level zero imagery taken from the Digital Mapping System (DMS) over Antarctica and Greenland. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.
This data set contains level zero imagery taken from the Digital Mapping System (DMS) over Antarctica and Greenland. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.
The IceBridge DMS L3 Photogrammetric DEM (IODMS3) data set contains gridded digital elevation models and orthorectified images of Greenland derived from the Digital Mapping System (DMS). The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns and are stored in GeoTIFF files.  Also included are image index shapefiles. The data are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 23 March 2011 to the present.
The IceBridge DMS L3 Photogrammetric DEM (IODMS3) data set contains gridded digital elevation models and orthorectified images of Greenland derived from the Digital Mapping System (DMS). The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns and are stored in GeoTIFF files.  Also included are image index shapefiles. The data are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 23 March 2011 to the present.
The IceBridge DMS L3 Photogrammetric DEM (IODMS3) data set contains gridded digital elevation models and orthorectified images of Greenland derived from the Digital Mapping System (DMS). The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns and are stored in GeoTIFF files.  Also included are image index shapefiles. The data are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 23 March 2011 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge Flux Gate Magnetometer L0 Raw Magnetic Field (IMFGM0) data set contains magnetic field readings taken over Antarctica using the Integrity Instruments 232M3ADLE and the FGM-301/99 Fluxgate Magnetometer. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Flux Gate Magnetometer L0 Raw Magnetic Field (IMFGM0) data set contains magnetic field readings taken over Antarctica using the Integrity Instruments 232M3ADLE and the FGM-301/99 Fluxgate Magnetometer. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Flux Gate Magnetometer L0 Raw Magnetic Field (IMFGM0) data set contains magnetic field readings taken over Antarctica using the Integrity Instruments 232M3ADLE and the FGM-301/99 Fluxgate Magnetometer. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer L0 Raw Magnetic Field (IMGEO0) data set contains magnetic field readings taken over Antarctica using the Geometrics 823 Sensor/Magnetometer. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer L0 Raw Magnetic Field (IMGEO0) data set contains magnetic field readings taken over Antarctica using the Geometrics 823 Sensor/Magnetometer. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer L0 Raw Magnetic Field (IMGEO0) data set contains magnetic field readings taken over Antarctica using the Geometrics 823 Sensor/Magnetometer. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer L1B Time-Tagged Magnetic Field (IMGEO1B) data set contains magnetic field strength measurements taken over Antarctica using the Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer.The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 November 2009 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer L1B Time-Tagged Magnetic Field (IMGEO1B) data set contains magnetic field strength measurements taken over Antarctica using the Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer.The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 November 2009 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer L1B Time-Tagged Magnetic Field (IMGEO1B) data set contains magnetic field strength measurements taken over Antarctica using the Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer.The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 November 2009 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer L2 Geolocated Magnetic Anomalies (IMGEO2) data set contains magnetic anomaly measurements taken over Antarctica using the Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 November 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer L2 Geolocated Magnetic Anomalies (IMGEO2) data set contains magnetic anomaly measurements taken over Antarctica using the Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 November 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer L2 Geolocated Magnetic Anomalies (IMGEO2) data set contains magnetic anomaly measurements taken over Antarctica using the Geometrics 823A Cesium Magnetometer.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 November 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge GPS L0 Raw Satellite Navigation Data (IPUTG0) data set contains GPS readings, including latitude, longitude, track, ground speed, off distance, Positional Dilution of Precision (PDOP), GPS height, easting, northing and time taken over Antarctica using the Trimble Trimflite differential GPS Navigation System.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge GPS L0 Raw Satellite Navigation Data (IPUTG0) data set contains GPS readings, including latitude, longitude, track, ground speed, off distance, Positional Dilution of Precision (PDOP), GPS height, easting, northing and time taken over Antarctica using the Trimble Trimflite differential GPS Navigation System.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge GPS L0 Raw Satellite Navigation Data (IPUTG0) data set contains GPS readings, including latitude, longitude, track, ground speed, off distance, Positional Dilution of Precision (PDOP), GPS height, easting, northing and time taken over Antarctica using the Trimble Trimflite differential GPS Navigation System.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
This data set contains elevation, roll, pitch, and heading measurements over Antarctica using the Ashtech GG24 GPS+ receiver and the Systron and Donner MMQ-50 Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.
This data set contains elevation, roll, pitch, and heading measurements over Antarctica using the Ashtech GG24 GPS+ receiver and the Systron and Donner MMQ-50 Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.
This data set contains elevation, roll, pitch, and heading measurements over Antarctica using the Ashtech GG24 GPS+ receiver and the Systron and Donner MMQ-50 Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.
The NASA IceBridge GPS/IMU L1B Primary Position and Attitude Solution (IPUTG1B) data set contains elevation, roll, pitch, heading, north-south acceleration, east-west acceleration, and vertical acceleration measurements over Antarctica using the Systron and Donner MMQ-50 Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and the Topcon GB-1000 GPS+ receiver. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 12 December 2010 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge GPS/IMU L1B Primary Position and Attitude Solution (IPUTG1B) data set contains elevation, roll, pitch, heading, north-south acceleration, east-west acceleration, and vertical acceleration measurements over Antarctica using the Systron and Donner MMQ-50 Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and the Topcon GB-1000 GPS+ receiver. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 12 December 2010 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge GPS/IMU L1B Primary Position and Attitude Solution (IPUTG1B) data set contains elevation, roll, pitch, heading, north-south acceleration, east-west acceleration, and vertical acceleration measurements over Antarctica using the Systron and Donner MMQ-50 Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and the Topcon GB-1000 GPS+ receiver. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 12 December 2010 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge HiCARS 1 Level-0 Raw Return Energy Amplitudes data set contains radar sounder measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS) Version 1 instrument. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.  Data files are stored in binary format and ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge HiCARS 1 Level-0 Raw Return Energy Amplitudes data set contains radar sounder measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS) Version 1 instrument. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.  Data files are stored in binary format and ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge HiCARS 1 Level-0 Raw Return Energy Amplitudes data set contains radar sounder measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS) Version 1 instrument. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.  Data files are stored in binary format and ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge HiCARS 1 Level-2 Geolocated Ice Thickness (IR1HI2) data set contains Ice Thickness, Surface Elevations, and Bed Elevation measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS) instrument.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 November 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge HiCARS 1 Level-2 Geolocated Ice Thickness (IR1HI2) data set contains Ice Thickness, Surface Elevations, and Bed Elevation measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS) instrument.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 November 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge HiCARS 1 Level-2 Geolocated Ice Thickness (IR1HI2) data set contains Ice Thickness, Surface Elevations, and Bed Elevation measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS) instrument.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 November 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge HiCARS 2 Level-0 Raw Return Energy Amplitudes (IR2HI0) data set contains radar sounder measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS)  Version 2 instrument.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.  Data files  are stored in binary format and ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge HiCARS 2 Level-0 Raw Return Energy Amplitudes (IR2HI0) data set contains radar sounder measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS)  Version 2 instrument.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.  Data files  are stored in binary format and ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge HiCARS 2 Level-0 Raw Return Energy Amplitudes (IR2HI0) data set contains radar sounder measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS)  Version 2 instrument.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.  Data files  are stored in binary format and ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
This data set contains ice thickness measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS) instrument. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.
This data set contains ice thickness measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS) instrument. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.
This data set contains ice thickness measurements taken over Antarctica using the Hi-Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS) instrument. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.
The NASA IceBridge IMU L0 Raw Inertial Measurement Unit Data (IPUTI0) data set contains Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) readings, including latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, pitch, roll, and true heading, taken over Antarctica using the Systron Donner Inertial MMQ-G inertial measurement unit.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge IMU L0 Raw Inertial Measurement Unit Data (IPUTI0) data set contains Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) readings, including latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, pitch, roll, and true heading, taken over Antarctica using the Systron Donner Inertial MMQ-G inertial measurement unit.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge IMU L0 Raw Inertial Measurement Unit Data (IPUTI0) data set contains Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) readings, including latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, pitch, roll, and true heading, taken over Antarctica using the Systron Donner Inertial MMQ-G inertial measurement unit.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
This data set contains elevation and surface measurements over Greenland, the Arctic, and Antarctica, as well as flight path charts and echogram images acquired using the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) Ku-Band Radar Altimeter.
This data set contains elevation and surface measurements over Greenland, the Arctic, and Antarctica, as well as flight path charts and echogram images acquired using the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) Ku-Band Radar Altimeter.
This data set contains elevation and surface measurements over Greenland, the Arctic, and Antarctica, as well as flight path charts and echogram images acquired using the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) Ku-Band Radar Altimeter.
The NASA IceBridge L0 Raw Kinematics GPS Time Codes (ITKTC0) data set contains time codes generated during flights over Antarctica using the TrueTime 705-101 GPS Time Code Generator. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge L0 Raw Kinematics GPS Time Codes (ITKTC0) data set contains time codes generated during flights over Antarctica using the TrueTime 705-101 GPS Time Code Generator. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge L0 Raw Kinematics GPS Time Codes (ITKTC0) data set contains time codes generated during flights over Antarctica using the TrueTime 705-101 GPS Time Code Generator. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
This data set contains raw laser altimeter, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Global Positioning System (GPS), and camera data over Greenland, Antarctica, and Alaska taken from the NASA Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS). The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains raw laser altimeter, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Global Positioning System (GPS), and camera data over Greenland and Antarctica taken from the NASA Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS). The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains raw laser altimeter, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Global Positioning System (GPS), and camera data over Greenland and Antarctica taken from the NASA Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS). The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
The IceBridge LVIS POS/AV L1B Corrected Position and Attitude Data (IPPLV1B) data set  contains georeferencing data from the Applanix 510 and 610 POS AV systems flown with the Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS) over Greenland and  Antarctica.  Data parameters include latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, roll, pitch, and heading.  The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns, are stored in binary format, and are available via FTP  for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 07 October 2011 to the present.
The IceBridge LVIS POS/AV L1B Corrected Position and Attitude Data (IPPLV1B) data set  contains georeferencing data from the Applanix 510 and 610 POS AV systems flown with the Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS) over Greenland and  Antarctica.  Data parameters include latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, roll, pitch, and heading.  The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns, are stored in binary format, and are available via FTP  for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 07 October 2011 to the present.
The IceBridge LVIS POS/AV L1B Corrected Position and Attitude Data (IPPLV1B) data set  contains georeferencing data from the Applanix 510 and 610 POS AV systems flown with the Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS) over Greenland and  Antarctica.  Data parameters include latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, roll, pitch, and heading.  The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns, are stored in binary format, and are available via FTP  for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 07 October 2011 to the present.
This data set contains radar echograms taken from the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) ultra Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) over land and sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.
This data set contains radar echograms taken from the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) ultra Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) over land and sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.
This data set contains radar echograms taken from the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) ultra Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) over land and sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.
This data set contains products from depth sounder measurements over Greenland and Antarctica taken from the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS). The data were collected as part of NASA Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains products from depth sounder measurements over Greenland and Antarctica taken from the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS). The data were collected as part of NASA Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains products from depth sounder measurements over Greenland and Antarctica taken from the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS). The data were collected as part of NASA Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
The IceBridge NCAR Navigation, State Parameter, and Microphysics LRT Data (IANCR1B) data set contains multiple atmospheric measurements over Antarctica including pressure, temperature, humidity, and winds from NSF/NCAR Research Aviation Facility (RAF) Gulfstream-V aircraft flights. This data set contains the Low-Rate (LRT) one sample per second production data. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, are stored in netCDF format, and are available from 04 October 2011 to 03 November 2011.
The IceBridge NCAR Navigation, State Parameter, and Microphysics LRT Data (IANCR1B) data set contains multiple atmospheric measurements over Antarctica including pressure, temperature, humidity, and winds from NSF/NCAR Research Aviation Facility (RAF) Gulfstream-V aircraft flights. This data set contains the Low-Rate (LRT) one sample per second production data. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, are stored in netCDF format, and are available from 04 October 2011 to 03 November 2011.
The IceBridge NCAR Navigation, State Parameter, and Microphysics LRT Data (IANCR1B) data set contains multiple atmospheric measurements over Antarctica including pressure, temperature, humidity, and winds from NSF/NCAR Research Aviation Facility (RAF) Gulfstream-V aircraft flights. This data set contains the Low-Rate (LRT) one sample per second production data. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, are stored in netCDF format, and are available from 04 October 2011 to 03 November 2011.
The IceBridge National Suborbital Education & Research Center (NSERC) L1B Geolocated Meteorologic and Surface Temperature (IAMET1B) data set is a collection of airborne in-flight meteorological and in-cabin measurements, and thermal emission measurements of near-nadir surface skin temperature.  Instruments flown over Antarctica include cabin pressure transducer, 3-stage hygrometer, 2-stage hygrometer, total air temperature sensor, and infrared surface temperature pyrometer.  The data files contain measurements for 36 meteorological, surface characteristic, and positional variables. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns, and are stored in Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (ICARTT) comma separated format, and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 12 October 2009 to the present via FTP.
The IceBridge National Suborbital Education & Research Center (NSERC) L1B Geolocated Meteorologic and Surface Temperature (IAMET1B) data set is a collection of airborne in-flight meteorological and in-cabin measurements, and thermal emission measurements of near-nadir surface skin temperature.  Instruments flown over Antarctica include cabin pressure transducer, 3-stage hygrometer, 2-stage hygrometer, total air temperature sensor, and infrared surface temperature pyrometer.  The data files contain measurements for 36 meteorological, surface characteristic, and positional variables. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns, and are stored in Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (ICARTT) comma separated format, and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 12 October 2009 to the present via FTP.
The IceBridge National Suborbital Education & Research Center (NSERC) L1B Geolocated Meteorologic and Surface Temperature (IAMET1B) data set is a collection of airborne in-flight meteorological and in-cabin measurements, and thermal emission measurements of near-nadir surface skin temperature.  Instruments flown over Antarctica include cabin pressure transducer, 3-stage hygrometer, 2-stage hygrometer, total air temperature sensor, and infrared surface temperature pyrometer.  The data files contain measurements for 36 meteorological, surface characteristic, and positional variables. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns, and are stored in Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (ICARTT) comma separated format, and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 12 October 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Paroscientific S-1000 L1B Pressure Altimeter Time-Tagged Air Pressure (IAPRS1B) data set contains static pressure values for Antarctica using the Paroscientific S-1000 Digiquartz Transmitter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 November 2009 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge Paroscientific S-1000 L1B Pressure Altimeter Time-Tagged Air Pressure (IAPRS1B) data set contains static pressure values for Antarctica using the Paroscientific S-1000 Digiquartz Transmitter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 November 2009 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge Paroscientific S-1000 L1B Pressure Altimeter Time-Tagged Air Pressure (IAPRS1B) data set contains static pressure values for Antarctica using the Paroscientific S-1000 Digiquartz Transmitter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 16 November 2009 to the present.
The IceBridge POS/AV L1B Corrected Position and Attitude (IPAPP1B) data set contains georeferencing data from the Applanix 510 POS AV system flown with the Digital Mapping System (DMS) and other instruments over Greenland and Antarctica.  Data parameters include latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, roll, pitch, and heading.  The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns, and are stored in binary format, and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 27 March 2009 to the present via FTP.
The IceBridge POS/AV L1B Corrected Position and Attitude (IPAPP1B) data set contains georeferencing data from the Applanix 510 POS AV system flown with the Digital Mapping System (DMS) and other instruments over Greenland and Antarctica.  Data parameters include latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, roll, pitch, and heading.  The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns, and are stored in binary format, and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 27 March 2009 to the present via FTP.
The IceBridge POS/AV L1B Corrected Position and Attitude (IPAPP1B) data set contains georeferencing data from the Applanix 510 POS AV system flown with the Digital Mapping System (DMS) and other instruments over Greenland and Antarctica.  Data parameters include latitude, longitude, altitude, velocity, roll, pitch, and heading.  The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns, and are stored in binary format, and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 27 March 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Riegl Laser Altimeter L0 Raw Ranges (ILUTP0) data set contains range to surface measurements taken over Antarctica using the Riegl LD90-3800-HiP-LR Distance Meter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Riegl Laser Altimeter L0 Raw Ranges (ILUTP0) data set contains range to surface measurements taken over Antarctica using the Riegl LD90-3800-HiP-LR Distance Meter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Riegl Laser Altimeter L0 Raw Ranges (ILUTP0) data set contains range to surface measurements taken over Antarctica using the Riegl LD90-3800-HiP-LR Distance Meter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Riegl Laser Altimeter L1B Time-Tagged Laser Ranges (ILUTP1B) data set contains laser ranges, returned pulses, and deviation for returned pulses in Antarctica and Greenland using the Riegl Laser Altimeter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 09 November 2009 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge Riegl Laser Altimeter L1B Time-Tagged Laser Ranges (ILUTP1B) data set contains laser ranges, returned pulses, and deviation for returned pulses in Antarctica and Greenland using the Riegl Laser Altimeter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 09 November 2009 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge Riegl Laser Altimeter L1B Time-Tagged Laser Ranges (ILUTP1B) data set contains laser ranges, returned pulses, and deviation for returned pulses in Antarctica and Greenland using the Riegl Laser Altimeter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 09 November 2009 to the present.
The IceBridge Riegl Laser Altimeter L2 Geolocated Surface Elevation Triplets (ILUTP2) data set contains surface range values for Antarctica and Greenland derived from measurements captured using the Riegl Laser Altimeter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 18 November 2010 to the present.
The IceBridge Riegl Laser Altimeter L2 Geolocated Surface Elevation Triplets (ILUTP2) data set contains surface range values for Antarctica and Greenland derived from measurements captured using the Riegl Laser Altimeter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 18 November 2010 to the present.
The IceBridge Riegl Laser Altimeter L2 Geolocated Surface Elevation Triplets (ILUTP2) data set contains surface range values for Antarctica and Greenland derived from measurements captured using the Riegl Laser Altimeter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 18 November 2010 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge Sander AIRGrav L3 Bathymetry (IGBTH3) data set contains bathymetry of Antarctic ice shelves based on measurements from the Sander Geophysics Airborne Inertially Referenced Gravimeter (AIRGrav) system.  The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, and are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Sander AIRGrav L3 Bathymetry (IGBTH3) data set contains bathymetry of Antarctic ice shelves based on measurements from the Sander Geophysics Airborne Inertially Referenced Gravimeter (AIRGrav) system.  The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, and are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Sander AIRGrav L3 Bathymetry (IGBTH3) data set contains bathymetry of Antarctic ice shelves based on measurements from the Sander Geophysics Airborne Inertially Referenced Gravimeter (AIRGrav) system.  The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, and are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer L0 Raw Magnetic Field data set contains magnetic field readings and fluxgate values taken over Greenland using the Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, and are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2011 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer L0 Raw Magnetic Field data set contains magnetic field readings and fluxgate values taken over Greenland using the Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, and are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2011 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer L0 Raw Magnetic Field data set contains magnetic field readings and fluxgate values taken over Greenland using the Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns, and are stored in ASCII text format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2011 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer L1B Geolocated Magnetic Anomalies (IMCS31B) data set contains magnetic field readings taken over Antarctica using the Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer instrument. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.
The NASA IceBridge Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer L1B Geolocated Magnetic Anomalies (IMCS31B) data set contains magnetic field readings taken over Antarctica using the Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer instrument. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.
The NASA IceBridge Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer L1B Geolocated Magnetic Anomalies (IMCS31B) data set contains magnetic field readings taken over Antarctica using the Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer instrument. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.
The NASA IceBridge Sigma Space Lidar L0 Raw Time-of-Flight Data (ILSIG0) contain raw time-of-flight values for Antarctica and Greenland using the Sigma Space Lidar. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in binary format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 25 November 2010 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge Sigma Space Lidar L0 Raw Time-of-Flight Data (ILSIG0) contain raw time-of-flight values for Antarctica and Greenland using the Sigma Space Lidar. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in binary format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 25 November 2010 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge Sigma Space Lidar L0 Raw Time-of-Flight Data (ILSIG0) contain raw time-of-flight values for Antarctica and Greenland using the Sigma Space Lidar. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in binary format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 25 November 2010 to the present.
The NASA IceBridge Sigma Space Prototype L0 Raw Time-of-Flight Data set (ILSSP0) contains time-of-flight data captured over Antarctica using the Sigma Space Photon Counting Lidar Prototype instrument.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in binary format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Sigma Space Prototype L0 Raw Time-of-Flight Data set (ILSSP0) contains time-of-flight data captured over Antarctica using the Sigma Space Photon Counting Lidar Prototype instrument.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in binary format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
The NASA IceBridge Sigma Space Prototype L0 Raw Time-of-Flight Data set (ILSSP0) contains time-of-flight data captured over Antarctica using the Sigma Space Photon Counting Lidar Prototype instrument.  The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in binary format and are available for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 2009 to the present via FTP.
This data set contains radar echograms taken from the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) ultra wide-band snow radar over land and sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains radar echograms taken from the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) ultra wide-band snow radar over land and sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains radar echograms taken from the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) ultra wide-band snow radar over land and sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) positioning and orientation measurements for the University of Alaska Fairbanks Glacier LIDAR system campaigns. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.
This data set contains Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) positioning and orientation measurements for the University of Alaska Fairbanks Glacier LIDAR system campaigns. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.
This data set contains Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) positioning and orientation measurements for the University of Alaska Fairbanks Glacier LIDAR system campaigns. The data were collected as part of Operation IceBridge funded aircraft survey campaigns.
This data set contains contains scanning laser altimetry data points of Alaska Glaciers acquired using the airborne University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Glacier Lidar system. The data were collected as part of NASA Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains contains scanning laser altimetry data points of Alaska Glaciers acquired using the airborne University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Glacier Lidar system. The data were collected as part of NASA Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
This data set contains contains scanning laser altimetry data points of Alaska Glaciers acquired using the airborne University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Glacier Lidar system. The data were collected as part of NASA Operation IceBridge funded campaigns.
The IceBridge ZLS Dynamic Gravity Meter Time-Registered L1B Vertical Accelerations (IGZLS1B) data set contains vertical, cross body, and along body acceleration values for Antarctica using the ZLS Dynamic Gravity Meter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 28 November 2011 to the present.
The IceBridge ZLS Dynamic Gravity Meter Time-Registered L1B Vertical Accelerations (IGZLS1B) data set contains vertical, cross body, and along body acceleration values for Antarctica using the ZLS Dynamic Gravity Meter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 28 November 2011 to the present.
The IceBridge ZLS Dynamic Gravity Meter Time-Registered L1B Vertical Accelerations (IGZLS1B) data set contains vertical, cross body, and along body acceleration values for Antarctica using the ZLS Dynamic Gravity Meter. The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge. The data are stored in ASCII text format and are available via FTP for periodic, ongoing campaigns from 28 November 2011 to the present.
Recent changes in the extent and stability of ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula prompted NSIDC to begin a monitoring program using data from the AVHRR Polar 1 km Data Set. NSIDC regularly reviews images of those ice shelves considered susceptible to rapid change due to climatic warming, and of several other major shelves that occasionally calve major icebergs.

The images in this site represent a selected subset of the available scenes, generally the clearest and most informative scenes available. The scenes are derived from either the AVHRR visible (vis) or thermal (temp) channels, enhanced by combining two channels using principal components processing. In the thermal images, bright areas are colder areas.  A few additional scenes from other sensors (MODIS, Landsat) are included to provide some supplemental information on ice shelf structure and events.

If you wish to save an image, you can do so through the 'Save image as' option of the browser's pop-up menu. For more information contact NSIDC User Services.
Recent changes in the extent and stability of ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula prompted NSIDC to begin a monitoring program using data from the AVHRR Polar 1 km Data Set. NSIDC regularly reviews images of those ice shelves considered susceptible to rapid change due to climatic warming, and of several other major shelves that occasionally calve major icebergs.

The images in this site represent a selected subset of the available scenes, generally the clearest and most informative scenes available. The scenes are derived from either the AVHRR visible (vis) or thermal (temp) channels, enhanced by combining two channels using principal components processing. In the thermal images, bright areas are colder areas.  A few additional scenes from other sensors (MODIS, Landsat) are included to provide some supplemental information on ice shelf structure and events.

If you wish to save an image, you can do so through the 'Save image as' option of the browser's pop-up menu. For more information contact NSIDC User Services.
Recent changes in the extent and stability of ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula prompted NSIDC to begin a monitoring program using data from the AVHRR Polar 1 km Data Set. NSIDC regularly reviews images of those ice shelves considered susceptible to rapid change due to climatic warming, and of several other major shelves that occasionally calve major icebergs.

The images in this site represent a selected subset of the available scenes, generally the clearest and most informative scenes available. The scenes are derived from either the AVHRR visible (vis) or thermal (temp) channels, enhanced by combining two channels using principal components processing. In the thermal images, bright areas are colder areas.  A few additional scenes from other sensors (MODIS, Landsat) are included to provide some supplemental information on ice shelf structure and events.

If you wish to save an image, you can do so through the 'Save image as' option of the browser's pop-up menu. For more information contact NSIDC User Services.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, provides 17 years of comprehensive high-resolution mapping of grounding lines in Antarctica, derived using differential satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) data from the Earth Remote Sensing Satellites 1 and 2 (ERS-1 and ERS-2), RADARSAT-1, RADARSAT-2, and the Advanced Land Observing System Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) for years 1994 to 2009. Parameters include latitude, longitude, sensor, and up to four orbits and respective dates. 

Data are available via FTP in ASCII text (.txt) format.

Note. These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed from this documentation.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, provides 17 years of comprehensive high-resolution mapping of grounding lines in Antarctica, derived using differential satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) data from the Earth Remote Sensing Satellites 1 and 2 (ERS-1 and ERS-2), RADARSAT-1, RADARSAT-2, and the Advanced Land Observing System Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) for years 1994 to 2009. Parameters include latitude, longitude, sensor, and up to four orbits and respective dates. 

Data are available via FTP in ASCII text (.txt) format.

Note. These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed from this documentation.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, provides 17 years of comprehensive high-resolution mapping of grounding lines in Antarctica, derived using differential satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) data from the Earth Remote Sensing Satellites 1 and 2 (ERS-1 and ERS-2), RADARSAT-1, RADARSAT-2, and the Advanced Land Observing System Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) for years 1994 to 2009. Parameters include latitude, longitude, sensor, and up to four orbits and respective dates. 

Data are available via FTP in ASCII text (.txt) format.

Note. These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed from this documentation.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, provides a daily record of Arctic sea ice characteristics for the years 1979 through 2012 derived from passive microwave brightness temperatures. Characteristics include  the location of sea ice cover, sea ice age, day of melt onset, and status of melt onset. Data are gridded in the 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid) 2.0 and provided as netCDF files.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, provides a daily record of Arctic sea ice characteristics for the years 1979 through 2012 derived from passive microwave brightness temperatures. Characteristics include  the location of sea ice cover, sea ice age, day of melt onset, and status of melt onset. Data are gridded in the 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid) 2.0 and provided as netCDF files.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, provides a daily record of Arctic sea ice characteristics for the years 1979 through 2012 derived from passive microwave brightness temperatures. Characteristics include  the location of sea ice cover, sea ice age, day of melt onset, and status of melt onset. Data are gridded in the 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid) 2.0 and provided as netCDF files.
The MEaSUREs Global Record of Daily Landscape Freeze/Thaw Status, Version 01 data set is derived from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite series using the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). The parameters in this data set include AM freeze thaw, PM freeze thaw, combined freeze thaw, transitional freeze thaw, and inverse transitional freeze thaw states of water. The data set presents global coverage from morning, afternoon, and daily combined  overpasses from 01 January 1988 to 31 December 2007. The data set is available through FTP and contains files in the HDF5, PNG, and GIF formats. These data were generated through a grant from the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program.

Note: These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data has been reviewed, this statement will be removed from this documentation.
The MEaSUREs Global Record of Daily Landscape Freeze/Thaw Status, Version 01 data set is derived from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite series using the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). The parameters in this data set include AM freeze thaw, PM freeze thaw, combined freeze thaw, transitional freeze thaw, and inverse transitional freeze thaw states of water. The data set presents global coverage from morning, afternoon, and daily combined  overpasses from 01 January 1988 to 31 December 2007. The data set is available through FTP and contains files in the HDF5, PNG, and GIF formats. These data were generated through a grant from the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program.

Note: These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data has been reviewed, this statement will be removed from this documentation.
The MEaSUREs Global Record of Daily Landscape Freeze/Thaw Status, Version 01 data set is derived from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite series using the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). The parameters in this data set include AM freeze thaw, PM freeze thaw, combined freeze thaw, transitional freeze thaw, and inverse transitional freeze thaw states of water. The data set presents global coverage from morning, afternoon, and daily combined  overpasses from 01 January 1988 to 31 December 2007. The data set is available through FTP and contains files in the HDF5, PNG, and GIF formats. These data were generated through a grant from the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program.

Note: These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data has been reviewed, this statement will be removed from this documentation.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, provides annual ice-sheet-wide velocity maps for Greenland, derived using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data from the RADARSAT-1 satellite. The data set currently contains ice velocity data for the winter of 2000-2001 and 2005-2006, 2006-2007, and 2007-2008 acquired from RADARSAT-1 InSAR data from the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF), and a 2008-2009 mosaic derived from the Advanced Land Observation Satelitte (ALOS) and TerraSAR-X data. 

Data are available via FTP, in 4-byte big-endian Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) floating point and GeoTIFF (.tif) formats.

<strong>Note</strong>: Although this data set has been screened for anomalously large errors, at this stage they are Version 1 products and some significant errors may persist (>20 m/yr). In addition, these data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, provides annual ice-sheet-wide velocity maps for Greenland, derived using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data from the RADARSAT-1 satellite. The data set currently contains ice velocity data for the winter of 2000-2001 and 2005-2006, 2006-2007, and 2007-2008 acquired from RADARSAT-1 InSAR data from the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF), and a 2008-2009 mosaic derived from the Advanced Land Observation Satelitte (ALOS) and TerraSAR-X data. 

Data are available via FTP, in 4-byte big-endian Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) floating point and GeoTIFF (.tif) formats.

<strong>Note</strong>: Although this data set has been screened for anomalously large errors, at this stage they are Version 1 products and some significant errors may persist (>20 m/yr). In addition, these data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, provides annual ice-sheet-wide velocity maps for Greenland, derived using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data from the RADARSAT-1 satellite. The data set currently contains ice velocity data for the winter of 2000-2001 and 2005-2006, 2006-2007, and 2007-2008 acquired from RADARSAT-1 InSAR data from the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF), and a 2008-2009 mosaic derived from the Advanced Land Observation Satelitte (ALOS) and TerraSAR-X data. 

Data are available via FTP, in 4-byte big-endian Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) floating point and GeoTIFF (.tif) formats.

<strong>Note</strong>: Although this data set has been screened for anomalously large errors, at this stage they are Version 1 products and some significant errors may persist (>20 m/yr). In addition, these data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed.
This data set is part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program. This data set provides maps of glacier outlet areas, some of which have shown profound velocity changes over the MEaSUREs observation period from 2000 to 2012. The data are provided in addition to the ice-sheet-wide data from the related data set, MEaSUREs Greenland Ice Sheet Velocity Map from InSAR Data (NSIDC-0478: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0478.html). The InSAR Selected Glacier Site Velocity Maps are produced from TerraSAR-X (TSX) image pairs collected between January 2009 and December 2012.

Data are available via FTP, in 4-byte Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) floating point format.

Note: These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed from this documentation.
This data set is part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program. This data set provides maps of glacier outlet areas, some of which have shown profound velocity changes over the MEaSUREs observation period from 2000 to 2012. The data are provided in addition to the ice-sheet-wide data from the related data set, MEaSUREs Greenland Ice Sheet Velocity Map from InSAR Data (NSIDC-0478: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0478.html). The InSAR Selected Glacier Site Velocity Maps are produced from TerraSAR-X (TSX) image pairs collected between January 2009 and December 2012.

Data are available via FTP, in 4-byte Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) floating point format.

Note: These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed from this documentation.
This data set is part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program. This data set provides maps of glacier outlet areas, some of which have shown profound velocity changes over the MEaSUREs observation period from 2000 to 2012. The data are provided in addition to the ice-sheet-wide data from the related data set, MEaSUREs Greenland Ice Sheet Velocity Map from InSAR Data (NSIDC-0478: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0478.html). The InSAR Selected Glacier Site Velocity Maps are produced from TerraSAR-X (TSX) image pairs collected between January 2009 and December 2012.

Data are available via FTP, in 4-byte Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) floating point format.

Note: These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed from this documentation.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, provides the first comprehensive, high-resolution, digital mosaics of ice motion in Antarctica assembled from multiple satellite interferometric synthetic-aperture radar data. Data were acquired during the International Polar Year 2007 to 2009. 

These maps were built from spring 2009 data from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA)'s and MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (MDA)'s RADARSAT-2, spring 2007-2008-2009 data from European Space Agency (ESA)'s Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR), and fall 2007-2008 data from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)'s Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), complemented by patches of CSA's RADARSAT-1 data from fall 2000 and ESA's Earth Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and -2 data from spring 1996. Each radar instrument contributes its unique coverage and performance level. The final mosaics assemble 900 satellite tracks and more than 3,000 orbits of radar data. Data acquisitions between 2006 and 2011 are courtesy of the IPY Space Task Group. 

Data are available via FTP at 450 m and 900 m spacings, in both binary format (.dat) with an ENVI text header (.txt) and NetCDF.

Note. These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed from this documentation.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, provides the first comprehensive, high-resolution, digital mosaics of ice motion in Antarctica assembled from multiple satellite interferometric synthetic-aperture radar data. Data were acquired during the International Polar Year 2007 to 2009. 

These maps were built from spring 2009 data from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA)'s and MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (MDA)'s RADARSAT-2, spring 2007-2008-2009 data from European Space Agency (ESA)'s Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR), and fall 2007-2008 data from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)'s Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), complemented by patches of CSA's RADARSAT-1 data from fall 2000 and ESA's Earth Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and -2 data from spring 1996. Each radar instrument contributes its unique coverage and performance level. The final mosaics assemble 900 satellite tracks and more than 3,000 orbits of radar data. Data acquisitions between 2006 and 2011 are courtesy of the IPY Space Task Group. 

Data are available via FTP at 450 m and 900 m spacings, in both binary format (.dat) with an ENVI text header (.txt) and NetCDF.

Note. These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed from this documentation.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, provides the first comprehensive, high-resolution, digital mosaics of ice motion in Antarctica assembled from multiple satellite interferometric synthetic-aperture radar data. Data were acquired during the International Polar Year 2007 to 2009. 

These maps were built from spring 2009 data from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA)'s and MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (MDA)'s RADARSAT-2, spring 2007-2008-2009 data from European Space Agency (ESA)'s Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR), and fall 2007-2008 data from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)'s Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), complemented by patches of CSA's RADARSAT-1 data from fall 2000 and ESA's Earth Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and -2 data from spring 1996. Each radar instrument contributes its unique coverage and performance level. The final mosaics assemble 900 satellite tracks and more than 3,000 orbits of radar data. Data acquisitions between 2006 and 2011 are courtesy of the IPY Space Task Group. 

Data are available via FTP at 450 m and 900 m spacings, in both binary format (.dat) with an ENVI text header (.txt) and NetCDF.

Note. These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed from this documentation.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, consists of two high-resolution digital mosaics of ice motion in Central Antarctica. The mosaics were assembled from satellite interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) data acquired by RADARSAT-1 in 1997 and by RADARSAT-2 in 2009.

Note: These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, consists of two high-resolution digital mosaics of ice motion in Central Antarctica. The mosaics were assembled from satellite interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) data acquired by RADARSAT-1 in 1997 and by RADARSAT-2 in 2009.

Note: These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed.
This data set, part of the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, consists of two high-resolution digital mosaics of ice motion in Central Antarctica. The mosaics were assembled from satellite interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) data acquired by RADARSAT-1 in 1997 and by RADARSAT-2 in 2009.

Note: These data are considered provisional pending a review by the MEaSUREs program. Once the data have been reviewed, this statement will be removed.
The Meltpond2000 project was the first in a series of Arctic and Antarctic aircraft campaigns to validate sea ice algorithms developed for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), primarily to quantify errors in AMSR-E sea ice products resulting from the presence of melt ponds. The AMSR-E validation effort addresses data quality through comprehensive calibration and validation programs. These programs characterize and document the accuracy and precision of AMSR-E observations and their derived products. Data were collected from five flights over Baffin Bay and the Canadian Archipelago from 26 June 2000 to 6 July 2000. All measurements fall within 68.967 deg N - 76.422 deg N, 63.197 deg W - 105.022 deg W. Spatial resolution varies from 0.13 km to 3.6 km, depending on the sensor. Data are provided as MATLAB files, requiring MATLAB version 5.3 or greater. These data and MATLAB programs to generate brightness temperature (TB) maps are available via FTP.
The Meltpond2000 project was the first in a series of Arctic and Antarctic aircraft campaigns to validate sea ice algorithms developed for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), primarily to quantify errors in AMSR-E sea ice products resulting from the presence of melt ponds. The AMSR-E validation effort addresses data quality through comprehensive calibration and validation programs. These programs characterize and document the accuracy and precision of AMSR-E observations and their derived products. Data were collected from five flights over Baffin Bay and the Canadian Archipelago from 26 June 2000 to 6 July 2000. All measurements fall within 68.967 deg N - 76.422 deg N, 63.197 deg W - 105.022 deg W. Spatial resolution varies from 0.13 km to 3.6 km, depending on the sensor. Data are provided as MATLAB files, requiring MATLAB version 5.3 or greater. These data and MATLAB programs to generate brightness temperature (TB) maps are available via FTP.
The Meltpond2000 project was the first in a series of Arctic and Antarctic aircraft campaigns to validate sea ice algorithms developed for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), primarily to quantify errors in AMSR-E sea ice products resulting from the presence of melt ponds. The AMSR-E validation effort addresses data quality through comprehensive calibration and validation programs. These programs characterize and document the accuracy and precision of AMSR-E observations and their derived products. Data were collected from five flights over Baffin Bay and the Canadian Archipelago from 26 June 2000 to 6 July 2000. All measurements fall within 68.967 deg N - 76.422 deg N, 63.197 deg W - 105.022 deg W. Spatial resolution varies from 0.13 km to 3.6 km, depending on the sensor. Data are provided as MATLAB files, requiring MATLAB version 5.3 or greater. These data and MATLAB programs to generate brightness temperature (TB) maps are available via FTP.
This data set includes calibrated brightness temperatures measured over Wakasa Bay in the Sea of Japan in January and February 2003. The MIR was carried on a military-type P-3 aircraft. Brightness temperatures were taken at 57 beam positions covering 100 degrees swath. These data were acquired in support of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Wakasa Bay Field Campaign. Data are available in binary format from NSIDC via FTP.
 AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 4 May 2002. The Wakasa Bay Field Campaign was designed to validate both AMSR and AMSR-E shallow rainfall and snowfall retrieval capabilities.
This data set includes calibrated brightness temperatures measured over Wakasa Bay in the Sea of Japan in January and February 2003. The MIR was carried on a military-type P-3 aircraft. Brightness temperatures were taken at 57 beam positions covering 100 degrees swath. These data were acquired in support of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Wakasa Bay Field Campaign. Data are available in binary format from NSIDC via FTP.
 AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 4 May 2002. The Wakasa Bay Field Campaign was designed to validate both AMSR and AMSR-E shallow rainfall and snowfall retrieval capabilities.
This data set includes calibrated brightness temperatures measured over Wakasa Bay in the Sea of Japan in January and February 2003. The MIR was carried on a military-type P-3 aircraft. Brightness temperatures were taken at 57 beam positions covering 100 degrees swath. These data were acquired in support of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Wakasa Bay Field Campaign. Data are available in binary format from NSIDC via FTP.
 AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 4 May 2002. The Wakasa Bay Field Campaign was designed to validate both AMSR and AMSR-E shallow rainfall and snowfall retrieval capabilities.
This data set provides sea ice extent for the Arctic (60-90 degrees North) and Antarctic (52-90 degrees South) in Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) binary image format, along with ASCII text files containing latitude and longitude coordinates along the sea ice edge, and browse images of SIR files in Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format. Ancillary products include daily-averaged total sea ice extent in ASCII format. Estimates of sea ice extent were produced from daily-averaged QuikSCAT sigma-0 measurements and extend from 19 July 1999 to 31 December 2004.

QuikSCAT obtains 12 individual radar normalized backscatter (sigma-0) measurements, called slices, for each footprint as it scans over a 1800 km wide swath. Slices are typically 4 to 6 km long by 20 km wide. The summed measurements of the slices are called egg measurements. The effective resolution and shape of each egg measurement is approximately 20 by 30 km, depending on the antenna beam and instrument mode. This data set contains both slice and egg images for each day.

The Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (MERS) group at Brigham Young University (BYU) developed a SIR-with-filtering (SIRF) algorithm that combines forward- and aft-looking sigma-0 measurements to produce enhanced-resolution backscatter images over various azimuth angles. The polarization ratio, incidence angle dependence, and the sigma-0 estimate error standard deviation were used to discriminate between sea ice and ocean. Sea ice extent was estimated for both slice and egg images. The nominal pixel resolution of the slice images is 2.225 km with an estimated effective resolution of approximately 4 km. Egg images have a nominal pixel resolution of 4.45 km with an estimated effective resolution of approximately 8 to 10 km.
This data set provides sea ice extent for the Arctic (60-90 degrees North) and Antarctic (52-90 degrees South) in Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) binary image format, along with ASCII text files containing latitude and longitude coordinates along the sea ice edge, and browse images of SIR files in Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format. Ancillary products include daily-averaged total sea ice extent in ASCII format. Estimates of sea ice extent were produced from daily-averaged QuikSCAT sigma-0 measurements and extend from 19 July 1999 to 31 December 2004.

QuikSCAT obtains 12 individual radar normalized backscatter (sigma-0) measurements, called slices, for each footprint as it scans over a 1800 km wide swath. Slices are typically 4 to 6 km long by 20 km wide. The summed measurements of the slices are called egg measurements. The effective resolution and shape of each egg measurement is approximately 20 by 30 km, depending on the antenna beam and instrument mode. This data set contains both slice and egg images for each day.

The Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (MERS) group at Brigham Young University (BYU) developed a SIR-with-filtering (SIRF) algorithm that combines forward- and aft-looking sigma-0 measurements to produce enhanced-resolution backscatter images over various azimuth angles. The polarization ratio, incidence angle dependence, and the sigma-0 estimate error standard deviation were used to discriminate between sea ice and ocean. Sea ice extent was estimated for both slice and egg images. The nominal pixel resolution of the slice images is 2.225 km with an estimated effective resolution of approximately 4 km. Egg images have a nominal pixel resolution of 4.45 km with an estimated effective resolution of approximately 8 to 10 km.
This data set provides sea ice extent for the Arctic (60-90 degrees North) and Antarctic (52-90 degrees South) in Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) binary image format, along with ASCII text files containing latitude and longitude coordinates along the sea ice edge, and browse images of SIR files in Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format. Ancillary products include daily-averaged total sea ice extent in ASCII format. Estimates of sea ice extent were produced from daily-averaged QuikSCAT sigma-0 measurements and extend from 19 July 1999 to 31 December 2004.

QuikSCAT obtains 12 individual radar normalized backscatter (sigma-0) measurements, called slices, for each footprint as it scans over a 1800 km wide swath. Slices are typically 4 to 6 km long by 20 km wide. The summed measurements of the slices are called egg measurements. The effective resolution and shape of each egg measurement is approximately 20 by 30 km, depending on the antenna beam and instrument mode. This data set contains both slice and egg images for each day.

The Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (MERS) group at Brigham Young University (BYU) developed a SIR-with-filtering (SIRF) algorithm that combines forward- and aft-looking sigma-0 measurements to produce enhanced-resolution backscatter images over various azimuth angles. The polarization ratio, incidence angle dependence, and the sigma-0 estimate error standard deviation were used to discriminate between sea ice and ocean. Sea ice extent was estimated for both slice and egg images. The nominal pixel resolution of the slice images is 2.225 km with an estimated effective resolution of approximately 4 km. Egg images have a nominal pixel resolution of 4.45 km with an estimated effective resolution of approximately 8 to 10 km.
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The Near-Real-Time DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Brightness Temperature product provides near-real-time brightness temperatures for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. These brightness temperatures are used to generate the Near-Real-Time DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Sea Ice Concentrations. Near-real-time passive microwave brightness temperatures are received daily from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) on board the Defense 
Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F17 satellite, and are gridded onto the SSM/I polar stereographic grid. The SSMIS instrument is the next generation Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instrument. SSMIS data used for this data set are received from the Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 
Two-byte scaled integer data are available via FTP at a resolution of 25 km for the 19, 22, and 37 GHz channels, and at 12.5 km resolution for the 85 and 91 GHz channels. NSIDC plans daily updates to the data. These data will be retained on the FTP site until NSIDC's standard brightness temperature product, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Brightness Temperatures, is available.
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The Near-Real-Time DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Brightness Temperature product provides near-real-time brightness temperatures for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. These brightness temperatures are used to generate the Near-Real-Time DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Sea Ice Concentrations. Near-real-time passive microwave brightness temperatures are received daily from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) on board the Defense 
Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F17 satellite, and are gridded onto the SSM/I polar stereographic grid. The SSMIS instrument is the next generation Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instrument. SSMIS data used for this data set are received from the Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 
Two-byte scaled integer data are available via FTP at a resolution of 25 km for the 19, 22, and 37 GHz channels, and at 12.5 km resolution for the 85 and 91 GHz channels. NSIDC plans daily updates to the data. These data will be retained on the FTP site until NSIDC's standard brightness temperature product, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Brightness Temperatures, is available.
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The Near-Real-Time DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Brightness Temperature product provides near-real-time brightness temperatures for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. These brightness temperatures are used to generate the Near-Real-Time DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Sea Ice Concentrations. Near-real-time passive microwave brightness temperatures are received daily from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) on board the Defense 
Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F17 satellite, and are gridded onto the SSM/I polar stereographic grid. The SSMIS instrument is the next generation Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instrument. SSMIS data used for this data set are received from the Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 
Two-byte scaled integer data are available via FTP at a resolution of 25 km for the 19, 22, and 37 GHz channels, and at 12.5 km resolution for the 85 and 91 GHz channels. NSIDC plans daily updates to the data. These data will be retained on the FTP site until NSIDC's standard brightness temperature product, DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Brightness Temperatures, is available.
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This data set provides a near-real-time (NRT) map of sea ice concentrations for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The near-real-time passive microwave brightness temperature data are acquired with the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F17 satellite. The SSMIS instrument is the next generation Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instrument. SSMIS data are received daily from the Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and are gridded onto a polar stereographic grid. Investigators generate sea ice concentrations from these data using the NASA Team algorithm.

These data are stored as one-byte flat scaled binary arrays with one byte per pixel, at a resolution of 25 km. For each data file, a corresponding PNG image file is provided. These data are available via FTP for the most recent three to six months and are retained on the FTP site until NSIDC's Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I Passive Microwave Data (preliminary data) become available for the same time period.

These data are primarily meant to provide a best estimate of current ice and snow conditions based on information and algorithms available at the time the data are acquired. Near-real-time products are not intended for operational use in assessing sea ice conditions for navigation and should be used with caution in extending the sea ice time series in NSIDC's Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I Passive Microwave Data.
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This data set provides a near-real-time (NRT) map of sea ice concentrations for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The near-real-time passive microwave brightness temperature data are acquired with the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F17 satellite. The SSMIS instrument is the next generation Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instrument. SSMIS data are received daily from the Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and are gridded onto a polar stereographic grid. Investigators generate sea ice concentrations from these data using the NASA Team algorithm.

These data are stored as one-byte flat scaled binary arrays with one byte per pixel, at a resolution of 25 km. For each data file, a corresponding PNG image file is provided. These data are available via FTP for the most recent three to six months and are retained on the FTP site until NSIDC's Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I Passive Microwave Data (preliminary data) become available for the same time period.

These data are primarily meant to provide a best estimate of current ice and snow conditions based on information and algorithms available at the time the data are acquired. Near-real-time products are not intended for operational use in assessing sea ice conditions for navigation and should be used with caution in extending the sea ice time series in NSIDC's Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I Passive Microwave Data.
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This data set provides a near-real-time (NRT) map of sea ice concentrations for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The near-real-time passive microwave brightness temperature data are acquired with the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F17 satellite. The SSMIS instrument is the next generation Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instrument. SSMIS data are received daily from the Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and are gridded onto a polar stereographic grid. Investigators generate sea ice concentrations from these data using the NASA Team algorithm.

These data are stored as one-byte flat scaled binary arrays with one byte per pixel, at a resolution of 25 km. For each data file, a corresponding PNG image file is provided. These data are available via FTP for the most recent three to six months and are retained on the FTP site until NSIDC's Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I Passive Microwave Data (preliminary data) become available for the same time period.

These data are primarily meant to provide a best estimate of current ice and snow conditions based on information and algorithms available at the time the data are acquired. Near-real-time products are not intended for operational use in assessing sea ice conditions for navigation and should be used with caution in extending the sea ice time series in NSIDC's Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I Passive Microwave Data.
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This data set provides daily, near-real-time Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) brightness temperatures in the Equal-Area Scalable Earth-Grid (EASE-Grid). The data set consists of gridded data in two projections: Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The data lag by one day and provide 270 days of near-real-time data. The spatial resolution is 25 km for all channels. Data are contained in flat binary files and are available via FTP.
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This data set provides daily, near-real-time Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) brightness temperatures in the Equal-Area Scalable Earth-Grid (EASE-Grid). The data set consists of gridded data in two projections: Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The data lag by one day and provide 270 days of near-real-time data. The spatial resolution is 25 km for all channels. Data are contained in flat binary files and are available via FTP.
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This data set provides daily, near-real-time Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) brightness temperatures in the Equal-Area Scalable Earth-Grid (EASE-Grid). The data set consists of gridded data in two projections: Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The data lag by one day and provide 270 days of near-real-time data. The spatial resolution is 25 km for all channels. Data are contained in flat binary files and are available via FTP.
Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 (WSR-88D) measurements were used to support AMSR-E rainfall validation efforts in Eureka, California, USA. WSR-88D radar has a measurement range radius of 150-200 km. It measures instantaneous rain rate, stratiform/convective rain type, in addition to radar reflectivity, with a 2 km resolution for most products. Level 2 and level 3 products are available from NOAA National Climatic Data Center.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to rainfall experiments are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E precipitation data.
Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 (WSR-88D) measurements were used to support AMSR-E rainfall validation efforts in Eureka, California, USA. WSR-88D radar has a measurement range radius of 150-200 km. It measures instantaneous rain rate, stratiform/convective rain type, in addition to radar reflectivity, with a 2 km resolution for most products. Level 2 and level 3 products are available from NOAA National Climatic Data Center.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to rainfall experiments are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E precipitation data.
Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 (WSR-88D) measurements were used to support AMSR-E rainfall validation efforts in Eureka, California, USA. WSR-88D radar has a measurement range radius of 150-200 km. It measures instantaneous rain rate, stratiform/convective rain type, in addition to radar reflectivity, with a 2 km resolution for most products. Level 2 and level 3 products are available from NOAA National Climatic Data Center.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to rainfall experiments are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E precipitation data.
The Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) data set consists of gridded brightness temperature arrays for the Arctic and Antarctic, spanning 11 December 1972 through 16 May 1977. The data were gridded to a polar stereographic projection at 25 km resolution and adjusted to partially remove instrument drift and sensitivity shifts. The ESMR instrument senses horizontally polarized radiation at a frequency of 19 GHz. Daily data that could not be adjusted are missing from this updated data set. Data are in 2-byte integer flat-binary format, and are available via FTP.
The Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) data set consists of gridded brightness temperature arrays for the Arctic and Antarctic, spanning 11 December 1972 through 16 May 1977. The data were gridded to a polar stereographic projection at 25 km resolution and adjusted to partially remove instrument drift and sensitivity shifts. The ESMR instrument senses horizontally polarized radiation at a frequency of 19 GHz. Daily data that could not be adjusted are missing from this updated data set. Data are in 2-byte integer flat-binary format, and are available via FTP.
The Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) data set consists of gridded brightness temperature arrays for the Arctic and Antarctic, spanning 11 December 1972 through 16 May 1977. The data were gridded to a polar stereographic projection at 25 km resolution and adjusted to partially remove instrument drift and sensitivity shifts. The ESMR instrument senses horizontally polarized radiation at a frequency of 19 GHz. Daily data that could not be adjusted are missing from this updated data set. Data are in 2-byte integer flat-binary format, and are available via FTP.
Daily and monthly averaged sea ice concentrations from the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) are available for the Arctic and Antarctic from 12 December 1972 through 31 December 1976 at 25 km gridded resolution. Raw data were reprocessed to include ocean masks that reduce weather effects and coastal contamination, and to include a 15 percent ice threshold. Reprocessed data are in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) and are available via FTP.
Daily and monthly averaged sea ice concentrations from the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) are available for the Arctic and Antarctic from 12 December 1972 through 31 December 1976 at 25 km gridded resolution. Raw data were reprocessed to include ocean masks that reduce weather effects and coastal contamination, and to include a 15 percent ice threshold. Reprocessed data are in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) and are available via FTP.
Daily and monthly averaged sea ice concentrations from the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) are available for the Arctic and Antarctic from 12 December 1972 through 31 December 1976 at 25 km gridded resolution. Raw data were reprocessed to include ocean masks that reduce weather effects and coastal contamination, and to include a 15 percent ice threshold. Reprocessed data are in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) and are available via FTP.
The SMMR Antenna Temperatures (Nimbus-7) data set consists of antenna temperatures from passive microwave radiometers aboard NOAA's Nimbus-7 satellite. The instrument is the Scanning Multichannel Microwave
Radiometer (SMMR). Each file consists of one days worth of data in
swath format, i.e. the portion of the Earth's surface viewed by the
scanning radiometer. Antenna temperature data are available from NSIDC
from October 1978 to August 1987.
 SMMR was a ten channel passive microwave instrument using six
conventional Dicke-type radiometers. It delivered orthogonally
polarized antenna temperature data at five frequencies (6.6, 10.69,
18.0 21.0 and 37.0 GHz). The two 37.0 GHz radiometers operated
continuously for each polarization. The other radiometers alternated
polarizations on alternate scans. The size of each daily file is 35 MBytes. The data are distributed on FTP. Copies of the data
format description are available upon request from NSIDC.

The scanner operated only on alternate days, due to spacecraft power
limitations. There are typically at least 14 days of coverage per
month, although major data gaps occur in August: in August, 1982, the
4th, 8th, and 16th are missing for both polar regions; in August,
1984, the 13th through the 23rd are missing for both polar regions.
The SMMR Antenna Temperatures (Nimbus-7) data set consists of antenna temperatures from passive microwave radiometers aboard NOAA's Nimbus-7 satellite. The instrument is the Scanning Multichannel Microwave
Radiometer (SMMR). Each file consists of one days worth of data in
swath format, i.e. the portion of the Earth's surface viewed by the
scanning radiometer. Antenna temperature data are available from NSIDC
from October 1978 to August 1987.
 SMMR was a ten channel passive microwave instrument using six
conventional Dicke-type radiometers. It delivered orthogonally
polarized antenna temperature data at five frequencies (6.6, 10.69,
18.0 21.0 and 37.0 GHz). The two 37.0 GHz radiometers operated
continuously for each polarization. The other radiometers alternated
polarizations on alternate scans. The size of each daily file is 35 MBytes. The data are distributed on FTP. Copies of the data
format description are available upon request from NSIDC.

The scanner operated only on alternate days, due to spacecraft power
limitations. There are typically at least 14 days of coverage per
month, although major data gaps occur in August: in August, 1982, the
4th, 8th, and 16th are missing for both polar regions; in August,
1984, the 13th through the 23rd are missing for both polar regions.
The SMMR Antenna Temperatures (Nimbus-7) data set consists of antenna temperatures from passive microwave radiometers aboard NOAA's Nimbus-7 satellite. The instrument is the Scanning Multichannel Microwave
Radiometer (SMMR). Each file consists of one days worth of data in
swath format, i.e. the portion of the Earth's surface viewed by the
scanning radiometer. Antenna temperature data are available from NSIDC
from October 1978 to August 1987.
 SMMR was a ten channel passive microwave instrument using six
conventional Dicke-type radiometers. It delivered orthogonally
polarized antenna temperature data at five frequencies (6.6, 10.69,
18.0 21.0 and 37.0 GHz). The two 37.0 GHz radiometers operated
continuously for each polarization. The other radiometers alternated
polarizations on alternate scans. The size of each daily file is 35 MBytes. The data are distributed on FTP. Copies of the data
format description are available upon request from NSIDC.

The scanner operated only on alternate days, due to spacecraft power
limitations. There are typically at least 14 days of coverage per
month, although major data gaps occur in August: in August, 1982, the
4th, 8th, and 16th are missing for both polar regions; in August,
1984, the 13th through the 23rd are missing for both polar regions.
The data set consists of monthly global snow cover and snow depth derived from Nimbus-7 SMMR data for 1978 through 1987. The SMMR data are interpolated for spatial and temporal gaps, and averaged for display in polar stereographic projection. Maps are based on six-day average brightness temperature data from the middle week of each month. Data are placed into 1/2 degree latitude by 1/2 degree longitude grid cells uniformly subdividing a polar stereographic map according to the geographic coordinates of the center of the radiometers' fields of view.  Overlapping data from separate orbits in the same six-day period are averaged to give a single brightness temperature assumed to be at the cell's center. Oceans and bays are masked so that only microwave data for land areas are displayed.

Comparisons of SMMR snow cover maps with previous maps produced by NOAA/NESDIS and US Air Force Global Weather Center indicate that the total snow covered area derived from SMMR is usually about ten percent less than that measured by the earlier products, because passive microwave sensors often can't detect shallow dry snow less than about 5 cm deep. Snow depths are comparable, showing SMMR results to be especially good for uniform snow covered areas such as the Canadian high plains and Russian steppes. Heavily forested and mountainous
areas tend to mask the microwave snow signatures, and SMMR snow depth
derivations are less reliable in those areas.

Formerly distributed by NASA/GSFC/NSSDC and NASA Pilot Land Data System (PLDS), these data are now available via ftp from NSIDC.
The data set consists of monthly global snow cover and snow depth derived from Nimbus-7 SMMR data for 1978 through 1987. The SMMR data are interpolated for spatial and temporal gaps, and averaged for display in polar stereographic projection. Maps are based on six-day average brightness temperature data from the middle week of each month. Data are placed into 1/2 degree latitude by 1/2 degree longitude grid cells uniformly subdividing a polar stereographic map according to the geographic coordinates of the center of the radiometers' fields of view.  Overlapping data from separate orbits in the same six-day period are averaged to give a single brightness temperature assumed to be at the cell's center. Oceans and bays are masked so that only microwave data for land areas are displayed.

Comparisons of SMMR snow cover maps with previous maps produced by NOAA/NESDIS and US Air Force Global Weather Center indicate that the total snow covered area derived from SMMR is usually about ten percent less than that measured by the earlier products, because passive microwave sensors often can't detect shallow dry snow less than about 5 cm deep. Snow depths are comparable, showing SMMR results to be especially good for uniform snow covered areas such as the Canadian high plains and Russian steppes. Heavily forested and mountainous
areas tend to mask the microwave snow signatures, and SMMR snow depth
derivations are less reliable in those areas.

Formerly distributed by NASA/GSFC/NSSDC and NASA Pilot Land Data System (PLDS), these data are now available via ftp from NSIDC.
The data set consists of monthly global snow cover and snow depth derived from Nimbus-7 SMMR data for 1978 through 1987. The SMMR data are interpolated for spatial and temporal gaps, and averaged for display in polar stereographic projection. Maps are based on six-day average brightness temperature data from the middle week of each month. Data are placed into 1/2 degree latitude by 1/2 degree longitude grid cells uniformly subdividing a polar stereographic map according to the geographic coordinates of the center of the radiometers' fields of view.  Overlapping data from separate orbits in the same six-day period are averaged to give a single brightness temperature assumed to be at the cell's center. Oceans and bays are masked so that only microwave data for land areas are displayed.

Comparisons of SMMR snow cover maps with previous maps produced by NOAA/NESDIS and US Air Force Global Weather Center indicate that the total snow covered area derived from SMMR is usually about ten percent less than that measured by the earlier products, because passive microwave sensors often can't detect shallow dry snow less than about 5 cm deep. Snow depths are comparable, showing SMMR results to be especially good for uniform snow covered areas such as the Canadian high plains and Russian steppes. Heavily forested and mountainous
areas tend to mask the microwave snow signatures, and SMMR snow depth
derivations are less reliable in those areas.

Formerly distributed by NASA/GSFC/NSSDC and NASA Pilot Land Data System (PLDS), these data are now available via ftp from NSIDC.
The Nimbus-7 SMMR Pathfinder Brightness Temperatures data set contains global brightness temperatures in swath format (level 1b) from 25 October 1978 to 20 August 1987. The instrument obtained near-global coverage at five frequencies (6.6, 10.7, 18, 21, and 37 GHz) in both horizontal and vertical polarizations, at a constant incidence angle of 50.3 degrees, every six days. Data are stored as daily orbit files in compressed Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) and are available on FTP.

The Nimbus-7 SMMR Level 1B Pathfinder data set was created at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from a level 1A 'TAT' data set provided by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GFSC).  The SMMR operated continuously from 25 Oct 1978 through 16 November 1987, at which time it began alernate-day operation.  The processed level 1B SMMR data are stored as orbit files in HDF format.  Each level 1B orbit file covers a time period of approximately 104.16 minutes.  The file size for an uncompressed orbit file is approximately 4.3 megabytes.  The total volume of the level 1B data set is approximately 70 gigabytes (compressed).
The Nimbus-7 SMMR Pathfinder Brightness Temperatures data set contains global brightness temperatures in swath format (level 1b) from 25 October 1978 to 20 August 1987. The instrument obtained near-global coverage at five frequencies (6.6, 10.7, 18, 21, and 37 GHz) in both horizontal and vertical polarizations, at a constant incidence angle of 50.3 degrees, every six days. Data are stored as daily orbit files in compressed Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) and are available on FTP.

The Nimbus-7 SMMR Level 1B Pathfinder data set was created at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from a level 1A 'TAT' data set provided by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GFSC).  The SMMR operated continuously from 25 Oct 1978 through 16 November 1987, at which time it began alernate-day operation.  The processed level 1B SMMR data are stored as orbit files in HDF format.  Each level 1B orbit file covers a time period of approximately 104.16 minutes.  The file size for an uncompressed orbit file is approximately 4.3 megabytes.  The total volume of the level 1B data set is approximately 70 gigabytes (compressed).
The Nimbus-7 SMMR Pathfinder Brightness Temperatures data set contains global brightness temperatures in swath format (level 1b) from 25 October 1978 to 20 August 1987. The instrument obtained near-global coverage at five frequencies (6.6, 10.7, 18, 21, and 37 GHz) in both horizontal and vertical polarizations, at a constant incidence angle of 50.3 degrees, every six days. Data are stored as daily orbit files in compressed Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) and are available on FTP.

The Nimbus-7 SMMR Level 1B Pathfinder data set was created at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from a level 1A 'TAT' data set provided by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GFSC).  The SMMR operated continuously from 25 Oct 1978 through 16 November 1987, at which time it began alernate-day operation.  The processed level 1B SMMR data are stored as orbit files in HDF format.  Each level 1B orbit file covers a time period of approximately 104.16 minutes.  The file size for an uncompressed orbit file is approximately 4.3 megabytes.  The total volume of the level 1B data set is approximately 70 gigabytes (compressed).
This data set consists of brightness temperatures acquired from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on board the Nimbus-7 Pathfinder satellite. The brightness temperatures have been gridded onto the Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid) and are presented in three different projections: Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, and global. The SMMR EASE-Grid data were derived from SMMR brightness temperatures in swath format (level 1b data). Coverage is global, and data are available from 25 October 1978 through 20 August 1987. The spatial resolution is 25 km for all channels (6.6, 10.7, 18, 21, and 37 GHz for both vertical and horizontal polarizations). Both brightness temperatures and time files are provided for a given projection in flat binary format for each day. The brightness temperatures are provided in tenths of kelvins and the time files are in minutes since 0:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of the date of the enclosing file. Data are available via FTP.
This data set consists of brightness temperatures acquired from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on board the Nimbus-7 Pathfinder satellite. The brightness temperatures have been gridded onto the Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid) and are presented in three different projections: Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, and global. The SMMR EASE-Grid data were derived from SMMR brightness temperatures in swath format (level 1b data). Coverage is global, and data are available from 25 October 1978 through 20 August 1987. The spatial resolution is 25 km for all channels (6.6, 10.7, 18, 21, and 37 GHz for both vertical and horizontal polarizations). Both brightness temperatures and time files are provided for a given projection in flat binary format for each day. The brightness temperatures are provided in tenths of kelvins and the time files are in minutes since 0:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of the date of the enclosing file. Data are available via FTP.
This data set consists of brightness temperatures acquired from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on board the Nimbus-7 Pathfinder satellite. The brightness temperatures have been gridded onto the Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid) and are presented in three different projections: Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, and global. The SMMR EASE-Grid data were derived from SMMR brightness temperatures in swath format (level 1b data). Coverage is global, and data are available from 25 October 1978 through 20 August 1987. The spatial resolution is 25 km for all channels (6.6, 10.7, 18, 21, and 37 GHz for both vertical and horizontal polarizations). Both brightness temperatures and time files are provided for a given projection in flat binary format for each day. The brightness temperatures are provided in tenths of kelvins and the time files are in minutes since 0:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of the date of the enclosing file. Data are available via FTP.
This data set contains gridded brightness temperatures and sea ice concentrations for both polar regions. It spans the period from October 1978 through August 1987, when the Nimbus-7 SMMR scanner was turned off. The data were collected every other day at 6.60, 10.69, 18.00, 21.00 and 37.00 GHz. Due to spacecraft power limitations, the scanner operated only on alternate days. There are usually at least foutreen days of coverage per month, although major data gaps occurred during the month of August. In August 1982, the following days are missing for both polar regions: 4th, 8th, and 16th; in August 1984, the 13th through the 23rd are missing for both polar regions; and in August 1985, the 6th through 8th are missing for the Southern Hemisphere.

Brightness temperature and sea ice concentration grids have 25 x 25 km grid elements in polar stereographic projection. Volume 7 contains all SMMR sea ice concentrations for both polar regions, plus five months of brightness temperature grids for the North polar region.

Brightness temperature grids are stored as 16-bit integers, one day of brightness temperature data is 0.27 mbytes for the North polar region, 0.21 mbytes for the South. Ice grids are stored as 8-bit integers. Files contain 136192 bytes and 104912 bytes for the North and South respectively. The NASA Team Algorithm (Cavalieri et al. 1984, Gloersen and Cavalieri 1986) was used to calculate ice concentrations from the brightness temperatures. The data were produced by Dr. P. Gloersen, NASA/GSFC, Oceans and Ice Branch, and are available via FTP.

Notice to Data Users: SMMR TCT tapes comprised the input data set, unlike the SMMR Digital Media product distributed by NSIDC in 1979.
This data set contains gridded brightness temperatures and sea ice concentrations for both polar regions. It spans the period from October 1978 through August 1987, when the Nimbus-7 SMMR scanner was turned off. The data were collected every other day at 6.60, 10.69, 18.00, 21.00 and 37.00 GHz. Due to spacecraft power limitations, the scanner operated only on alternate days. There are usually at least foutreen days of coverage per month, although major data gaps occurred during the month of August. In August 1982, the following days are missing for both polar regions: 4th, 8th, and 16th; in August 1984, the 13th through the 23rd are missing for both polar regions; and in August 1985, the 6th through 8th are missing for the Southern Hemisphere.

Brightness temperature and sea ice concentration grids have 25 x 25 km grid elements in polar stereographic projection. Volume 7 contains all SMMR sea ice concentrations for both polar regions, plus five months of brightness temperature grids for the North polar region.

Brightness temperature grids are stored as 16-bit integers, one day of brightness temperature data is 0.27 mbytes for the North polar region, 0.21 mbytes for the South. Ice grids are stored as 8-bit integers. Files contain 136192 bytes and 104912 bytes for the North and South respectively. The NASA Team Algorithm (Cavalieri et al. 1984, Gloersen and Cavalieri 1986) was used to calculate ice concentrations from the brightness temperatures. The data were produced by Dr. P. Gloersen, NASA/GSFC, Oceans and Ice Branch, and are available via FTP.

Notice to Data Users: SMMR TCT tapes comprised the input data set, unlike the SMMR Digital Media product distributed by NSIDC in 1979.
This data set contains gridded brightness temperatures and sea ice concentrations for both polar regions. It spans the period from October 1978 through August 1987, when the Nimbus-7 SMMR scanner was turned off. The data were collected every other day at 6.60, 10.69, 18.00, 21.00 and 37.00 GHz. Due to spacecraft power limitations, the scanner operated only on alternate days. There are usually at least foutreen days of coverage per month, although major data gaps occurred during the month of August. In August 1982, the following days are missing for both polar regions: 4th, 8th, and 16th; in August 1984, the 13th through the 23rd are missing for both polar regions; and in August 1985, the 6th through 8th are missing for the Southern Hemisphere.

Brightness temperature and sea ice concentration grids have 25 x 25 km grid elements in polar stereographic projection. Volume 7 contains all SMMR sea ice concentrations for both polar regions, plus five months of brightness temperature grids for the North polar region.

Brightness temperature grids are stored as 16-bit integers, one day of brightness temperature data is 0.27 mbytes for the North polar region, 0.21 mbytes for the South. Ice grids are stored as 8-bit integers. Files contain 136192 bytes and 104912 bytes for the North and South respectively. The NASA Team Algorithm (Cavalieri et al. 1984, Gloersen and Cavalieri 1986) was used to calculate ice concentrations from the brightness temperatures. The data were produced by Dr. P. Gloersen, NASA/GSFC, Oceans and Ice Branch, and are available via FTP.

Notice to Data Users: SMMR TCT tapes comprised the input data set, unlike the SMMR Digital Media product distributed by NSIDC in 1979.
The Northern Hemisphere EASE-Grid 2.0 Weekly Snow Cover and Sea Ice Extent Version 4 product combine snow cover and sea ice extent at weekly intervals from 23 October 1978 through 29 June 2014, and snow cover alone from 03 October 1966 through 29 June 2014. Snow cover extent for this data set is based on the NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Record (CDR) of Northern Hemisphere (NH) Snow Cover Extent (SCE) by D. Robinson (2012) and regridded to the EASE-Grid. The NOAA/NCDC CDR of Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent data were derived from the manual interpretation of AVHRR, GOES, and other visible-band satellite data (Helfrich et al. 2007). Sea ice extent is regridded to EASE-Grid from Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data. Designed to facilitate study of Northern Hemisphere seasonal fluctuations of snow cover and sea ice extent, the data set also includes monthly climatologies describing average extent, probability of occurrence, and variance. Data are provided in flat, unsigned binary files and are available via FTP.
The Northern Hemisphere EASE-Grid 2.0 Weekly Snow Cover and Sea Ice Extent Version 4 product combine snow cover and sea ice extent at weekly intervals from 23 October 1978 through 29 June 2014, and snow cover alone from 03 October 1966 through 29 June 2014. Snow cover extent for this data set is based on the NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Record (CDR) of Northern Hemisphere (NH) Snow Cover Extent (SCE) by D. Robinson (2012) and regridded to the EASE-Grid. The NOAA/NCDC CDR of Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent data were derived from the manual interpretation of AVHRR, GOES, and other visible-band satellite data (Helfrich et al. 2007). Sea ice extent is regridded to EASE-Grid from Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data. Designed to facilitate study of Northern Hemisphere seasonal fluctuations of snow cover and sea ice extent, the data set also includes monthly climatologies describing average extent, probability of occurrence, and variance. Data are provided in flat, unsigned binary files and are available via FTP.
The Northern Hemisphere EASE-Grid 2.0 Weekly Snow Cover and Sea Ice Extent Version 4 product combine snow cover and sea ice extent at weekly intervals from 23 October 1978 through 29 June 2014, and snow cover alone from 03 October 1966 through 29 June 2014. Snow cover extent for this data set is based on the NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Record (CDR) of Northern Hemisphere (NH) Snow Cover Extent (SCE) by D. Robinson (2012) and regridded to the EASE-Grid. The NOAA/NCDC CDR of Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent data were derived from the manual interpretation of AVHRR, GOES, and other visible-band satellite data (Helfrich et al. 2007). Sea ice extent is regridded to EASE-Grid from Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data. Designed to facilitate study of Northern Hemisphere seasonal fluctuations of snow cover and sea ice extent, the data set also includes monthly climatologies describing average extent, probability of occurrence, and variance. Data are provided in flat, unsigned binary files and are available via FTP.
Daily ice motion vectors are computed from a wide variety of sensors ranging from passive microwave radiometers, such as the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), to International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP) buoy data. Daily gridded fields combine data from all sensors, from November 1978 through December 2012. Grids extend from 48.4&deg; N to 90&deg; N, and from 53.2&deg; S to 90&deg; S. Mean gridded fields include yearly, monthly, and weekly means, and a mean for the entire time series. Both daily and mean gridded fields are in 2-byte integer format, reprojected to 25 km Northern and Southern Hemisphere EASE-Grids. Browse images of mean fields are available in Portable Network Graphics (PNG) and Postscript (PS) formats. Raw ice motion vectors from each sensor are in tab-delimited ASCII text format. The complete data set is available via FTP.
<p><strong>Note: </strong>An error in the computation of ice motion during the period 1 Nov 1978 – 8 Jul 1987 is being investigated.  During this period, a parameter file that sets the search criteria for SMMR observations is likely incorrect.  A new version of this file with adjusted parameters to match SMMR criteria is being tested. If you have questions or concerns, please contact <a href="mailto:nsidc@nsidc.org">NSIDC User   Services</a>.</p>

Daily ice motion vectors are computed from a wide variety of sensors ranging from passive microwave radiometers, such as the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), to International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP) buoy data. Daily gridded fields combine data from all sensors, from November 1978 through December 2012. Grids extend from 48.4&deg; N to 90&deg; N, and from 53.2&deg; S to 90&deg; S. Mean gridded fields include yearly, monthly, and weekly means, and a mean for the entire time series. Both daily and mean gridded fields are in 2-byte integer format, reprojected to 25 km Northern and Southern Hemisphere EASE-Grids. Browse images of mean fields are available in Portable Network Graphics (PNG) and Postscript (PS) formats. Raw ice motion vectors from each sensor are in tab-delimited ASCII text format. The complete data set is available via FTP.
<p><strong>Note: </strong>An error in the computation of ice motion during the period 1 Nov 1978 – 8 Jul 1987 is being investigated.  During this period, a parameter file that sets the search criteria for SMMR observations is likely incorrect.  A new version of this file with adjusted parameters to match SMMR criteria is being tested. If you have questions or concerns, please contact <a href="mailto:nsidc@nsidc.org">NSIDC User   Services</a>.</p>

Daily ice motion vectors are computed from a wide variety of sensors ranging from passive microwave radiometers, such as the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), to International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP) buoy data. Daily gridded fields combine data from all sensors, from November 1978 through December 2012. Grids extend from 48.4&deg; N to 90&deg; N, and from 53.2&deg; S to 90&deg; S. Mean gridded fields include yearly, monthly, and weekly means, and a mean for the entire time series. Both daily and mean gridded fields are in 2-byte integer format, reprojected to 25 km Northern and Southern Hemisphere EASE-Grids. Browse images of mean fields are available in Portable Network Graphics (PNG) and Postscript (PS) formats. Raw ice motion vectors from each sensor are in tab-delimited ASCII text format. The complete data set is available via FTP.
The NASA Pre-IceBridge ATM L0 Raw Ranges (BLATM0) data set contains raw elevation range measurements using the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrumentation. The data are stored in binary format and are available via FTP for periodic campaigns from 05 May 2005 to 30 October 2008.
The NASA Pre-IceBridge ATM L0 Raw Ranges (BLATM0) data set contains raw elevation range measurements using the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrumentation. The data are stored in binary format and are available via FTP for periodic campaigns from 05 May 2005 to 30 October 2008.
The NASA Pre-IceBridge ATM L0 Raw Ranges (BLATM0) data set contains raw elevation range measurements using the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrumentation. The data are stored in binary format and are available via FTP for periodic campaigns from 05 May 2005 to 30 October 2008.
The NASA Pre-IceBridge ATM Level-1B Qfit Elevation and Return Strength (BLATM1B) data set contains spot elevation measurements of Arctic, Greenland, and Antarctic sea ice and ice surface acquired using the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrumentation. The data are stored in qfit binary format and are available via FTP for periodic campaigns from 23 June 1993 to 30 October 2008.
The NASA Pre-IceBridge ATM Level-1B Qfit Elevation and Return Strength (BLATM1B) data set contains spot elevation measurements of Arctic, Greenland, and Antarctic sea ice and ice surface acquired using the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrumentation. The data are stored in qfit binary format and are available via FTP for periodic campaigns from 23 June 1993 to 30 October 2008.
The NASA Pre-IceBridge ATM Level-1B Qfit Elevation and Return Strength (BLATM1B) data set contains spot elevation measurements of Arctic, Greenland, and Antarctic sea ice and ice surface acquired using the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrumentation. The data are stored in qfit binary format and are available via FTP for periodic campaigns from 23 June 1993 to 30 October 2008.
The NASA Pre-IceBridge ATM Level-2 Icessn Elevation, Slope, and Roughness (BLATM2) data set contains resampled and smoothed elevation measurements of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, and Greenland, Antarctic and Arctic region land ice surface acquired using the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrumentation.
The NASA Pre-IceBridge ATM Level-2 Icessn Elevation, Slope, and Roughness (BLATM2) data set contains resampled and smoothed elevation measurements of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, and Greenland, Antarctic and Arctic region land ice surface acquired using the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrumentation.
The NASA Pre-IceBridge ATM Level-2 Icessn Elevation, Slope, and Roughness (BLATM2) data set contains resampled and smoothed elevation measurements of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, and Greenland, Antarctic and Arctic region land ice surface acquired using the NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrumentation.
The Pre-IceBridge LVIS L2 Geolocated Ground Elevation and Return Energy Quartiles (BLVIS2) data set contains ground elevation measurements taken in 2007 over Greenland from the NASA Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS).  The data are stored in big-endian binary format and are available via FTP.
The Pre-IceBridge LVIS L2 Geolocated Ground Elevation and Return Energy Quartiles (BLVIS2) data set contains ground elevation measurements taken in 2007 over Greenland from the NASA Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS).  The data are stored in big-endian binary format and are available via FTP.
The Pre-IceBridge LVIS L2 Geolocated Ground Elevation and Return Energy Quartiles (BLVIS2) data set contains ground elevation measurements taken in 2007 over Greenland from the NASA Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor (LVIS).  The data are stored in big-endian binary format and are available via FTP.
The Pre-IceBridge MCoRDS L1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles (BRMCR1B) data set contains Arctic and Antarctic radio echo-sounding measurements taken from the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) during periodic campaigns from June 1993 to September 2007. The data set includes elevation and surface measurements, as well as flight path charts and echogram images. The data are stored in MATLAB, Portable Network Graphics (PNG), Keyhole Markup Language (KML), and Portable Document Format (PDF) files, and are available via FTP.
The Pre-IceBridge MCoRDS L1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles (BRMCR1B) data set contains Arctic and Antarctic radio echo-sounding measurements taken from the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) during periodic campaigns from June 1993 to September 2007. The data set includes elevation and surface measurements, as well as flight path charts and echogram images. The data are stored in MATLAB, Portable Network Graphics (PNG), Keyhole Markup Language (KML), and Portable Document Format (PDF) files, and are available via FTP.
The Pre-IceBridge MCoRDS L1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles (BRMCR1B) data set contains Arctic and Antarctic radio echo-sounding measurements taken from the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) during periodic campaigns from June 1993 to September 2007. The data set includes elevation and surface measurements, as well as flight path charts and echogram images. The data are stored in MATLAB, Portable Network Graphics (PNG), Keyhole Markup Language (KML), and Portable Document Format (PDF) files, and are available via FTP.
PARCA began in 1993 with the primary goal of measuring and understanding the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Approximately 25 investigations used in situ measurements and satellite and aircraft remote sensing to study this issue. Measurements include surface elevation and ice thickness change rates from aircraft laser altimetry, shallow to intermediate ice cores (for average accumulation rates and their temporal and spatial variability), velocity around the ice-sheet perimeter at an elevation of about 2000 meters, local ice thickening/thinning rates, and climatological observations from automatic weather stations. Satellite data used include elevation change from radar altimetry; mapping of snow facies and zones of summer melt from passive and active microwave; ice velocities from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and from repeat high-resolution visible and SAR imagery; mapping surface and 10-m temperatures, accumulation rates, and surface albedo from microwave and AVHRR data.

Data are available either by FTP or through investigator Web sites. Questions about investigator data should be directed to the individual technical contacts responsible for each data set. The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) provides summaries and links to these data as a service to our users.
PARCA began in 1993 with the primary goal of measuring and understanding the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Approximately 25 investigations used in situ measurements and satellite and aircraft remote sensing to study this issue. Measurements include surface elevation and ice thickness change rates from aircraft laser altimetry, shallow to intermediate ice cores (for average accumulation rates and their temporal and spatial variability), velocity around the ice-sheet perimeter at an elevation of about 2000 meters, local ice thickening/thinning rates, and climatological observations from automatic weather stations. Satellite data used include elevation change from radar altimetry; mapping of snow facies and zones of summer melt from passive and active microwave; ice velocities from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and from repeat high-resolution visible and SAR imagery; mapping surface and 10-m temperatures, accumulation rates, and surface albedo from microwave and AVHRR data.

Data are available either by FTP or through investigator Web sites. Questions about investigator data should be directed to the individual technical contacts responsible for each data set. The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) provides summaries and links to these data as a service to our users.
PARCA began in 1993 with the primary goal of measuring and understanding the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Approximately 25 investigations used in situ measurements and satellite and aircraft remote sensing to study this issue. Measurements include surface elevation and ice thickness change rates from aircraft laser altimetry, shallow to intermediate ice cores (for average accumulation rates and their temporal and spatial variability), velocity around the ice-sheet perimeter at an elevation of about 2000 meters, local ice thickening/thinning rates, and climatological observations from automatic weather stations. Satellite data used include elevation change from radar altimetry; mapping of snow facies and zones of summer melt from passive and active microwave; ice velocities from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and from repeat high-resolution visible and SAR imagery; mapping surface and 10-m temperatures, accumulation rates, and surface albedo from microwave and AVHRR data.

Data are available either by FTP or through investigator Web sites. Questions about investigator data should be directed to the individual technical contacts responsible for each data set. The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) provides summaries and links to these data as a service to our users.
This data set includes brightness temperature data measured over the Sea of Japan, the Western Pacific Ocean, and the Japanese Islands in January and February 2003. The data were collected using the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR/A), an airborne multiband, conical-scanning, imaging radiometer system. The PSR was mounted to a NASA P-3 aircraft and flown  at approximately 22,000 ft mean sea level (MSL) with flight lines that crossed maritime and orographic precipitation.   These data are provided to AMSR-E Validation scientists for use in intercomparisons with surface-based and satellite-based data collected during the January/February 2003 Wakasa Bay Field Campaign. Data are available in MATLAB format and as binary files with accompanying ASCII headers.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 4 May 2002. The Wakasa Bay Field Campaign was designed to validate both AMSR and AMSR-E shallow rainfall and snowfall retrieval capabilities.
This data set includes brightness temperature data measured over the Sea of Japan, the Western Pacific Ocean, and the Japanese Islands in January and February 2003. The data were collected using the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR/A), an airborne multiband, conical-scanning, imaging radiometer system. The PSR was mounted to a NASA P-3 aircraft and flown  at approximately 22,000 ft mean sea level (MSL) with flight lines that crossed maritime and orographic precipitation.   These data are provided to AMSR-E Validation scientists for use in intercomparisons with surface-based and satellite-based data collected during the January/February 2003 Wakasa Bay Field Campaign. Data are available in MATLAB format and as binary files with accompanying ASCII headers.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 4 May 2002. The Wakasa Bay Field Campaign was designed to validate both AMSR and AMSR-E shallow rainfall and snowfall retrieval capabilities.
This data set includes brightness temperature data measured over the Sea of Japan, the Western Pacific Ocean, and the Japanese Islands in January and February 2003. The data were collected using the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR/A), an airborne multiband, conical-scanning, imaging radiometer system. The PSR was mounted to a NASA P-3 aircraft and flown  at approximately 22,000 ft mean sea level (MSL) with flight lines that crossed maritime and orographic precipitation.   These data are provided to AMSR-E Validation scientists for use in intercomparisons with surface-based and satellite-based data collected during the January/February 2003 Wakasa Bay Field Campaign. Data are available in MATLAB format and as binary files with accompanying ASCII headers.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 4 May 2002. The Wakasa Bay Field Campaign was designed to validate both AMSR and AMSR-E shallow rainfall and snowfall retrieval capabilities.
The high-resolution Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project (RAMP) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) combines topographic data from a variety of sources to provide consistent coverage of all of Antarctica. Version 2 improves upon the original version by incorporating new topographic data, error corrections, extended coverage, and other modifications.

The DEM incorporates topographic data from satellite radar altimetry, airborne
radar surveys, the recently-updated Antarctic Digital Database (version 2), and
large-scale topographic maps from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the
Australian Antarctic Division. Data were collected between the 1940s and
present, with most collected during the 1980s and 1990s. Although the RAMP DEM
was created to aid in processing RAMP radar data, it does not utilize any RAMP
radar data.

The 1 km, 400 m, and 200 m DEM data are provided in ARC/INFO and binary grid
formats, and the 1 km and 400 m DEMs are also available in ASCII format. Data
access is unrestricted, but users should register to receive e-mail notification
of product updates and changes in processing.
The high-resolution Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project (RAMP) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) combines topographic data from a variety of sources to provide consistent coverage of all of Antarctica. Version 2 improves upon the original version by incorporating new topographic data, error corrections, extended coverage, and other modifications.

The DEM incorporates topographic data from satellite radar altimetry, airborne
radar surveys, the recently-updated Antarctic Digital Database (version 2), and
large-scale topographic maps from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the
Australian Antarctic Division. Data were collected between the 1940s and
present, with most collected during the 1980s and 1990s. Although the RAMP DEM
was created to aid in processing RAMP radar data, it does not utilize any RAMP
radar data.

The 1 km, 400 m, and 200 m DEM data are provided in ARC/INFO and binary grid
formats, and the 1 km and 400 m DEMs are also available in ASCII format. Data
access is unrestricted, but users should register to receive e-mail notification
of product updates and changes in processing.
The high-resolution Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project (RAMP) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) combines topographic data from a variety of sources to provide consistent coverage of all of Antarctica. Version 2 improves upon the original version by incorporating new topographic data, error corrections, extended coverage, and other modifications.

The DEM incorporates topographic data from satellite radar altimetry, airborne
radar surveys, the recently-updated Antarctic Digital Database (version 2), and
large-scale topographic maps from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the
Australian Antarctic Division. Data were collected between the 1940s and
present, with most collected during the 1980s and 1990s. Although the RAMP DEM
was created to aid in processing RAMP radar data, it does not utilize any RAMP
radar data.

The 1 km, 400 m, and 200 m DEM data are provided in ARC/INFO and binary grid
formats, and the 1 km and 400 m DEMs are also available in ASCII format. Data
access is unrestricted, but users should register to receive e-mail notification
of product updates and changes in processing.
In 1997, the Canadian RADARSAT-1 satellite was rotated in orbit so that its Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) antenna looked south towards Antarctica. This permitted the first high-resolution mapping of the entire continent of Antarctica. In 18 days, the satellite acquired a complete coverage of radar image swaths as part of the first Antarctic Mapping Mission (AMM-1). Swath images were assembled into an image mosaic depicting the entire continent at 25 m resolution. The mosaic provides a detailed look at ice sheet morphology, rock outcrops, research infrastructure, the coastline, and other features of Antarctica, as well as representing calibrated radar backscatter data, which may provide insight into climate processes affecting the upper few meters of snow cover.

Data are available via FTP, and are offered in a variety of formats. A series of approximately 90 image tiles covers the entire continent at 25 m resolution, and single mosaic images derived from these tiles cover the continent at resolutions ranging from 125 m to 1 km. The single images provide good detail in convenient image formats. The tile products preserve the highest resolution of spatial detail, and retain the quantitative measure of backscatter intensity, but are necessarily large files that require assembly by the user.
In 1997, the Canadian RADARSAT-1 satellite was rotated in orbit so that its Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) antenna looked south towards Antarctica. This permitted the first high-resolution mapping of the entire continent of Antarctica. In 18 days, the satellite acquired a complete coverage of radar image swaths as part of the first Antarctic Mapping Mission (AMM-1). Swath images were assembled into an image mosaic depicting the entire continent at 25 m resolution. The mosaic provides a detailed look at ice sheet morphology, rock outcrops, research infrastructure, the coastline, and other features of Antarctica, as well as representing calibrated radar backscatter data, which may provide insight into climate processes affecting the upper few meters of snow cover.

Data are available via FTP, and are offered in a variety of formats. A series of approximately 90 image tiles covers the entire continent at 25 m resolution, and single mosaic images derived from these tiles cover the continent at resolutions ranging from 125 m to 1 km. The single images provide good detail in convenient image formats. The tile products preserve the highest resolution of spatial detail, and retain the quantitative measure of backscatter intensity, but are necessarily large files that require assembly by the user.
In 1997, the Canadian RADARSAT-1 satellite was rotated in orbit so that its Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) antenna looked south towards Antarctica. This permitted the first high-resolution mapping of the entire continent of Antarctica. In 18 days, the satellite acquired a complete coverage of radar image swaths as part of the first Antarctic Mapping Mission (AMM-1). Swath images were assembled into an image mosaic depicting the entire continent at 25 m resolution. The mosaic provides a detailed look at ice sheet morphology, rock outcrops, research infrastructure, the coastline, and other features of Antarctica, as well as representing calibrated radar backscatter data, which may provide insight into climate processes affecting the upper few meters of snow cover.

Data are available via FTP, and are offered in a variety of formats. A series of approximately 90 image tiles covers the entire continent at 25 m resolution, and single mosaic images derived from these tiles cover the continent at resolutions ranging from 125 m to 1 km. The single images provide good detail in convenient image formats. The tile products preserve the highest resolution of spatial detail, and retain the quantitative measure of backscatter intensity, but are necessarily large files that require assembly by the user.
The purpose of this site is to expose NASA satellite data and research on Arctic change in the form of maps that illustrate the changes taking place in the Arctic over time. A high-speed internet connection is recommended for map viewing. This site is presented with support from NASA Earth Sciences.
The purpose of this site is to expose NASA satellite data and research on Arctic change in the form of maps that illustrate the changes taking place in the Arctic over time. A high-speed internet connection is recommended for map viewing. This site is presented with support from NASA Earth Sciences.
The purpose of this site is to expose NASA satellite data and research on Arctic change in the form of maps that illustrate the changes taking place in the Arctic over time. A high-speed internet connection is recommended for map viewing. This site is presented with support from NASA Earth Sciences.
This data set is generated from brightness temperature data derived from the following sensors: the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) -F8, -F11 and -F13 Special Sensor Microwave/Imagers (SSM/Is), and the DMSP-F17 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS). The data are provided in the polar stereographic projection at a grid cell size of 25 x 25 km.

This product is designed to provide a consistent time series of sea ice concentrations (the fraction, or percentage, of ocean area covered by sea ice) spanning the coverage of several passive microwave instruments. To aid in this goal, sea ice algorithm coefficients are changed to reduce differences in sea ice extent and area as estimated using the SMMR and SSM/I sensors. The data are generated using the NASA Team algorithm developed by the Oceans and Ice Branch, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).

These data include gridded daily (every other day for SMMR data) and monthly averaged sea ice concentrations for both the north and south polar regions. The data are produced at GSFC about once per year, with roughly a one-year latency, and include data since 26 October 1978. Data are produced from SMMR brightness temperature data processed at NASA GSFC and from SSM/I and SSMIS brightness temperature data processed at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC).

Data are scaled and stored as one-byte integers in flat binary arrays. For each data file, a corresponding PNG browse image file is provided. Data are available via FTP.
This data set is generated from brightness temperature data derived from the following sensors: the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) -F8, -F11 and -F13 Special Sensor Microwave/Imagers (SSM/Is), and the DMSP-F17 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS). The data are provided in the polar stereographic projection at a grid cell size of 25 x 25 km.

This product is designed to provide a consistent time series of sea ice concentrations (the fraction, or percentage, of ocean area covered by sea ice) spanning the coverage of several passive microwave instruments. To aid in this goal, sea ice algorithm coefficients are changed to reduce differences in sea ice extent and area as estimated using the SMMR and SSM/I sensors. The data are generated using the NASA Team algorithm developed by the Oceans and Ice Branch, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).

These data include gridded daily (every other day for SMMR data) and monthly averaged sea ice concentrations for both the north and south polar regions. The data are produced at GSFC about once per year, with roughly a one-year latency, and include data since 26 October 1978. Data are produced from SMMR brightness temperature data processed at NASA GSFC and from SSM/I and SSMIS brightness temperature data processed at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC).

Data are scaled and stored as one-byte integers in flat binary arrays. For each data file, a corresponding PNG browse image file is provided. Data are available via FTP.
This data set is generated from brightness temperature data derived from the following sensors: the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) -F8, -F11 and -F13 Special Sensor Microwave/Imagers (SSM/Is), and the DMSP-F17 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS). The data are provided in the polar stereographic projection at a grid cell size of 25 x 25 km.

This product is designed to provide a consistent time series of sea ice concentrations (the fraction, or percentage, of ocean area covered by sea ice) spanning the coverage of several passive microwave instruments. To aid in this goal, sea ice algorithm coefficients are changed to reduce differences in sea ice extent and area as estimated using the SMMR and SSM/I sensors. The data are generated using the NASA Team algorithm developed by the Oceans and Ice Branch, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).

These data include gridded daily (every other day for SMMR data) and monthly averaged sea ice concentrations for both the north and south polar regions. The data are produced at GSFC about once per year, with roughly a one-year latency, and include data since 26 October 1978. Data are produced from SMMR brightness temperature data processed at NASA GSFC and from SSM/I and SSMIS brightness temperature data processed at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC).

Data are scaled and stored as one-byte integers in flat binary arrays. For each data file, a corresponding PNG browse image file is provided. Data are available via FTP.
<h3>Notice Regarding Data Corrections</h3>
			<p class="newsdate">04 September 2013</p>
			<p>These data sets were recently revised. Please refer to the Documentation link provided above for details regarding data corrections and reprocessing.</p><hr>

NSIDC provides a suite of value-added data sets to aid in investigations of the variability and trends of sea ice cover. These data sets provide users with information about sea ice extent, total ice-covered area, ice persistence, monthly climatologies of sea ice concentrations, and ocean masks. The maps are in ArcInfo export file format. All other data sets are in flat binary or ASCII format with accompanying Portable Network Graphics (PNG) browse images. Products are derived from Nimbus-7 SMMR; DMSP-F8, -F11, and -F13 SSM/I; and from DMSP-F17 SSMIS sea ice concentrations at a grid cell size of 25 x 25 km. Data begin in October 1978 and processing is ongoing. Data are available via FTP.
<h3>Notice Regarding Data Corrections</h3>
			<p class="newsdate">04 September 2013</p>
			<p>These data sets were recently revised. Please refer to the Documentation link provided above for details regarding data corrections and reprocessing.</p><hr>

NSIDC provides a suite of value-added data sets to aid in investigations of the variability and trends of sea ice cover. These data sets provide users with information about sea ice extent, total ice-covered area, ice persistence, monthly climatologies of sea ice concentrations, and ocean masks. The maps are in ArcInfo export file format. All other data sets are in flat binary or ASCII format with accompanying Portable Network Graphics (PNG) browse images. Products are derived from Nimbus-7 SMMR; DMSP-F8, -F11, and -F13 SSM/I; and from DMSP-F17 SSMIS sea ice concentrations at a grid cell size of 25 x 25 km. Data begin in October 1978 and processing is ongoing. Data are available via FTP.
<h3>Notice Regarding Data Corrections</h3>
			<p class="newsdate">04 September 2013</p>
			<p>These data sets were recently revised. Please refer to the Documentation link provided above for details regarding data corrections and reprocessing.</p><hr>

NSIDC provides a suite of value-added data sets to aid in investigations of the variability and trends of sea ice cover. These data sets provide users with information about sea ice extent, total ice-covered area, ice persistence, monthly climatologies of sea ice concentrations, and ocean masks. The maps are in ArcInfo export file format. All other data sets are in flat binary or ASCII format with accompanying Portable Network Graphics (PNG) browse images. Products are derived from Nimbus-7 SMMR; DMSP-F8, -F11, and -F13 SSM/I; and from DMSP-F17 SSMIS sea ice concentrations at a grid cell size of 25 x 25 km. Data begin in October 1978 and processing is ongoing. Data are available via FTP.
This data set contains radar backscatter measurments taken over the Soil Moisture Experiments 2002 (SMEX02) Walnut Creek Watershed area in Iowa, USA. The Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) instrument in POLSAR mode was mounted on a DC-8 aircraft that flew on five days in the study period: 1, 5, 7, 8, and 9 July 2002. On each of these days, three distinctive flight lines were flown and six different scenes were collected. Two flight lines were east-west in orientation and were concentrated around the Walnut Creek (WC) watershed. The other line was north-south oriented, and covered both the WC watershed and the regional study area.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains radar backscatter measurments taken over the Soil Moisture Experiments 2002 (SMEX02) Walnut Creek Watershed area in Iowa, USA. The Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) instrument in POLSAR mode was mounted on a DC-8 aircraft that flew on five days in the study period: 1, 5, 7, 8, and 9 July 2002. On each of these days, three distinctive flight lines were flown and six different scenes were collected. Two flight lines were east-west in orientation and were concentrated around the Walnut Creek (WC) watershed. The other line was north-south oriented, and covered both the WC watershed and the regional study area.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains radar backscatter measurments taken over the Soil Moisture Experiments 2002 (SMEX02) Walnut Creek Watershed area in Iowa, USA. The Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) instrument in POLSAR mode was mounted on a DC-8 aircraft that flew on five days in the study period: 1, 5, 7, 8, and 9 July 2002. On each of these days, three distinctive flight lines were flown and six different scenes were collected. Two flight lines were east-west in orientation and were concentrated around the Walnut Creek (WC) watershed. The other line was north-south oriented, and covered both the WC watershed and the regional study area.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) is an airborne microwave imaging radiometer developed and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)  Environmental Technology Laboratory. This data set includes brightness temperature (Tb) and soil moisture data. Measurements were taken 25 June through 12 July 2002 in the regional and Walnut Creek Watershed areas in Iowa, USA during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The PSR/CX band radiometer is similar to the low-frequency channel of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometers (AMSR) on the NASA Aqua and Japanese ADEOS-II satellites. The radiometer operates at V (vertical) and H (horizontal) polarizations. Data are available from NSIDC via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) is an airborne microwave imaging radiometer developed and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)  Environmental Technology Laboratory. This data set includes brightness temperature (Tb) and soil moisture data. Measurements were taken 25 June through 12 July 2002 in the regional and Walnut Creek Watershed areas in Iowa, USA during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The PSR/CX band radiometer is similar to the low-frequency channel of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometers (AMSR) on the NASA Aqua and Japanese ADEOS-II satellites. The radiometer operates at V (vertical) and H (horizontal) polarizations. Data are available from NSIDC via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) is an airborne microwave imaging radiometer developed and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)  Environmental Technology Laboratory. This data set includes brightness temperature (Tb) and soil moisture data. Measurements were taken 25 June through 12 July 2002 in the regional and Walnut Creek Watershed areas in Iowa, USA during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The PSR/CX band radiometer is similar to the low-frequency channel of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometers (AMSR) on the NASA Aqua and Japanese ADEOS-II satellites. The radiometer operates at V (vertical) and H (horizontal) polarizations. Data are available from NSIDC via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) level 3 daily gridded brightness temperatures, spatially subsetted to the state of Iowa, USA. The study period covers 1 June 2002 through 31 August 2002. The level 3 data were derived from AMSR-E level 2A source data. Each daily file contains data from the 6.9, 10.7, 18.7, 36.5, and 89 GHz channels. Data are provided in 83 binary files, and are available via FTP from NSIDC. This work was done as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) level 3 daily gridded brightness temperatures, spatially subsetted to the state of Iowa, USA. The study period covers 1 June 2002 through 31 August 2002. The level 3 data were derived from AMSR-E level 2A source data. Each daily file contains data from the 6.9, 10.7, 18.7, 36.5, and 89 GHz channels. Data are provided in 83 binary files, and are available via FTP from NSIDC. This work was done as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) level 3 daily gridded brightness temperatures, spatially subsetted to the state of Iowa, USA. The study period covers 1 June 2002 through 31 August 2002. The level 3 data were derived from AMSR-E level 2A source data. Each daily file contains data from the 6.9, 10.7, 18.7, 36.5, and 89 GHz channels. Data are provided in 83 binary files, and are available via FTP from NSIDC. This work was done as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). Investigators acquired a series of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images from the Terra satellite. Three ASTER scenes were combined in a mosaic and the regional study area extracted to form one image. These data  represent a single point in time; the satellite overpass time was 17.20 GMT on July 1, 2002. The study area is the Walnut Creek Watershed area in Iowa, USA, covering 41.70 to 42.73&deg;N and 93.16 to 93.84&deg;W.
 These ASTER Level 1B data include three Visible and Near-infrared (VNIR) bands with 15 m spatial resolution of 15 m, six Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands with 30 m spatial resolution, and five Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands with 90 m spatial resolution. The data are L1B data with geometric and radiometric correction. The data are in unsigned integer binary files in terms of scaled radiance, one file for each band. Data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). Investigators acquired a series of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images from the Terra satellite. Three ASTER scenes were combined in a mosaic and the regional study area extracted to form one image. These data  represent a single point in time; the satellite overpass time was 17.20 GMT on July 1, 2002. The study area is the Walnut Creek Watershed area in Iowa, USA, covering 41.70 to 42.73&deg;N and 93.16 to 93.84&deg;W.
 These ASTER Level 1B data include three Visible and Near-infrared (VNIR) bands with 15 m spatial resolution of 15 m, six Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands with 30 m spatial resolution, and five Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands with 90 m spatial resolution. The data are L1B data with geometric and radiometric correction. The data are in unsigned integer binary files in terms of scaled radiance, one file for each band. Data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). Investigators acquired a series of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images from the Terra satellite. Three ASTER scenes were combined in a mosaic and the regional study area extracted to form one image. These data  represent a single point in time; the satellite overpass time was 17.20 GMT on July 1, 2002. The study area is the Walnut Creek Watershed area in Iowa, USA, covering 41.70 to 42.73&deg;N and 93.16 to 93.84&deg;W.
 These ASTER Level 1B data include three Visible and Near-infrared (VNIR) bands with 15 m spatial resolution of 15 m, six Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands with 30 m spatial resolution, and five Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands with 90 m spatial resolution. The data are L1B data with geometric and radiometric correction. The data are in unsigned integer binary files in terms of scaled radiance, one file for each band. Data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes radiosonde measurements of upper air temperature and pressure, relative humidity, and wind direction and speed during the balloons' ascent to the upper atmosphere. Radiosonde signals were received and processed by ground equipment, which automatically computed wind speed and direction using global navigation networks. The measurements were taken from 15 June 2002 to 9 July 2002. The site was located in the central watershed area during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). Data are available from NSIDC via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes radiosonde measurements of upper air temperature and pressure, relative humidity, and wind direction and speed during the balloons' ascent to the upper atmosphere. Radiosonde signals were received and processed by ground equipment, which automatically computed wind speed and direction using global navigation networks. The measurements were taken from 15 June 2002 to 9 July 2002. The site was located in the central watershed area during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). Data are available from NSIDC via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes radiosonde measurements of upper air temperature and pressure, relative humidity, and wind direction and speed during the balloons' ascent to the upper atmosphere. Radiosonde signals were received and processed by ground equipment, which automatically computed wind speed and direction using global navigation networks. The measurements were taken from 15 June 2002 to 9 July 2002. The site was located in the central watershed area during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). Data are available from NSIDC via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
CODIAC is the data management system used by the Joint Office for Science Support (JOSS) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This data set contains hourly surface meteorological
and soils data from the United States Department of Agriculture
Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA/NRCS) Soil Climate
Analysis Network (SCAN).  This data set includes data from the
SCAN stations in the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) region of Iowa, USA for the period from 1 June to 
31 July 2002.  

The stations house various sensors, including: global precipitation sensor, thermistor, thin film capacitance-type sensor, anemometer, pyranometer, pressure sensor, and a frequency-shift dielectric measuring device. Units of measurement vary, depending on the type of sensor. The data are in columnar ASCII format and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
CODIAC is the data management system used by the Joint Office for Science Support (JOSS) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This data set contains hourly surface meteorological
and soils data from the United States Department of Agriculture
Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA/NRCS) Soil Climate
Analysis Network (SCAN).  This data set includes data from the
SCAN stations in the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) region of Iowa, USA for the period from 1 June to 
31 July 2002.  

The stations house various sensors, including: global precipitation sensor, thermistor, thin film capacitance-type sensor, anemometer, pyranometer, pressure sensor, and a frequency-shift dielectric measuring device. Units of measurement vary, depending on the type of sensor. The data are in columnar ASCII format and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
CODIAC is the data management system used by the Joint Office for Science Support (JOSS) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This data set contains hourly surface meteorological
and soils data from the United States Department of Agriculture
Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA/NRCS) Soil Climate
Analysis Network (SCAN).  This data set includes data from the
SCAN stations in the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) region of Iowa, USA for the period from 1 June to 
31 July 2002.  

The stations house various sensors, including: global precipitation sensor, thermistor, thin film capacitance-type sensor, anemometer, pyranometer, pressure sensor, and a frequency-shift dielectric measuring device. Units of measurement vary, depending on the type of sensor. The data are in columnar ASCII format and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of browse images acquired by the C-band Active Microwave Instrument (AMI) onboard the European Remote Sensing Satellite 2 (ERS-2) and provides only a general quality assessment of the ERS-2 AMI data. The Precision Images (PRIs) were used as a part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) and are available to research groups from the European Space Agency (ESA). The data were obtained over the SMEX02 study area in Iowa, USA on 31 May, 5 July, and 13 September 2002. These images are uncalibrated, subsets of the raw ERS-2 AMI PRIs. The images are a function of decibels (dB) and are intended for browsing locations and general features. They cannot be used to derive dB values; researchers interested in dB values must obtain the AMI data.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of browse images acquired by the C-band Active Microwave Instrument (AMI) onboard the European Remote Sensing Satellite 2 (ERS-2) and provides only a general quality assessment of the ERS-2 AMI data. The Precision Images (PRIs) were used as a part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) and are available to research groups from the European Space Agency (ESA). The data were obtained over the SMEX02 study area in Iowa, USA on 31 May, 5 July, and 13 September 2002. These images are uncalibrated, subsets of the raw ERS-2 AMI PRIs. The images are a function of decibels (dB) and are intended for browsing locations and general features. They cannot be used to derive dB values; researchers interested in dB values must obtain the AMI data.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of browse images acquired by the C-band Active Microwave Instrument (AMI) onboard the European Remote Sensing Satellite 2 (ERS-2) and provides only a general quality assessment of the ERS-2 AMI data. The Precision Images (PRIs) were used as a part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) and are available to research groups from the European Space Agency (ESA). The data were obtained over the SMEX02 study area in Iowa, USA on 31 May, 5 July, and 13 September 2002. These images are uncalibrated, subsets of the raw ERS-2 AMI PRIs. The images are a function of decibels (dB) and are intended for browsing locations and general features. They cannot be used to derive dB values; researchers interested in dB values must obtain the AMI data.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The parameters for this data set include gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, and soil temperature. This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The SMEX studies are designed to evaluate, among other things, the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data.

This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the area around Ames, Iowa, USA. Data were collected in crop fields using a variety of methods and sensors: manual soil samples for gravimetric and bulk density data, infrared pyrometers for soil moisture, and hydra probes for soil moisture and temperature.

Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The parameters for this data set include gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, and soil temperature. This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The SMEX studies are designed to evaluate, among other things, the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data.

This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the area around Ames, Iowa, USA. Data were collected in crop fields using a variety of methods and sensors: manual soil samples for gravimetric and bulk density data, infrared pyrometers for soil moisture, and hydra probes for soil moisture and temperature.

Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The parameters for this data set include gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, and soil temperature. This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The SMEX studies are designed to evaluate, among other things, the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data.

This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the area around Ames, Iowa, USA. Data were collected in crop fields using a variety of methods and sensors: manual soil samples for gravimetric and bulk density data, infrared pyrometers for soil moisture, and hydra probes for soil moisture and temperature.

Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is part of  the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) project, which is associated with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) validation project. It consists of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data, derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) imagery. The satellite data were acquired during select dates in June and July 2002. These data cover the SMEX02 Walnut Creek watershed and the regional Iowa study areas in south-central Iowa, USA. 

Data are provided as flat binary files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is part of  the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) project, which is associated with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) validation project. It consists of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data, derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) imagery. The satellite data were acquired during select dates in June and July 2002. These data cover the SMEX02 Walnut Creek watershed and the regional Iowa study areas in south-central Iowa, USA. 

Data are provided as flat binary files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is part of  the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) project, which is associated with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) validation project. It consists of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data, derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) imagery. The satellite data were acquired during select dates in June and July 2002. These data cover the SMEX02 Walnut Creek watershed and the regional Iowa study areas in south-central Iowa, USA. 

Data are provided as flat binary files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set combines various ancillary data (geolocation, surface roughness, and photographs) collected for the Iowa Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) study region. The geolocation files provide geographic coordinates for the SMEX02 test sites, study areas, and instrumentation. The surface roughness data are derived from photographs taken at representative watershed sampling locations. The photographs were taken in the field at various locations during the experiments.

Data are provided in ASCII text files and JPEG image files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set combines various ancillary data (geolocation, surface roughness, and photographs) collected for the Iowa Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) study region. The geolocation files provide geographic coordinates for the SMEX02 test sites, study areas, and instrumentation. The surface roughness data are derived from photographs taken at representative watershed sampling locations. The photographs were taken in the field at various locations during the experiments.

Data are provided in ASCII text files and JPEG image files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set combines various ancillary data (geolocation, surface roughness, and photographs) collected for the Iowa Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) study region. The geolocation files provide geographic coordinates for the SMEX02 test sites, study areas, and instrumentation. The surface roughness data are derived from photographs taken at representative watershed sampling locations. The photographs were taken in the field at various locations during the experiments.

Data are provided in ASCII text files and JPEG image files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of land use classification data collected for the Iowa Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) study region. The land use classification image provides information about vegetation present in the study area. The classification is derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery and has a resolution of 30 meters. Data were collected on 14 May 2002, 1 July 2002, and 17 July 2002.

Data are provided in a flat binary file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of land use classification data collected for the Iowa Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) study region. The land use classification image provides information about vegetation present in the study area. The classification is derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery and has a resolution of 30 meters. Data were collected on 14 May 2002, 1 July 2002, and 17 July 2002.

Data are provided in a flat binary file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of land use classification data collected for the Iowa Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) study region. The land use classification image provides information about vegetation present in the study area. The classification is derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery and has a resolution of 30 meters. Data were collected on 14 May 2002, 1 July 2002, and 17 July 2002.

Data are provided in a flat binary file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) took place in Ames, Iowa USA between 25 June and 12 July 2002. The NASA Land Surface Hydrology Data Archive maintains an archive of soils and land cover characteristics for SMEX02. SMEX02 studies are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data specific to the SMEX02 study areas, and SMEX02 provided the unique opportunity to test microwave soil moisture retrieval over agricultural land cover. The Soils Database includes Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) shapefiles containing geographic information such as railroads, roads, and stream locations; drainage features; political boundaries; and soil classifications. Data for the following 10 Iowa counties are included in this data set: Boone, Dallas, Franklin, Hamilton, Hardin, Jasper, Marshall, Polk, Story, and Wright. These data were created by appending existing county digital soils data provided by the Iowa Cooperative Soil Survey (ICCS) and clipping them by the SMEX02 project area boundary; thus, the dates of data acquisition are highly variable. The entire data set is 293 MB. Data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) took place in Ames, Iowa USA between 25 June and 12 July 2002. The NASA Land Surface Hydrology Data Archive maintains an archive of soils and land cover characteristics for SMEX02. SMEX02 studies are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data specific to the SMEX02 study areas, and SMEX02 provided the unique opportunity to test microwave soil moisture retrieval over agricultural land cover. The Soils Database includes Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) shapefiles containing geographic information such as railroads, roads, and stream locations; drainage features; political boundaries; and soil classifications. Data for the following 10 Iowa counties are included in this data set: Boone, Dallas, Franklin, Hamilton, Hardin, Jasper, Marshall, Polk, Story, and Wright. These data were created by appending existing county digital soils data provided by the Iowa Cooperative Soil Survey (ICCS) and clipping them by the SMEX02 project area boundary; thus, the dates of data acquisition are highly variable. The entire data set is 293 MB. Data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) took place in Ames, Iowa USA between 25 June and 12 July 2002. The NASA Land Surface Hydrology Data Archive maintains an archive of soils and land cover characteristics for SMEX02. SMEX02 studies are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data specific to the SMEX02 study areas, and SMEX02 provided the unique opportunity to test microwave soil moisture retrieval over agricultural land cover. The Soils Database includes Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) shapefiles containing geographic information such as railroads, roads, and stream locations; drainage features; political boundaries; and soil classifications. Data for the following 10 Iowa counties are included in this data set: Boone, Dallas, Franklin, Hamilton, Hardin, Jasper, Marshall, Polk, Story, and Wright. These data were created by appending existing county digital soils data provided by the Iowa Cooperative Soil Survey (ICCS) and clipping them by the SMEX02 project area boundary; thus, the dates of data acquisition are highly variable. The entire data set is 293 MB. Data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of land surface brightness temperatures (T<sub>B</sub>s) derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) thermal bands. The Landsat data coincided with the SMEX02 campaign and were acquired once per day on 23 June, 1 July, 8 July, 16 July, and 17 July 2002 over the Walnut Creek watershed, Iowa, USA. The data collectively cover 41.69&deg; N to 42.73&deg; N and 93.16&deg; W to 93.84&deg; N. Landsat 7 ETM+ data have 60 m spatial resolution. Landsat 5 TM data have 30 m spatial resolution. The investigators used the MODTRAN 4.1 radiative transfer model to correct the original Level-1G radiances for atmospheric effects; then they converted radiances to TBs. Data are unsigned integer, band-interleaved-by-line (BIL), binary values, scaled by 100. Data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of land surface brightness temperatures (T<sub>B</sub>s) derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) thermal bands. The Landsat data coincided with the SMEX02 campaign and were acquired once per day on 23 June, 1 July, 8 July, 16 July, and 17 July 2002 over the Walnut Creek watershed, Iowa, USA. The data collectively cover 41.69&deg; N to 42.73&deg; N and 93.16&deg; W to 93.84&deg; N. Landsat 7 ETM+ data have 60 m spatial resolution. Landsat 5 TM data have 30 m spatial resolution. The investigators used the MODTRAN 4.1 radiative transfer model to correct the original Level-1G radiances for atmospheric effects; then they converted radiances to TBs. Data are unsigned integer, band-interleaved-by-line (BIL), binary values, scaled by 100. Data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of land surface brightness temperatures (T<sub>B</sub>s) derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) thermal bands. The Landsat data coincided with the SMEX02 campaign and were acquired once per day on 23 June, 1 July, 8 July, 16 July, and 17 July 2002 over the Walnut Creek watershed, Iowa, USA. The data collectively cover 41.69&deg; N to 42.73&deg; N and 93.16&deg; W to 93.84&deg; N. Landsat 7 ETM+ data have 60 m spatial resolution. Landsat 5 TM data have 30 m spatial resolution. The investigators used the MODTRAN 4.1 radiative transfer model to correct the original Level-1G radiances for atmospheric effects; then they converted radiances to TBs. Data are unsigned integer, band-interleaved-by-line (BIL), binary values, scaled by 100. Data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 and 7 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The images are the result of combining bands 4, 3, and 2 as red, green, and blue to generate false-color composites. This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the area of the Ames, Iowa, USA. One false-color image is provided for each day. Data are provided in Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF) formatted files and TIFF world files (TFW), and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 and 7 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The images are the result of combining bands 4, 3, and 2 as red, green, and blue to generate false-color composites. This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the area of the Ames, Iowa, USA. One false-color image is provided for each day. Data are provided in Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF) formatted files and TIFF world files (TFW), and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 and 7 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The images are the result of combining bands 4, 3, and 2 as red, green, and blue to generate false-color composites. This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the area of the Ames, Iowa, USA. One false-color image is provided for each day. Data are provided in Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF) formatted files and TIFF world files (TFW), and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains calibrated sensor measurements acquired by the Passive and Active L- and S-band (PALS) airborne microwave sensor during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02).   This data set includes radiometer brightness temperatures (TB) at 1.41 and 2.69 GHz, and radar backscatter coefficients at 1.26 and 3.15 GHz, with multiple polarizations and a 45&deg; incidence angle.  The data are geolocated with latitude and longitude information for each data sample.  Included are coregistered nadir and boresight infrared temperatures, altitude, and attitude information. Radar and radiometric studies are relevant to SMEX02 because the data indicates wet soil versus dry soil based on differences in emissivity in the microwave spectral region. 

 Data are provided as ASCII files for each flight line and day of the mission. Ten flight lines were flown each day.  Flights took place on June 25, 27, and July 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 2002. Data are available via FTP. 


These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains calibrated sensor measurements acquired by the Passive and Active L- and S-band (PALS) airborne microwave sensor during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02).   This data set includes radiometer brightness temperatures (TB) at 1.41 and 2.69 GHz, and radar backscatter coefficients at 1.26 and 3.15 GHz, with multiple polarizations and a 45&deg; incidence angle.  The data are geolocated with latitude and longitude information for each data sample.  Included are coregistered nadir and boresight infrared temperatures, altitude, and attitude information. Radar and radiometric studies are relevant to SMEX02 because the data indicates wet soil versus dry soil based on differences in emissivity in the microwave spectral region. 

 Data are provided as ASCII files for each flight line and day of the mission. Ten flight lines were flown each day.  Flights took place on June 25, 27, and July 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 2002. Data are available via FTP. 


These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains calibrated sensor measurements acquired by the Passive and Active L- and S-band (PALS) airborne microwave sensor during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02).   This data set includes radiometer brightness temperatures (TB) at 1.41 and 2.69 GHz, and radar backscatter coefficients at 1.26 and 3.15 GHz, with multiple polarizations and a 45&deg; incidence angle.  The data are geolocated with latitude and longitude information for each data sample.  Included are coregistered nadir and boresight infrared temperatures, altitude, and attitude information. Radar and radiometric studies are relevant to SMEX02 because the data indicates wet soil versus dry soil based on differences in emissivity in the microwave spectral region. 

 Data are provided as ASCII files for each flight line and day of the mission. Ten flight lines were flown each day.  Flights took place on June 25, 27, and July 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 2002. Data are available via FTP. 


These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) area of Iowa, USA, during June and August, 2002. The SeaWinds scatterometer on NASA's QuikScat satellite collected bacscatter data that can be used to infer vegetation and soil moisture. SeaWinds uses a rotating dish antenna with two spot beams that sweep in a circular pattern. The antenna radiates microwave pulses at a frequency of 13.4 gigahertz across broad regions on Earth's surface. Data are provided in binary arrays, digital images, and video (.avi) files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) area of Iowa, USA, during June and August, 2002. The SeaWinds scatterometer on NASA's QuikScat satellite collected bacscatter data that can be used to infer vegetation and soil moisture. SeaWinds uses a rotating dish antenna with two spot beams that sweep in a circular pattern. The antenna radiates microwave pulses at a frequency of 13.4 gigahertz across broad regions on Earth's surface. Data are provided in binary arrays, digital images, and video (.avi) files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) area of Iowa, USA, during June and August, 2002. The SeaWinds scatterometer on NASA's QuikScat satellite collected bacscatter data that can be used to infer vegetation and soil moisture. SeaWinds uses a rotating dish antenna with two spot beams that sweep in a circular pattern. The antenna radiates microwave pulses at a frequency of 13.4 gigahertz across broad regions on Earth's surface. Data are provided in binary arrays, digital images, and video (.avi) files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes hourly precipitation data taken at 20 rain gauge locations as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA.  Data were recorded every hour from 1 June through 19 August 2002 and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes hourly precipitation data taken at 20 rain gauge locations as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA.  Data were recorded every hour from 1 June through 19 August 2002 and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes hourly precipitation data taken at 20 rain gauge locations as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA.  Data were recorded every hour from 1 June through 19 August 2002 and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains the vegetation parameters plant height, row spacing, stand density, and leaf area index (LAI) as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The SMEX studies are designed to evaluate, among other things, the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data.

This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the SMEX02 Iowa regional area around Ames, Iowa, USA. LAI was measured by a plant canopy analyzer. The other parameters were measured manually.

Leaf area index (LAI) is the ratio of the total area of all leaves on a plant to the area of ground covered by the plant. Stand density is the number of plants in a meter length of a crop row. Plant height and row spacing data are given in meters.

Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains the vegetation parameters plant height, row spacing, stand density, and leaf area index (LAI) as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The SMEX studies are designed to evaluate, among other things, the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data.

This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the SMEX02 Iowa regional area around Ames, Iowa, USA. LAI was measured by a plant canopy analyzer. The other parameters were measured manually.

Leaf area index (LAI) is the ratio of the total area of all leaves on a plant to the area of ground covered by the plant. Stand density is the number of plants in a meter length of a crop row. Plant height and row spacing data are given in meters.

Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains the vegetation parameters plant height, row spacing, stand density, and leaf area index (LAI) as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The SMEX studies are designed to evaluate, among other things, the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data.

This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the SMEX02 Iowa regional area around Ames, Iowa, USA. LAI was measured by a plant canopy analyzer. The other parameters were measured manually.

Leaf area index (LAI) is the ratio of the total area of all leaves on a plant to the area of ground covered by the plant. Stand density is the number of plants in a meter length of a crop row. Plant height and row spacing data are given in meters.

Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes sliced soil core moisture data collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02), conducted during June and July 2002 in the Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA.  The study parameters include gravimetric soil moisture (GSM) and bulk soil density.  Data were collected manually at two corn and two soybean sites. Data are provided as ASCII text files. The same data are available in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. All data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes sliced soil core moisture data collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02), conducted during June and July 2002 in the Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA.  The study parameters include gravimetric soil moisture (GSM) and bulk soil density.  Data were collected manually at two corn and two soybean sites. Data are provided as ASCII text files. The same data are available in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. All data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes sliced soil core moisture data collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02), conducted during June and July 2002 in the Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA.  The study parameters include gravimetric soil moisture (GSM) and bulk soil density.  Data were collected manually at two corn and two soybean sites. Data are provided as ASCII text files. The same data are available in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. All data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains meteorological and flux data collected from 16 June 2002 through 09 July 2002 within the Walnut Creek watershed in central Iowa, USA. The data set includes eddy covariance and ancillary data measured from a variety of sensors mounted on meteorological towers in agricultural fields. The study was part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) and the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX), run by Canada's National Research Council (NRC). Parameters for this data set include net radiation, air and soil temperature, a variety of flux parameters, mean wind speed/direction, friction velocity, vapor pressure, and other meteorological parameters. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains meteorological and flux data collected from 16 June 2002 through 09 July 2002 within the Walnut Creek watershed in central Iowa, USA. The data set includes eddy covariance and ancillary data measured from a variety of sensors mounted on meteorological towers in agricultural fields. The study was part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) and the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX), run by Canada's National Research Council (NRC). Parameters for this data set include net radiation, air and soil temperature, a variety of flux parameters, mean wind speed/direction, friction velocity, vapor pressure, and other meteorological parameters. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains meteorological and flux data collected from 16 June 2002 through 09 July 2002 within the Walnut Creek watershed in central Iowa, USA. The data set includes eddy covariance and ancillary data measured from a variety of sensors mounted on meteorological towers in agricultural fields. The study was part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) and the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX), run by Canada's National Research Council (NRC). Parameters for this data set include net radiation, air and soil temperature, a variety of flux parameters, mean wind speed/direction, friction velocity, vapor pressure, and other meteorological parameters. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This work is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX) project. This data set provides data from various sensors on the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station number 2031, located near Ames, Iowa, USA. The data include: hourly and daily recordings of precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature.

The station houses numerous sensors that automatically record data. Sensors include: global precipitation sensor, thermistor, thin film capacitance-type sensor, anemometer, pyranometer, pressure sensor, and a frequency-shift dielectric measuring device. Units of measurement vary, depending on the type of sensor. Data are uploaded by meteor burst telemetry to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Data Processing Center in Portland, Oregon.

The NRCS has been operating this SCAN station since 23 September 2001, but this data set covers only the time period of interest to the Soil Moisture Experiments 2002 (SMEX02) campaign, 1 June 2002 through 31 August 2002. Data are available via FTP in two text files, one for hourly data, the other for daily data.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This work is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX) project. This data set provides data from various sensors on the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station number 2031, located near Ames, Iowa, USA. The data include: hourly and daily recordings of precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature.

The station houses numerous sensors that automatically record data. Sensors include: global precipitation sensor, thermistor, thin film capacitance-type sensor, anemometer, pyranometer, pressure sensor, and a frequency-shift dielectric measuring device. Units of measurement vary, depending on the type of sensor. Data are uploaded by meteor burst telemetry to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Data Processing Center in Portland, Oregon.

The NRCS has been operating this SCAN station since 23 September 2001, but this data set covers only the time period of interest to the Soil Moisture Experiments 2002 (SMEX02) campaign, 1 June 2002 through 31 August 2002. Data are available via FTP in two text files, one for hourly data, the other for daily data.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This work is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX) project. This data set provides data from various sensors on the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station number 2031, located near Ames, Iowa, USA. The data include: hourly and daily recordings of precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature.

The station houses numerous sensors that automatically record data. Sensors include: global precipitation sensor, thermistor, thin film capacitance-type sensor, anemometer, pyranometer, pressure sensor, and a frequency-shift dielectric measuring device. Units of measurement vary, depending on the type of sensor. Data are uploaded by meteor burst telemetry to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Data Processing Center in Portland, Oregon.

The NRCS has been operating this SCAN station since 23 September 2001, but this data set covers only the time period of interest to the Soil Moisture Experiments 2002 (SMEX02) campaign, 1 June 2002 through 31 August 2002. Data are available via FTP in two text files, one for hourly data, the other for daily data.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains rainfall, soil moisture, and soil temperature data collected for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The parameters measured are soil moisture, soil temperature, and rainfall. Soil moisture and temperature were measured at various depths: 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm.  

Data were collected in four fields, each containing two measurement sites called 'pit A' and 'pit B.' The study was conducted in the Walnut Creek watershed in south central Iowa, USA, during June and July 2002. Water content reflectometers (WCRs) measured soil moisture. Soil temperature probes (STPs) and averaging thermocouple (TCAV) probes measured soil temperature. A tipping bucket rain gauge measured rainfall.

Data are provided in ASCII text files and a Microsoft Excel file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains rainfall, soil moisture, and soil temperature data collected for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The parameters measured are soil moisture, soil temperature, and rainfall. Soil moisture and temperature were measured at various depths: 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm.  

Data were collected in four fields, each containing two measurement sites called 'pit A' and 'pit B.' The study was conducted in the Walnut Creek watershed in south central Iowa, USA, during June and July 2002. Water content reflectometers (WCRs) measured soil moisture. Soil temperature probes (STPs) and averaging thermocouple (TCAV) probes measured soil temperature. A tipping bucket rain gauge measured rainfall.

Data are provided in ASCII text files and a Microsoft Excel file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains rainfall, soil moisture, and soil temperature data collected for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The parameters measured are soil moisture, soil temperature, and rainfall. Soil moisture and temperature were measured at various depths: 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm.  

Data were collected in four fields, each containing two measurement sites called 'pit A' and 'pit B.' The study was conducted in the Walnut Creek watershed in south central Iowa, USA, during June and July 2002. Water content reflectometers (WCRs) measured soil moisture. Soil temperature probes (STPs) and averaging thermocouple (TCAV) probes measured soil temperature. A tipping bucket rain gauge measured rainfall.

Data are provided in ASCII text files and a Microsoft Excel file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements collected from flights conducted in June and July 2002 over the Walnut Creek watershed in central Iowa, USA. The study was part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) and the Soil Moisture-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX), run by Canada's National Research Council (NRC). The aircraft carried numerous sensors, and flew several flights per day along six tracks in the watershed area. Parameters for this data set include air pressure and temperature, dew point and radiometric temperature, greenness index, net radiation, CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration, wind direction and speed, heat flux, and ozone flux.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements collected from flights conducted in June and July 2002 over the Walnut Creek watershed in central Iowa, USA. The study was part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) and the Soil Moisture-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX), run by Canada's National Research Council (NRC). The aircraft carried numerous sensors, and flew several flights per day along six tracks in the watershed area. Parameters for this data set include air pressure and temperature, dew point and radiometric temperature, greenness index, net radiation, CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration, wind direction and speed, heat flux, and ozone flux.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements collected from flights conducted in June and July 2002 over the Walnut Creek watershed in central Iowa, USA. The study was part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) and the Soil Moisture-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX), run by Canada's National Research Council (NRC). The aircraft carried numerous sensors, and flew several flights per day along six tracks in the watershed area. Parameters for this data set include air pressure and temperature, dew point and radiometric temperature, greenness index, net radiation, CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration, wind direction and speed, heat flux, and ozone flux.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) is a seven-channel, four-frequency, linearly polarized passive microwave radiometric system. Data are brightness temperatures given by channel: 85.5 GHz, 37.0 GHz, 22.2 GHz, and 19.3 GHz. The study was conducted between 29 April and 13 July 2002 in the SMEX02 Iowa study area. Data are provided as ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) is a seven-channel, four-frequency, linearly polarized passive microwave radiometric system. Data are brightness temperatures given by channel: 85.5 GHz, 37.0 GHz, 22.2 GHz, and 19.3 GHz. The study was conducted between 29 April and 13 July 2002 in the SMEX02 Iowa study area. Data are provided as ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) is a seven-channel, four-frequency, linearly polarized passive microwave radiometric system. Data are brightness temperatures given by channel: 85.5 GHz, 37.0 GHz, 22.2 GHz, and 19.3 GHz. The study was conducted between 29 April and 13 July 2002 in the SMEX02 Iowa study area. Data are provided as ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes air temperature, vapor pressure, wind speed, and brightness temperatures taken at 12 flux towers as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the  Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA. The flux towers contained humidity and temperature probes, infrared thermometers, and anemometers. Data were recorded every 10 minutes from 06 June through 25 July 2002 and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes air temperature, vapor pressure, wind speed, and brightness temperatures taken at 12 flux towers as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the  Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA. The flux towers contained humidity and temperature probes, infrared thermometers, and anemometers. Data were recorded every 10 minutes from 06 June through 25 July 2002 and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes air temperature, vapor pressure, wind speed, and brightness temperatures taken at 12 flux towers as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the  Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA. The flux towers contained humidity and temperature probes, infrared thermometers, and anemometers. Data were recorded every 10 minutes from 06 June through 25 July 2002 and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is part of  the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) project, which is associated with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) validation project. It consists of Vegetation Water Content (VWC) data. VWC was derived from Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), which was derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) imagery. The TM satellite data were acquired during select dates in June and July 2002. These data cover the SMEX02 Walnut Creek watershed and the regional Iowa study areas in Iowa, USA. 

Data are provided as flat binary files and are available via FTP. Data must be divided by 25.5 to obtain the actual vegetation water content in kg/m<sup>3</sup>.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is part of  the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) project, which is associated with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) validation project. It consists of Vegetation Water Content (VWC) data. VWC was derived from Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), which was derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) imagery. The TM satellite data were acquired during select dates in June and July 2002. These data cover the SMEX02 Walnut Creek watershed and the regional Iowa study areas in Iowa, USA. 

Data are provided as flat binary files and are available via FTP. Data must be divided by 25.5 to obtain the actual vegetation water content in kg/m<sup>3</sup>.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is part of  the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) project, which is associated with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) validation project. It consists of Vegetation Water Content (VWC) data. VWC was derived from Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), which was derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) imagery. The TM satellite data were acquired during select dates in June and July 2002. These data cover the SMEX02 Walnut Creek watershed and the regional Iowa study areas in Iowa, USA. 

Data are provided as flat binary files and are available via FTP. Data must be divided by 25.5 to obtain the actual vegetation water content in kg/m<sup>3</sup>.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set combines data for several parameters measured for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The parameters include bulk density, gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, and surface and subsurface soil temperature. This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA. Data were collected in crop fields, using a variety of methods and sensors (manual soil samples for bulk density and gravimetric soil moisture data, infrared pyrometers for surface and subsurface soil temperature, and impedance probes for volumetric soil moisture). Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set combines data for several parameters measured for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The parameters include bulk density, gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, and surface and subsurface soil temperature. This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA. Data were collected in crop fields, using a variety of methods and sensors (manual soil samples for bulk density and gravimetric soil moisture data, infrared pyrometers for surface and subsurface soil temperature, and impedance probes for volumetric soil moisture). Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set combines data for several parameters measured for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The parameters include bulk density, gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, and surface and subsurface soil temperature. This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA. Data were collected in crop fields, using a variety of methods and sensors (manual soil samples for bulk density and gravimetric soil moisture data, infrared pyrometers for surface and subsurface soil temperature, and impedance probes for volumetric soil moisture). Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains the vegetation parameters stand density, plant height, phenological stage, ground cover, green and dry biomass, row spacing, stem and leaf water content, and leaf area index (LAI) as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The SMEX studies are designed to evaluate, among other things, the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data.
 This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the SMEX02 Iowa watershed area in Iowa, USA. LAI was measured by a plant canopy analyzer. The other parameters were measured manually. Digital photographs were taken of each location to record crop sampling location conditions.

LAI is the ratio of the total area of all leaves on a plant to the area of ground covered by the plant. Stand density is the number of plants in a meter length of a crop row. Plant height and row spacing data are given in meters.

Data are provided in ASCII text files and as a Microsoft Excel file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains the vegetation parameters stand density, plant height, phenological stage, ground cover, green and dry biomass, row spacing, stem and leaf water content, and leaf area index (LAI) as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The SMEX studies are designed to evaluate, among other things, the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data.
 This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the SMEX02 Iowa watershed area in Iowa, USA. LAI was measured by a plant canopy analyzer. The other parameters were measured manually. Digital photographs were taken of each location to record crop sampling location conditions.

LAI is the ratio of the total area of all leaves on a plant to the area of ground covered by the plant. Stand density is the number of plants in a meter length of a crop row. Plant height and row spacing data are given in meters.

Data are provided in ASCII text files and as a Microsoft Excel file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains the vegetation parameters stand density, plant height, phenological stage, ground cover, green and dry biomass, row spacing, stem and leaf water content, and leaf area index (LAI) as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The SMEX studies are designed to evaluate, among other things, the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data.
 This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the SMEX02 Iowa watershed area in Iowa, USA. LAI was measured by a plant canopy analyzer. The other parameters were measured manually. Digital photographs were taken of each location to record crop sampling location conditions.

LAI is the ratio of the total area of all leaves on a plant to the area of ground covered by the plant. Stand density is the number of plants in a meter length of a crop row. Plant height and row spacing data are given in meters.

Data are provided in ASCII text files and as a Microsoft Excel file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains several parameters measured for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The parameters include soil moisture, temperature, conductivity, and salinity. This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA. Data were collected in crop fields, using a network of Vitel Hydra Probes that were located near the flux towers installed in the study area. Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains several parameters measured for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The parameters include soil moisture, temperature, conductivity, and salinity. This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA. Data were collected in crop fields, using a network of Vitel Hydra Probes that were located near the flux towers installed in the study area. Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains several parameters measured for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). The parameters include soil moisture, temperature, conductivity, and salinity. This study was conducted during June and July 2002 in the Walnut Creek watershed in south-central Iowa, USA. Data were collected in crop fields, using a network of Vitel Hydra Probes that were located near the flux towers installed in the study area. Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals reflected from the Earths surface and collected on an airborne platform. The measurements were taken over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) regional study areas of Brazil and Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA. The primary objective was to collect land reflections for sensitivity of the reflected GPS power to temporal and spatial soil moisture and foliage attenuation. The measurements are a form of bistatic radar and can be used to estimate the surface scattering coefficient, such as roughness and/or dielectric properties, as well as path delays between the direct and reflected GPS signals. Scattering coefficients can then be used to estimate changes in surface soil moisture. The reflections collected were from agricultural land in Brazil, Alabama, and Georgia, along with grassland in Oklahoma. Data were collected on 24, 25, 27, 30 June 2003 and 2, 3, 5, 7, 12-15, 17, 18 July 2003.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals reflected from the Earths surface and collected on an airborne platform. The measurements were taken over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) regional study areas of Brazil and Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA. The primary objective was to collect land reflections for sensitivity of the reflected GPS power to temporal and spatial soil moisture and foliage attenuation. The measurements are a form of bistatic radar and can be used to estimate the surface scattering coefficient, such as roughness and/or dielectric properties, as well as path delays between the direct and reflected GPS signals. Scattering coefficients can then be used to estimate changes in surface soil moisture. The reflections collected were from agricultural land in Brazil, Alabama, and Georgia, along with grassland in Oklahoma. Data were collected on 24, 25, 27, 30 June 2003 and 2, 3, 5, 7, 12-15, 17, 18 July 2003.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals reflected from the Earths surface and collected on an airborne platform. The measurements were taken over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) regional study areas of Brazil and Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA. The primary objective was to collect land reflections for sensitivity of the reflected GPS power to temporal and spatial soil moisture and foliage attenuation. The measurements are a form of bistatic radar and can be used to estimate the surface scattering coefficient, such as roughness and/or dielectric properties, as well as path delays between the direct and reflected GPS signals. Scattering coefficients can then be used to estimate changes in surface soil moisture. The reflections collected were from agricultural land in Brazil, Alabama, and Georgia, along with grassland in Oklahoma. Data were collected on 24, 25, 27, 30 June 2003 and 2, 3, 5, 7, 12-15, 17, 18 July 2003.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) is an airborne microwave imaging radiometer developed and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Technology Laboratory. This data set includes brightness temperature data for the C-band and X-band. Measurements were taken 25 June through 17 July 2003 in regional areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA and the Little Washita Watershed of Oklahoma, USA during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The PSR/CX band radiometer is similar to the low-frequency channels of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometers (AMSR-E) on the NASA Aqua satellite. The radiometer operates at vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarizations. Data are provided in ASCII text files and available from via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) is an airborne microwave imaging radiometer developed and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Technology Laboratory. This data set includes brightness temperature data for the C-band and X-band. Measurements were taken 25 June through 17 July 2003 in regional areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA and the Little Washita Watershed of Oklahoma, USA during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The PSR/CX band radiometer is similar to the low-frequency channels of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometers (AMSR-E) on the NASA Aqua satellite. The radiometer operates at vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarizations. Data are provided in ASCII text files and available from via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) is an airborne microwave imaging radiometer developed and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Technology Laboratory. This data set includes brightness temperature data for the C-band and X-band. Measurements were taken 25 June through 17 July 2003 in regional areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA and the Little Washita Watershed of Oklahoma, USA during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The PSR/CX band radiometer is similar to the low-frequency channels of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometers (AMSR-E) on the NASA Aqua satellite. The radiometer operates at vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarizations. Data are provided in ASCII text files and available from via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes soil moisture, precipitation, and soil temperature data measured during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03), conducted during June and July 2003 in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA.  The output parameters include precipitation as well as soil temperatures and volumetric soil moisture at depths of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 100 cm. Data were collected at crop, pasture, and forested sites located within the Alabama MesoNet (ALMNet) network. ALMNet is operated by the Soil Climatology and Remote Sensing Center (HSCaRS) of Alabama A&M University and is part of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) network. Data are provided in an Excel spreadsheet and an ASCII text file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes soil moisture, precipitation, and soil temperature data measured during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03), conducted during June and July 2003 in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA.  The output parameters include precipitation as well as soil temperatures and volumetric soil moisture at depths of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 100 cm. Data were collected at crop, pasture, and forested sites located within the Alabama MesoNet (ALMNet) network. ALMNet is operated by the Soil Climatology and Remote Sensing Center (HSCaRS) of Alabama A&M University and is part of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) network. Data are provided in an Excel spreadsheet and an ASCII text file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes soil moisture, precipitation, and soil temperature data measured during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03), conducted during June and July 2003 in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA.  The output parameters include precipitation as well as soil temperatures and volumetric soil moisture at depths of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 100 cm. Data were collected at crop, pasture, and forested sites located within the Alabama MesoNet (ALMNet) network. ALMNet is operated by the Soil Climatology and Remote Sensing Center (HSCaRS) of Alabama A&M University and is part of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) network. Data are provided in an Excel spreadsheet and an ASCII text file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Level-3 daily measurements of surface soil moisture and vegetation/roughness water content interpretive information, as well as brightness temperatures and quality control variables. Ancillary data include time, geolocation, and quality assessment. Input brightness temperature data, corresponding to a 56 km mean spatial resolution, are resampled to a global cylindrical 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid) cell spacing. Data have been spatially subsetted to the SMEX03 study areas in Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA and Brazil. The study period covers 1 April to 31 August 2003 for study areas in the USA and 6 November to 31 December 2003 for the Brazil study area. Total volume for this data set is approximately 70 MB. Data are stored in HDF-EOS format and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Level-3 daily measurements of surface soil moisture and vegetation/roughness water content interpretive information, as well as brightness temperatures and quality control variables. Ancillary data include time, geolocation, and quality assessment. Input brightness temperature data, corresponding to a 56 km mean spatial resolution, are resampled to a global cylindrical 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid) cell spacing. Data have been spatially subsetted to the SMEX03 study areas in Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA and Brazil. The study period covers 1 April to 31 August 2003 for study areas in the USA and 6 November to 31 December 2003 for the Brazil study area. Total volume for this data set is approximately 70 MB. Data are stored in HDF-EOS format and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Level-3 daily measurements of surface soil moisture and vegetation/roughness water content interpretive information, as well as brightness temperatures and quality control variables. Ancillary data include time, geolocation, and quality assessment. Input brightness temperature data, corresponding to a 56 km mean spatial resolution, are resampled to a global cylindrical 25 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid) cell spacing. Data have been spatially subsetted to the SMEX03 study areas in Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA and Brazil. The study period covers 1 April to 31 August 2003 for study areas in the USA and 6 November to 31 December 2003 for the Brazil study area. Total volume for this data set is approximately 70 MB. Data are stored in HDF-EOS format and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The SMEX03 Ancillary Soil Characteristics data set contains data for the regional study areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA as part of the 2003 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX03). The original data were extracted from a multi-layer soil characteristics database for the conterminous United States and generated using Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcMap software for each regional study area. Parameters for this data set include available water capacity, bulk density, permeability, porosity, rock fragment class, rock fragment volume, percent sand, percent clay, and texture class. The temporal coverage is approximate, as these data are representative of the conditions present in each regional study area during the general timeline of the SMEX03 campaign. The total volume for these data sets is approximately 2.8 gigabytes. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The SMEX03 Ancillary Soil Characteristics data set contains data for the regional study areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA as part of the 2003 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX03). The original data were extracted from a multi-layer soil characteristics database for the conterminous United States and generated using Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcMap software for each regional study area. Parameters for this data set include available water capacity, bulk density, permeability, porosity, rock fragment class, rock fragment volume, percent sand, percent clay, and texture class. The temporal coverage is approximate, as these data are representative of the conditions present in each regional study area during the general timeline of the SMEX03 campaign. The total volume for these data sets is approximately 2.8 gigabytes. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The SMEX03 Ancillary Soil Characteristics data set contains data for the regional study areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA as part of the 2003 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX03). The original data were extracted from a multi-layer soil characteristics database for the conterminous United States and generated using Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcMap software for each regional study area. Parameters for this data set include available water capacity, bulk density, permeability, porosity, rock fragment class, rock fragment volume, percent sand, percent clay, and texture class. The temporal coverage is approximate, as these data are representative of the conditions present in each regional study area during the general timeline of the SMEX03 campaign. The total volume for these data sets is approximately 2.8 gigabytes. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
As part of the Soil Moisture Experiments 2003 (SMEX03), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images for 02 July 2003 and 18 July 2003 were acquired. For each day, five ASTER Level-1B scenes were mosaicked for the Oklahoma North and Oklahoma South, USA regional study areas. The data include three Visible and Near-infrared (VNIR) bands with a spatial resolution of 15 m, six Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands with a spatial resolution of 30 m, and five Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands with a spatial resolution of 90 m. The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
As part of the Soil Moisture Experiments 2003 (SMEX03), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images for 02 July 2003 and 18 July 2003 were acquired. For each day, five ASTER Level-1B scenes were mosaicked for the Oklahoma North and Oklahoma South, USA regional study areas. The data include three Visible and Near-infrared (VNIR) bands with a spatial resolution of 15 m, six Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands with a spatial resolution of 30 m, and five Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands with a spatial resolution of 90 m. The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
As part of the Soil Moisture Experiments 2003 (SMEX03), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images for 02 July 2003 and 18 July 2003 were acquired. For each day, five ASTER Level-1B scenes were mosaicked for the Oklahoma North and Oklahoma South, USA regional study areas. The data include three Visible and Near-infrared (VNIR) bands with a spatial resolution of 15 m, six Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands with a spatial resolution of 30 m, and five Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands with a spatial resolution of 90 m. The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of observations of atmospheric parameters including spectral aerosol optical depths, precipitable water, sky radiance distributions and aerosol volume, and particle size distribution. Data were collected by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program, a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks composed of automatic sun and sky scanning radiometers. AERONET's goal is to assess aerosol optical properties and validate satellite data. The study site was in the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) area of Oklahoma, USA for the period from 20 June to 19 July 2003.

A sun photometer was set up within the Oklahoma South study area for the collection of aerosol optical properties throughout the course of the SMEX02 field campaign. Three levels of data are available: Level 1.0 (unscreened), Level 1.5 (cloud-screened), and Level 2.0 (cloud-screened and quality-assured). 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of observations of atmospheric parameters including spectral aerosol optical depths, precipitable water, sky radiance distributions and aerosol volume, and particle size distribution. Data were collected by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program, a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks composed of automatic sun and sky scanning radiometers. AERONET's goal is to assess aerosol optical properties and validate satellite data. The study site was in the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) area of Oklahoma, USA for the period from 20 June to 19 July 2003.

A sun photometer was set up within the Oklahoma South study area for the collection of aerosol optical properties throughout the course of the SMEX02 field campaign. Three levels of data are available: Level 1.0 (unscreened), Level 1.5 (cloud-screened), and Level 2.0 (cloud-screened and quality-assured). 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of observations of atmospheric parameters including spectral aerosol optical depths, precipitable water, sky radiance distributions and aerosol volume, and particle size distribution. Data were collected by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program, a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks composed of automatic sun and sky scanning radiometers. AERONET's goal is to assess aerosol optical properties and validate satellite data. The study site was in the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) area of Oklahoma, USA for the period from 20 June to 19 July 2003.

A sun photometer was set up within the Oklahoma South study area for the collection of aerosol optical properties throughout the course of the SMEX02 field campaign. Three levels of data are available: Level 1.0 (unscreened), Level 1.5 (cloud-screened), and Level 2.0 (cloud-screened and quality-assured). 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is comprised of browse images acquired over the regional study areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma USA as part of the 2003 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX03). The experiment was conducted from March through July 2003 via the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instrument on board the European Space Agency's (ESA) Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT). Cross-polarized C-band ASAR images were acquired in order to obtain a backscatter coefficient measurement over a range of natural vegetation types. However, the images provided here are only browse images and therefore cannot be used to derive backscatter coefficient values. Researchers interested in backscatter coefficient values must obtain the ASAR data. The total volume for this combined data set is approximately 65 megabytes. Data are available via FTP and are provided as JPEG image files and JGW georeference files. Also included and available via FTP are the following types of header files: HAN files, ASCII text files, and INI files.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is comprised of browse images acquired over the regional study areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma USA as part of the 2003 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX03). The experiment was conducted from March through July 2003 via the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instrument on board the European Space Agency's (ESA) Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT). Cross-polarized C-band ASAR images were acquired in order to obtain a backscatter coefficient measurement over a range of natural vegetation types. However, the images provided here are only browse images and therefore cannot be used to derive backscatter coefficient values. Researchers interested in backscatter coefficient values must obtain the ASAR data. The total volume for this combined data set is approximately 65 megabytes. Data are available via FTP and are provided as JPEG image files and JGW georeference files. Also included and available via FTP are the following types of header files: HAN files, ASCII text files, and INI files.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is comprised of browse images acquired over the regional study areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma USA as part of the 2003 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX03). The experiment was conducted from March through July 2003 via the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instrument on board the European Space Agency's (ESA) Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT). Cross-polarized C-band ASAR images were acquired in order to obtain a backscatter coefficient measurement over a range of natural vegetation types. However, the images provided here are only browse images and therefore cannot be used to derive backscatter coefficient values. Researchers interested in backscatter coefficient values must obtain the ASAR data. The total volume for this combined data set is approximately 65 megabytes. Data are available via FTP and are provided as JPEG image files and JGW georeference files. Also included and available via FTP are the following types of header files: HAN files, ASCII text files, and INI files.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This ancillary data set consists of geographic coordinates for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Geolocation information is provided for SMEX03 rainfall network and gravimetric sampling locations conducted in the regional study area of Georgia, USA. Geolocation information is also provided for rain gauge sites in the Little River (LR) micronet located within the state of Georgia. Coordinates were obtained 1 July 2003 using Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. The volume of the data set is approximately 30 kilobytes.  Data are provided in one tab-delimited ASCII text file and one Microsoft Excel file, and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This ancillary data set consists of geographic coordinates for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Geolocation information is provided for SMEX03 rainfall network and gravimetric sampling locations conducted in the regional study area of Georgia, USA. Geolocation information is also provided for rain gauge sites in the Little River (LR) micronet located within the state of Georgia. Coordinates were obtained 1 July 2003 using Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. The volume of the data set is approximately 30 kilobytes.  Data are provided in one tab-delimited ASCII text file and one Microsoft Excel file, and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This ancillary data set consists of geographic coordinates for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Geolocation information is provided for SMEX03 rainfall network and gravimetric sampling locations conducted in the regional study area of Georgia, USA. Geolocation information is also provided for rain gauge sites in the Little River (LR) micronet located within the state of Georgia. Coordinates were obtained 1 July 2003 using Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. The volume of the data set is approximately 30 kilobytes.  Data are provided in one tab-delimited ASCII text file and one Microsoft Excel file, and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This ancillary data set consists of geographic coordinates for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). In all, fourteen sets of geolocation data are provided for instrumentation and test sites in the SMEX03 North American regional study area of Oklahoma, USA. These geolocation data were acquired during June and July 2003 from a variety of sources, including Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, field Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, and aircraft navigation records. The volume of the data set is approximately 129 kilobytes. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This ancillary data set consists of geographic coordinates for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). In all, fourteen sets of geolocation data are provided for instrumentation and test sites in the SMEX03 North American regional study area of Oklahoma, USA. These geolocation data were acquired during June and July 2003 from a variety of sources, including Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, field Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, and aircraft navigation records. The volume of the data set is approximately 129 kilobytes. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This ancillary data set consists of geographic coordinates for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). In all, fourteen sets of geolocation data are provided for instrumentation and test sites in the SMEX03 North American regional study area of Oklahoma, USA. These geolocation data were acquired during June and July 2003 from a variety of sources, including Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, field Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, and aircraft navigation records. The volume of the data set is approximately 129 kilobytes. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is a subset of data acquired from the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD). The NLCD is comprised of Landsat data collected during 2001 that are representative of the land cover conditions present in the Georgia, USA regional study area during the Soil Moisture Experiment of 2003 (SMEX03). The data were exported from NLCD 2001 with Environmental Research Systems Institute (ESRI) ArcMap software and are provided in one ASCII text file. The volume of the data file is approximately 19 megabytes, and the file is available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is a subset of data acquired from the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD). The NLCD is comprised of Landsat data collected during 2001 that are representative of the land cover conditions present in the Georgia, USA regional study area during the Soil Moisture Experiment of 2003 (SMEX03). The data were exported from NLCD 2001 with Environmental Research Systems Institute (ESRI) ArcMap software and are provided in one ASCII text file. The volume of the data file is approximately 19 megabytes, and the file is available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is a subset of data acquired from the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD). The NLCD is comprised of Landsat data collected during 2001 that are representative of the land cover conditions present in the Georgia, USA regional study area during the Soil Moisture Experiment of 2003 (SMEX03). The data were exported from NLCD 2001 with Environmental Research Systems Institute (ESRI) ArcMap software and are provided in one ASCII text file. The volume of the data file is approximately 19 megabytes, and the file is available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of land use classification data derived from Landsat 5 data for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery of the Oklahoma, USA SMEX03 study area was retrieved for 10 July 2003 and classified using in situ data collected by sampling teams. High accuracy was achieved with respect to a test data set, and high qualitative accuracy was achieved when comparing the land cover to classification for the Southern Great Plains Experiments of 1997 and 1999, all of which took place in the same region. The land use classification image provides information about vegetation present in the study area at a resolution of 30 meters. Also included is a Microsoft Excel file listing the initial surface conditions for two sampling sites in Oklahoma: Oklahoma South (OS) and Little Washita (LW). The volume of the data set is approximately 97 megabytes. Data are provided in a flat binary file, header file, and a spreadsheet file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of land use classification data derived from Landsat 5 data for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery of the Oklahoma, USA SMEX03 study area was retrieved for 10 July 2003 and classified using in situ data collected by sampling teams. High accuracy was achieved with respect to a test data set, and high qualitative accuracy was achieved when comparing the land cover to classification for the Southern Great Plains Experiments of 1997 and 1999, all of which took place in the same region. The land use classification image provides information about vegetation present in the study area at a resolution of 30 meters. Also included is a Microsoft Excel file listing the initial surface conditions for two sampling sites in Oklahoma: Oklahoma South (OS) and Little Washita (LW). The volume of the data set is approximately 97 megabytes. Data are provided in a flat binary file, header file, and a spreadsheet file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set consists of land use classification data derived from Landsat 5 data for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery of the Oklahoma, USA SMEX03 study area was retrieved for 10 July 2003 and classified using in situ data collected by sampling teams. High accuracy was achieved with respect to a test data set, and high qualitative accuracy was achieved when comparing the land cover to classification for the Southern Great Plains Experiments of 1997 and 1999, all of which took place in the same region. The land use classification image provides information about vegetation present in the study area at a resolution of 30 meters. Also included is a Microsoft Excel file listing the initial surface conditions for two sampling sites in Oklahoma: Oklahoma South (OS) and Little Washita (LW). The volume of the data set is approximately 97 megabytes. Data are provided in a flat binary file, header file, and a spreadsheet file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03).  Three false color images are provided for the regional study areas in Huntsville, Alabama, USA for 7 July 2002 (eastern portion) and 23 June 2003 (western portion).  The images are the result of combining bands 2, 3, and 4 as blue, green, and red to generate false color composites.  Data are provided in GeoTIFF formatted files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03).  Three false color images are provided for the regional study areas in Huntsville, Alabama, USA for 7 July 2002 (eastern portion) and 23 June 2003 (western portion).  The images are the result of combining bands 2, 3, and 4 as blue, green, and red to generate false color composites.  Data are provided in GeoTIFF formatted files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03).  Three false color images are provided for the regional study areas in Huntsville, Alabama, USA for 7 July 2002 (eastern portion) and 23 June 2003 (western portion).  The images are the result of combining bands 2, 3, and 4 as blue, green, and red to generate false color composites.  Data are provided in GeoTIFF formatted files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). One false color image is provided for the regional study areas northwest of Tifton, Georgia, USA for 20 July 2003. The image is the result of combining bands 2, 3, and 4 as blue, green, and red to generate false color composites. Data are provided in GeoTIFF formatted files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). One false color image is provided for the regional study areas northwest of Tifton, Georgia, USA for 20 July 2003. The image is the result of combining bands 2, 3, and 4 as blue, green, and red to generate false color composites. Data are provided in GeoTIFF formatted files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). One false color image is provided for the regional study areas northwest of Tifton, Georgia, USA for 20 July 2003. The image is the result of combining bands 2, 3, and 4 as blue, green, and red to generate false color composites. Data are provided in GeoTIFF formatted files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03).  Three false color images are provided for the regional study areas north and south of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA for 13 April, 29 April, and 10 July 2003.  The images are the result of combining bands 2, 3, and 4 as blue, green, and red to generate false color composites.  Data are provided in GeoTIFF formatted files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03).  Three false color images are provided for the regional study areas north and south of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA for 13 April, 29 April, and 10 July 2003.  The images are the result of combining bands 2, 3, and 4 as blue, green, and red to generate false color composites.  Data are provided in GeoTIFF formatted files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03).  Three false color images are provided for the regional study areas north and south of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA for 13 April, 29 April, and 10 July 2003.  The images are the result of combining bands 2, 3, and 4 as blue, green, and red to generate false color composites.  Data are provided in GeoTIFF formatted files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data set was developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Data acquired on 20 July 2003 were used to create large-scale maps of the NDVI and NDWI for both northern and southern Georgia, USA regional study areas in order to accurately estimate the surface soil moisture via microwave remote sensing. These data are uncorrected for the atmosphere and should not be compared to long term data records of vegetation. Data are in flat, four-byte binary format and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data set was developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Data acquired on 20 July 2003 were used to create large-scale maps of the NDVI and NDWI for both northern and southern Georgia, USA regional study areas in order to accurately estimate the surface soil moisture via microwave remote sensing. These data are uncorrected for the atmosphere and should not be compared to long term data records of vegetation. Data are in flat, four-byte binary format and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data set was developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Data acquired on 20 July 2003 were used to create large-scale maps of the NDVI and NDWI for both northern and southern Georgia, USA regional study areas in order to accurately estimate the surface soil moisture via microwave remote sensing. These data are uncorrected for the atmosphere and should not be compared to long term data records of vegetation. Data are in flat, four-byte binary format and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data set was developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Data acquired on 10 July 2003 were used to create large-scale maps of the NDVI and NDWI for both northern and southern Oklahoma, USA regional study areas in order to accurately estimate the surface soil moisture via microwave remote sensing. Data are in flat, 8-bit binary format and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data set was developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Data acquired on 10 July 2003 were used to create large-scale maps of the NDVI and NDWI for both northern and southern Oklahoma, USA regional study areas in order to accurately estimate the surface soil moisture via microwave remote sensing. Data are in flat, 8-bit binary format and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data set was developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Data acquired on 10 July 2003 were used to create large-scale maps of the NDVI and NDWI for both northern and southern Oklahoma, USA regional study areas in order to accurately estimate the surface soil moisture via microwave remote sensing. Data are in flat, 8-bit binary format and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Parameters for this data set include precipitation, soil temperature, volumetric soil moisture, soil conductivity, and soil salinity measured in the Little River Watershed (LRW) Micronet regional study areas of southeastern Georgia, USA. Data for this study were collected from 01 May 2003 through 31 August 2003 using in situ soil moisture sensors at depths of 2, 8, and 12 inches in addition to tipping bucket rain gauges as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). These data are provided in ASCII comma-delimited text format and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Parameters for this data set include precipitation, soil temperature, volumetric soil moisture, soil conductivity, and soil salinity measured in the Little River Watershed (LRW) Micronet regional study areas of southeastern Georgia, USA. Data for this study were collected from 01 May 2003 through 31 August 2003 using in situ soil moisture sensors at depths of 2, 8, and 12 inches in addition to tipping bucket rain gauges as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). These data are provided in ASCII comma-delimited text format and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Parameters for this data set include precipitation, soil temperature, volumetric soil moisture, soil conductivity, and soil salinity measured in the Little River Watershed (LRW) Micronet regional study areas of southeastern Georgia, USA. Data for this study were collected from 01 May 2003 through 31 August 2003 using in situ soil moisture sensors at depths of 2, 8, and 12 inches in addition to tipping bucket rain gauges as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). These data are provided in ASCII comma-delimited text format and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains volumetric soil moisture, soil temperature, soil conductivity, soil salinity, and surface temperature data collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The data were collected from 1 June 2003 to 31 August 2003 using in situ soil moisture sensors and radiometric surface temperature sensors in the Little Washita Creek Watershed in southwestern Oklahoma, USA. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 4 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains volumetric soil moisture, soil temperature, soil conductivity, soil salinity, and surface temperature data collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The data were collected from 1 June 2003 to 31 August 2003 using in situ soil moisture sensors and radiometric surface temperature sensors in the Little Washita Creek Watershed in southwestern Oklahoma, USA. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 4 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains volumetric soil moisture, soil temperature, soil conductivity, soil salinity, and surface temperature data collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The data were collected from 1 June 2003 to 31 August 2003 using in situ soil moisture sensors and radiometric surface temperature sensors in the Little Washita Creek Watershed in southwestern Oklahoma, USA. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 4 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA during May to August 2003, and Brazil during November to December 2003. The SeaWinds scatterometer on NASA's Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite collected backscatter data. Data are provided in Brigham Young University - Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (BYU-MERS) Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) images and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA during May to August 2003, and Brazil during November to December 2003. The SeaWinds scatterometer on NASA's Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite collected backscatter data. Data are provided in Brigham Young University - Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (BYU-MERS) Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) images and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA during May to August 2003, and Brazil during November to December 2003. The SeaWinds scatterometer on NASA's Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite collected backscatter data. Data are provided in Brigham Young University - Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (BYU-MERS) Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) images and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains five-minute precipitation data collected throughout 2003 at various rain gauge sites in the Little River (LR) micronet located in Georgia, USA. Data were collected for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) by researchers at the Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory (SEWRL) using Vitel rain gauges. The volume of the data set is approximately 1.4 megabytes. Data are in ASCII text format and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains five-minute precipitation data collected throughout 2003 at various rain gauge sites in the Little River (LR) micronet located in Georgia, USA. Data were collected for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) by researchers at the Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory (SEWRL) using Vitel rain gauges. The volume of the data set is approximately 1.4 megabytes. Data are in ASCII text format and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains five-minute precipitation data collected throughout 2003 at various rain gauge sites in the Little River (LR) micronet located in Georgia, USA. Data were collected for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) by researchers at the Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory (SEWRL) using Vitel rain gauges. The volume of the data set is approximately 1.4 megabytes. Data are in ASCII text format and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set comprises gravimetric soil moisture and soil bulk density data collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03), which was conducted during June and July of 2003 in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA. Data were collected at crop, pasture, and forested sites at depths of 0-3 and 3-6 cm. Data are provided in ASCII text and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set comprises gravimetric soil moisture and soil bulk density data collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03), which was conducted during June and July of 2003 in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA. Data were collected at crop, pasture, and forested sites at depths of 0-3 and 3-6 cm. Data are provided in ASCII text and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set comprises gravimetric soil moisture and soil bulk density data collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03), which was conducted during June and July of 2003 in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA. Data were collected at crop, pasture, and forested sites at depths of 0-3 and 3-6 cm. Data are provided in ASCII text and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The parameters for this data set include gravimetric soil moisture, volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, and surface and soil temperature for the Georgia study region. This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The United States portion of SMEX03 was conducted during June and July, 2003. Data are provided in a tab-delimited ASCII text file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The parameters for this data set include gravimetric soil moisture, volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, and surface and soil temperature for the Georgia study region. This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The United States portion of SMEX03 was conducted during June and July, 2003. Data are provided in a tab-delimited ASCII text file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The parameters for this data set include gravimetric soil moisture, volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, and surface and soil temperature for the Georgia study region. This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The United States portion of SMEX03 was conducted during June and July, 2003. Data are provided in a tab-delimited ASCII text file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The parameters for this data set include gravimetric soil moisture, volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, and surface and soil temperature for the Oklahoma study region. Summary files containing field averages are also provided. This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The United States portion of SMEX03 was conducted during June and July of 2003; the Oklahoma data was collected from 2 to 17 July 2003. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The parameters for this data set include gravimetric soil moisture, volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, and surface and soil temperature for the Oklahoma study region. Summary files containing field averages are also provided. This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The United States portion of SMEX03 was conducted during June and July of 2003; the Oklahoma data was collected from 2 to 17 July 2003. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The parameters for this data set include gravimetric soil moisture, volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, and surface and soil temperature for the Oklahoma study region. Summary files containing field averages are also provided. This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The United States portion of SMEX03 was conducted during June and July of 2003; the Oklahoma data was collected from 2 to 17 July 2003. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The <em>SMEX03 Site Photographs</em> data set includes photographs of the regional study areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA as part of the 2003 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX03). The photographs were taken in the field at various locations during the SMEX03 campaign from June 2003 to July 2003. This collection of images is intended to be a visual aid to investigators of the SMEX03 data sets, as they display the conditions to present during the SMEX03 USA campaign. The total volume for this data set is approximately 320 megabytes. The photographs are provided in JPEG image files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The <em>SMEX03 Site Photographs</em> data set includes photographs of the regional study areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA as part of the 2003 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX03). The photographs were taken in the field at various locations during the SMEX03 campaign from June 2003 to July 2003. This collection of images is intended to be a visual aid to investigators of the SMEX03 data sets, as they display the conditions to present during the SMEX03 USA campaign. The total volume for this data set is approximately 320 megabytes. The photographs are provided in JPEG image files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The <em>SMEX03 Site Photographs</em> data set includes photographs of the regional study areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA as part of the 2003 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX03). The photographs were taken in the field at various locations during the SMEX03 campaign from June 2003 to July 2003. This collection of images is intended to be a visual aid to investigators of the SMEX03 data sets, as they display the conditions to present during the SMEX03 USA campaign. The total volume for this data set is approximately 320 megabytes. The photographs are provided in JPEG image files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) from 1 June 2003 to 31 July 2003 from sensors at 10 Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) stations located in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA. Parameters measured include Precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil salinity, and soil dielectric constant. Data are provided as tab-delimited ASCII text and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) from 1 June 2003 to 31 July 2003 from sensors at 10 Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) stations located in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA. Parameters measured include Precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil salinity, and soil dielectric constant. Data are provided as tab-delimited ASCII text and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) from 1 June 2003 to 31 July 2003 from sensors at 10 Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) stations located in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA. Parameters measured include Precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil salinity, and soil dielectric constant. Data are provided as tab-delimited ASCII text and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) from 1 June 2003 to 31 July 2003 from sensors at the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station located in Little River, GA, USA. Parameters measured include precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil salinity. Data are provided as tab-delimited ASCII text and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) from 1 June 2003 to 31 July 2003 from sensors at the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station located in Little River, GA, USA. Parameters measured include precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil salinity. Data are provided as tab-delimited ASCII text and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) from 1 June 2003 to 31 July 2003 from sensors at the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station located in Little River, GA, USA. Parameters measured include precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil salinity. Data are provided as tab-delimited ASCII text and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) from 1 June 2003 to 31 July 2003 from sensors at Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) stations located in Fort Reno and Little Washita, OK, USA. Parameters measured include precipitation, barometric pressure, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil dielectric constant, and soil salinity. Data are provided as tab-delimited ASCII text and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) from 1 June 2003 to 31 July 2003 from sensors at Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) stations located in Fort Reno and Little Washita, OK, USA. Parameters measured include precipitation, barometric pressure, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil dielectric constant, and soil salinity. Data are provided as tab-delimited ASCII text and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) from 1 June 2003 to 31 July 2003 from sensors at Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) stations located in Fort Reno and Little Washita, OK, USA. Parameters measured include precipitation, barometric pressure, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil dielectric constant, and soil salinity. Data are provided as tab-delimited ASCII text and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This ancillary data file provides soil texture classes for Soil Climate and Analysis (SCAN) sites in northern Alabama, USA associated with the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Soil texture measurements were obtained for the top layer of the soil at eight United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) SCAN sites during June and July 2003. Data are provided in a single 1 KB ASCII text file and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This ancillary data file provides soil texture classes for Soil Climate and Analysis (SCAN) sites in northern Alabama, USA associated with the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Soil texture measurements were obtained for the top layer of the soil at eight United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) SCAN sites during June and July 2003. Data are provided in a single 1 KB ASCII text file and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This ancillary data file provides soil texture classes for Soil Climate and Analysis (SCAN) sites in northern Alabama, USA associated with the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). Soil texture measurements were obtained for the top layer of the soil at eight United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) SCAN sites during June and July 2003. Data are provided in a single 1 KB ASCII text file and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides brightness temperature data acquired during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). The study was conducted between 29 April 2003 and 29 September 2003 in the SMEX03 Alabama/Georgia study area, between 29 April 2003 and 23 September 2003 in the SMEX03 Oklahoma study area, and between 29 September 2003 and 28 February 2004 in the SMEX03 Brazil study area. Data are provided as ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides brightness temperature data acquired during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). The study was conducted between 29 April 2003 and 29 September 2003 in the SMEX03 Alabama/Georgia study area, between 29 April 2003 and 23 September 2003 in the SMEX03 Oklahoma study area, and between 29 September 2003 and 28 February 2004 in the SMEX03 Brazil study area. Data are provided as ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides brightness temperature data acquired during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). The study was conducted between 29 April 2003 and 29 September 2003 in the SMEX03 Alabama/Georgia study area, between 29 April 2003 and 23 September 2003 in the SMEX03 Oklahoma study area, and between 29 September 2003 and 28 February 2004 in the SMEX03 Brazil study area. Data are provided as ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides brightness temperature data acquired during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). The study was conducted between 29 April 2003 and 29 September 2003 in the SMEX03 Alabama/Georgia study area, between 29 April 2003 and 23 September 2003 in the SMEX03 Oklahoma study area, and between 29 September 2003 and 28 February 2004 in the SMEX03 Brazil study area. Data are provided as ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides brightness temperature data acquired during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). The study was conducted between 29 April 2003 and 29 September 2003 in the SMEX03 Alabama/Georgia study area, between 29 April 2003 and 23 September 2003 in the SMEX03 Oklahoma study area, and between 29 September 2003 and 28 February 2004 in the SMEX03 Brazil study area. Data are provided as ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides brightness temperature data acquired during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). The study was conducted between 29 April 2003 and 29 September 2003 in the SMEX03 Alabama/Georgia study area, between 29 April 2003 and 23 September 2003 in the SMEX03 Oklahoma study area, and between 29 September 2003 and 28 February 2004 in the SMEX03 Brazil study area. Data are provided as ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains land surface temperature and soil temperature data at depths of 1 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The data were collected from 21 June 2003 to 2 July 2003 in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA at crop, pasture, and forested sites. Data are provided in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and an ASCII text file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains land surface temperature and soil temperature data at depths of 1 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The data were collected from 21 June 2003 to 2 July 2003 in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA at crop, pasture, and forested sites. Data are provided in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and an ASCII text file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains land surface temperature and soil temperature data at depths of 1 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The data were collected from 21 June 2003 to 2 July 2003 in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA at crop, pasture, and forested sites. Data are provided in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and an ASCII text file, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The data set SMEX03 Surface Roughness Data is comprised of data collected over the regional study areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA as part of the 2003 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX03). The experiment was conducted from June 2003 through July 2003 at various hydrologic network sites in northern Alabama, at the Little River (LR) watershed in southern Georgia, and at the Little Washita (LW) watershed in south-central Oklahoma. Surface roughness parameters include root mean square (rms) height, correlation length (L), and correlation length function [f(L)]. For each regional study area, surface roughness conditions were photographed using a grid board and the roughness photographs were then digitized in order to derive surface roughness calculations. The total volume for this combined data set is approximately 20 KB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The data set SMEX03 Surface Roughness Data is comprised of data collected over the regional study areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA as part of the 2003 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX03). The experiment was conducted from June 2003 through July 2003 at various hydrologic network sites in northern Alabama, at the Little River (LR) watershed in southern Georgia, and at the Little Washita (LW) watershed in south-central Oklahoma. Surface roughness parameters include root mean square (rms) height, correlation length (L), and correlation length function [f(L)]. For each regional study area, surface roughness conditions were photographed using a grid board and the roughness photographs were then digitized in order to derive surface roughness calculations. The total volume for this combined data set is approximately 20 KB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
The data set SMEX03 Surface Roughness Data is comprised of data collected over the regional study areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, USA as part of the 2003 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX03). The experiment was conducted from June 2003 through July 2003 at various hydrologic network sites in northern Alabama, at the Little River (LR) watershed in southern Georgia, and at the Little Washita (LW) watershed in south-central Oklahoma. Surface roughness parameters include root mean square (rms) height, correlation length (L), and correlation length function [f(L)]. For each regional study area, surface roughness conditions were photographed using a grid board and the roughness photographs were then digitized in order to derive surface roughness calculations. The total volume for this combined data set is approximately 20 KB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes soil moisture data measured with Delta-T Devices ThetaProbe ML2 sensors for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03), conducted during June and July 2003 in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA. The output parameters include voltage readings from the probe and volumetric soil moisture calculated from the measured voltage. Data were collected at crop, pasture, and forested sites. Data are provided in either a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet file or in three ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes soil moisture data measured with Delta-T Devices ThetaProbe ML2 sensors for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03), conducted during June and July 2003 in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA. The output parameters include voltage readings from the probe and volumetric soil moisture calculated from the measured voltage. Data were collected at crop, pasture, and forested sites. Data are provided in either a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet file or in three ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes soil moisture data measured with Delta-T Devices ThetaProbe ML2 sensors for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03), conducted during June and July 2003 in northern Alabama and southern Tennessee, USA. The output parameters include voltage readings from the probe and volumetric soil moisture calculated from the measured voltage. Data were collected at crop, pasture, and forested sites. Data are provided in either a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet file or in three ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes dual-polarized L-band brightness temperatures measured by the Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) instrument. An aircraft carrying the instrument was flown over Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma USA on various dates from 25 June to 15 July 2003 as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The 2D-STAR is a research instrument developed under the NASA Instrument Incubator Program with an aim to demonstrate the capability of the two-dimensional aperture synthesis radiometer at low frequency (approximately 1.4 GHz) to observe surface variables such as soil moisture and ocean salinity. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes dual-polarized L-band brightness temperatures measured by the Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) instrument. An aircraft carrying the instrument was flown over Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma USA on various dates from 25 June to 15 July 2003 as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The 2D-STAR is a research instrument developed under the NASA Instrument Incubator Program with an aim to demonstrate the capability of the two-dimensional aperture synthesis radiometer at low frequency (approximately 1.4 GHz) to observe surface variables such as soil moisture and ocean salinity. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes dual-polarized L-band brightness temperatures measured by the Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) instrument. An aircraft carrying the instrument was flown over Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma USA on various dates from 25 June to 15 July 2003 as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The 2D-STAR is a research instrument developed under the NASA Instrument Incubator Program with an aim to demonstrate the capability of the two-dimensional aperture synthesis radiometer at low frequency (approximately 1.4 GHz) to observe surface variables such as soil moisture and ocean salinity. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) area of northern Alabama, USA between 22 June and 1 July 2003. The parameters measured were plant height, plant stand density, phenology, wet biomass, dry biomass, row spacing, and row direction. Data were collected at crop, pasture, and forested sites. Those sites are part of the Alabama MesoNet (ALMNet), which is run by Alabama A&M University's Center for Hydrology, Soil Climatology and Remote Sensing (HSCaRS). Data are provided in an ASCII text file and a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) area of northern Alabama, USA between 22 June and 1 July 2003. The parameters measured were plant height, plant stand density, phenology, wet biomass, dry biomass, row spacing, and row direction. Data were collected at crop, pasture, and forested sites. Those sites are part of the Alabama MesoNet (ALMNet), which is run by Alabama A&M University's Center for Hydrology, Soil Climatology and Remote Sensing (HSCaRS). Data are provided in an ASCII text file and a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) area of northern Alabama, USA between 22 June and 1 July 2003. The parameters measured were plant height, plant stand density, phenology, wet biomass, dry biomass, row spacing, and row direction. Data were collected at crop, pasture, and forested sites. Those sites are part of the Alabama MesoNet (ALMNet), which is run by Alabama A&M University's Center for Hydrology, Soil Climatology and Remote Sensing (HSCaRS). Data are provided in an ASCII text file and a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) area of Georgia, USA between 16 June and 21 July 2003. The parameters measured were Leaf Area Index (LAI), Multispectral Radiometer (MSR) reflectance, plant height, plant density, areal wet biomass, areal dry biomass, and areal water content. Sampling was performed on fields typical of the South-Georgia Agricultural area. Sampling was concentrated in the Upper Suwannee Watershed, with a greater concentration of sites within the Little River Experimental Watershed. Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) area of Georgia, USA between 16 June and 21 July 2003. The parameters measured were Leaf Area Index (LAI), Multispectral Radiometer (MSR) reflectance, plant height, plant density, areal wet biomass, areal dry biomass, and areal water content. Sampling was performed on fields typical of the South-Georgia Agricultural area. Sampling was concentrated in the Upper Suwannee Watershed, with a greater concentration of sites within the Little River Experimental Watershed. Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) area of Georgia, USA between 16 June and 21 July 2003. The parameters measured were Leaf Area Index (LAI), Multispectral Radiometer (MSR) reflectance, plant height, plant density, areal wet biomass, areal dry biomass, and areal water content. Sampling was performed on fields typical of the South-Georgia Agricultural area. Sampling was concentrated in the Upper Suwannee Watershed, with a greater concentration of sites within the Little River Experimental Watershed. Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The parameters for this data set include Leaf Area Index (LAI), Multispectral Radiometer Reflectance (MSR), plant height, plant density, areal wet biomass, areal dry biomass, and areal water content. The sampling was concentrated in the Little Washita watershed, but several locations from Oklahoma North (ON) and Oklahoma South (OS) were also sampled. The U.S. portion of SMEX03 was conducted during June and 1-18 July 2003. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The parameters for this data set include Leaf Area Index (LAI), Multispectral Radiometer Reflectance (MSR), plant height, plant density, areal wet biomass, areal dry biomass, and areal water content. The sampling was concentrated in the Little Washita watershed, but several locations from Oklahoma North (ON) and Oklahoma South (OS) were also sampled. The U.S. portion of SMEX03 was conducted during June and 1-18 July 2003. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The parameters for this data set include Leaf Area Index (LAI), Multispectral Radiometer Reflectance (MSR), plant height, plant density, areal wet biomass, areal dry biomass, and areal water content. The sampling was concentrated in the Little Washita watershed, but several locations from Oklahoma North (ON) and Oklahoma South (OS) were also sampled. The U.S. portion of SMEX03 was conducted during June and 1-18 July 2003. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set consists of Vegetation Water Content (VWC) data for two Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) regional study areas, Oklahoma North and Oklahoma South. VWC was derived from the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) which was obtained from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) imagery. Though Landsat satellite data were acquired for multiple dates, data acquired on 10 July 2003 were selected as providing ideal conditions for the estimation of VWC. Data are provided as flat binary files and are available via FTP. Individual data values must be divided by 32 to obtain the actual vegetation water content in kg/m2.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set consists of Vegetation Water Content (VWC) data for two Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) regional study areas, Oklahoma North and Oklahoma South. VWC was derived from the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) which was obtained from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) imagery. Though Landsat satellite data were acquired for multiple dates, data acquired on 10 July 2003 were selected as providing ideal conditions for the estimation of VWC. Data are provided as flat binary files and are available via FTP. Individual data values must be divided by 32 to obtain the actual vegetation water content in kg/m2.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set consists of Vegetation Water Content (VWC) data for two Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) regional study areas, Oklahoma North and Oklahoma South. VWC was derived from the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) which was obtained from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) imagery. Though Landsat satellite data were acquired for multiple dates, data acquired on 10 July 2003 were selected as providing ideal conditions for the estimation of VWC. Data are provided as flat binary files and are available via FTP. Individual data values must be divided by 32 to obtain the actual vegetation water content in kg/m2.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set combines data for several parameters measured for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The parameters include bulk density, gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, and surface and subsurface soil temperature. This study was conducted between 2 July 2003 and 17 July 2003 in the Little Washita watershed in Oklahoma, USA. Data were collected using a variety of methods and sensors. Data are formatted as ASCII text, and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set combines data for several parameters measured for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The parameters include bulk density, gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, and surface and subsurface soil temperature. This study was conducted between 2 July 2003 and 17 July 2003 in the Little Washita watershed in Oklahoma, USA. Data were collected using a variety of methods and sensors. Data are formatted as ASCII text, and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set combines data for several parameters measured for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03). The parameters include bulk density, gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, and surface and subsurface soil temperature. This study was conducted between 2 July 2003 and 17 July 2003 in the Little Washita watershed in Oklahoma, USA. Data were collected using a variety of methods and sensors. Data are formatted as ASCII text, and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains surface reflectance measurements acquired on 25 August 2004 over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) regional study area in Arizona, USA. The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument was mounted on an ER-2 aircraft that flew over the area approximately 20 km above sea level. From this altitude, the resulting pixel size is approximately 20 m by 20 m and the swath width is approximately 10.5 km. Data were acquired from seven southbound flights over the study area to determine canopy water content. Total volume for this data set is approximately 14 gigabytes. Data are provided in binary files and tab-delimited ASCII text files. A JPEG file indicating each flightline is also provided. All files are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains surface reflectance measurements acquired on 25 August 2004 over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) regional study area in Arizona, USA. The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument was mounted on an ER-2 aircraft that flew over the area approximately 20 km above sea level. From this altitude, the resulting pixel size is approximately 20 m by 20 m and the swath width is approximately 10.5 km. Data were acquired from seven southbound flights over the study area to determine canopy water content. Total volume for this data set is approximately 14 gigabytes. Data are provided in binary files and tab-delimited ASCII text files. A JPEG file indicating each flightline is also provided. All files are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains surface reflectance measurements acquired on 25 August 2004 over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) regional study area in Arizona, USA. The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument was mounted on an ER-2 aircraft that flew over the area approximately 20 km above sea level. From this altitude, the resulting pixel size is approximately 20 m by 20 m and the swath width is approximately 10.5 km. Data were acquired from seven southbound flights over the study area to determine canopy water content. Total volume for this data set is approximately 14 gigabytes. Data are provided in binary files and tab-delimited ASCII text files. A JPEG file indicating each flightline is also provided. All files are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes brightness temperature and soil moisture data acquired with the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) instrument, an airborne microwave imaging radiometer developed and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Technology Laboratory. C-band and X-band measurements were taken 05 August through 26 August 2004 over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) regional study areas of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. The PSR/CX band radiometer was chosen for this study due to its similarity with the low-frequency channel of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) instrument on the NASA Aqua satellite. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes brightness temperature and soil moisture data acquired with the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) instrument, an airborne microwave imaging radiometer developed and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Technology Laboratory. C-band and X-band measurements were taken 05 August through 26 August 2004 over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) regional study areas of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. The PSR/CX band radiometer was chosen for this study due to its similarity with the low-frequency channel of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) instrument on the NASA Aqua satellite. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes brightness temperature and soil moisture data acquired with the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) instrument, an airborne microwave imaging radiometer developed and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Technology Laboratory. C-band and X-band measurements were taken 05 August through 26 August 2004 over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) regional study areas of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. The PSR/CX band radiometer was chosen for this study due to its similarity with the low-frequency channel of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) instrument on the NASA Aqua satellite. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains observations of atmospheric parameters from aerosol optical property measurements collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Arizona, USA.  Data were collected by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program, a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks composed of automatic sun and sky scanning radiometers. A sun photometer was set up within the Arizona experimental site for the collection of aerosol optical properties throughout the course of the SMEX04 field campaign.  Parameters include: spectral aerosol optical depths; precipitable water; sky radiance distributions and aerosol volume; and particle size distribution.  Three levels of data are available: Level 1.0 (unscreened), Level 1.5 (cloud screened), and Level 2.0 (cloud-screened and quality-assured).  Temporal coverage for the data spans 18 June 2004 to 16 November 2004.  The volume of the data set is approximately 10 kilobytes for one day of observations, provided in comma-delimited ASCII text files.  

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains observations of atmospheric parameters from aerosol optical property measurements collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Arizona, USA.  Data were collected by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program, a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks composed of automatic sun and sky scanning radiometers. A sun photometer was set up within the Arizona experimental site for the collection of aerosol optical properties throughout the course of the SMEX04 field campaign.  Parameters include: spectral aerosol optical depths; precipitable water; sky radiance distributions and aerosol volume; and particle size distribution.  Three levels of data are available: Level 1.0 (unscreened), Level 1.5 (cloud screened), and Level 2.0 (cloud-screened and quality-assured).  Temporal coverage for the data spans 18 June 2004 to 16 November 2004.  The volume of the data set is approximately 10 kilobytes for one day of observations, provided in comma-delimited ASCII text files.  

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains observations of atmospheric parameters from aerosol optical property measurements collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Arizona, USA.  Data were collected by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program, a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks composed of automatic sun and sky scanning radiometers. A sun photometer was set up within the Arizona experimental site for the collection of aerosol optical properties throughout the course of the SMEX04 field campaign.  Parameters include: spectral aerosol optical depths; precipitable water; sky radiance distributions and aerosol volume; and particle size distribution.  Three levels of data are available: Level 1.0 (unscreened), Level 1.5 (cloud screened), and Level 2.0 (cloud-screened and quality-assured).  Temporal coverage for the data spans 18 June 2004 to 16 November 2004.  The volume of the data set is approximately 10 kilobytes for one day of observations, provided in comma-delimited ASCII text files.  

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set is comprised of in situ data collected as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Soil samples were collected from 30 July through 25 August 2004 in the regional study area of Arizona, USA. Parameters for this data set include sample bulk density, soil bulk density, gravimetric soil moisture, percent rock by weight, and percent rock by volume. Four data files are provided: two containing raw data and two containing field averages. Total volume for this data set is approximately 33 KB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set is comprised of in situ data collected as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Soil samples were collected from 30 July through 25 August 2004 in the regional study area of Arizona, USA. Parameters for this data set include sample bulk density, soil bulk density, gravimetric soil moisture, percent rock by weight, and percent rock by volume. Four data files are provided: two containing raw data and two containing field averages. Total volume for this data set is approximately 33 KB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set is comprised of in situ data collected as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Soil samples were collected from 30 July through 25 August 2004 in the regional study area of Arizona, USA. Parameters for this data set include sample bulk density, soil bulk density, gravimetric soil moisture, percent rock by weight, and percent rock by volume. Four data files are provided: two containing raw data and two containing field averages. Total volume for this data set is approximately 33 KB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set is comprised of in situ data collected as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Soil samples were collected from 4 August through 12 August 2004 in the regional study area of Sonora, Mexico. Parameters for this data set include sample bulk density, soil bulk density, gravimetric soil moisture, percent rock by weight, and percent rock by volume. Two data files are provided: one containing raw data and one containing field averages. Total volume for this data set is approximately 10 KB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set is comprised of in situ data collected as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Soil samples were collected from 4 August through 12 August 2004 in the regional study area of Sonora, Mexico. Parameters for this data set include sample bulk density, soil bulk density, gravimetric soil moisture, percent rock by weight, and percent rock by volume. Two data files are provided: one containing raw data and one containing field averages. Total volume for this data set is approximately 10 KB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set is comprised of in situ data collected as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Soil samples were collected from 4 August through 12 August 2004 in the regional study area of Sonora, Mexico. Parameters for this data set include sample bulk density, soil bulk density, gravimetric soil moisture, percent rock by weight, and percent rock by volume. Two data files are provided: one containing raw data and one containing field averages. Total volume for this data set is approximately 10 KB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is comprised of browse images acquired over the regional study area of Arizona, USA for the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The experiment was conducted using the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instrument on board the European Space Agency's (ESA) Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT). Cross-polarized C-band ASAR images were acquired for 09 September 2003 and 14 October 2003 in order to obtain a backscatter coefficient measurement over a range of natural vegetation types. However, the images provided here are only browse images and therefore cannot be used to derive backscatter coefficient values. Researchers interested in backscatter coefficient values must obtain the ASAR data. The total volume for this data set is approximately 8.3 megabytes. Data are available via FTP and are provided as JPEG image files. Also included and available via FTP are the following types of header files: HAN files, ASCII text files, and one INI file.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is comprised of browse images acquired over the regional study area of Arizona, USA for the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The experiment was conducted using the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instrument on board the European Space Agency's (ESA) Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT). Cross-polarized C-band ASAR images were acquired for 09 September 2003 and 14 October 2003 in order to obtain a backscatter coefficient measurement over a range of natural vegetation types. However, the images provided here are only browse images and therefore cannot be used to derive backscatter coefficient values. Researchers interested in backscatter coefficient values must obtain the ASAR data. The total volume for this data set is approximately 8.3 megabytes. Data are available via FTP and are provided as JPEG image files. Also included and available via FTP are the following types of header files: HAN files, ASCII text files, and one INI file.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set is comprised of browse images acquired over the regional study area of Arizona, USA for the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The experiment was conducted using the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instrument on board the European Space Agency's (ESA) Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT). Cross-polarized C-band ASAR images were acquired for 09 September 2003 and 14 October 2003 in order to obtain a backscatter coefficient measurement over a range of natural vegetation types. However, the images provided here are only browse images and therefore cannot be used to derive backscatter coefficient values. Researchers interested in backscatter coefficient values must obtain the ASAR data. The total volume for this data set is approximately 8.3 megabytes. Data are available via FTP and are provided as JPEG image files. Also included and available via FTP are the following types of header files: HAN files, ASCII text files, and one INI file.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Three false color images are provided for the regional study areas in Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico for 11 June 2004, 29 July 2004, and 30 August 2004. The images are the result of combining TM bands 2, 3, and 4 as blue, green, and red respectively to generate false color composites. Data are provided in Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF) files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Three false color images are provided for the regional study areas in Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico for 11 June 2004, 29 July 2004, and 30 August 2004. The images are the result of combining TM bands 2, 3, and 4 as blue, green, and red respectively to generate false color composites. Data are provided in Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF) files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Three false color images are provided for the regional study areas in Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico for 11 June 2004, 29 July 2004, and 30 August 2004. The images are the result of combining TM bands 2, 3, and 4 as blue, green, and red respectively to generate false color composites. Data are provided in Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF) files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data set was developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Data acquired on 11 June, 29 July, and 30 August 2004 were used to create large-scale maps of NDVI and NDWI in order to accurately estimate the surface soil moisture via microwave remote sensing. Regional study areas include Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. These data are uncorrected for the atmosphere and should not be compared to long-term data records of vegetation. The total volume for this data set is approximately 16 gigabytes. Data are in flat, eight-bit binary format and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data set was developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Data acquired on 11 June, 29 July, and 30 August 2004 were used to create large-scale maps of NDVI and NDWI in order to accurately estimate the surface soil moisture via microwave remote sensing. Regional study areas include Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. These data are uncorrected for the atmosphere and should not be compared to long-term data records of vegetation. The total volume for this data set is approximately 16 gigabytes. Data are in flat, eight-bit binary format and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data set was developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data for use in studying land cover features during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Data acquired on 11 June, 29 July, and 30 August 2004 were used to create large-scale maps of NDVI and NDWI in order to accurately estimate the surface soil moisture via microwave remote sensing. Regional study areas include Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. These data are uncorrected for the atmosphere and should not be compared to long-term data records of vegetation. The total volume for this data set is approximately 16 gigabytes. Data are in flat, eight-bit binary format and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set is comprised of in situ Leaf Area Index (LAI) data collected as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). The study was conducted from 29 July through 25 August 2004 in the SMEX04 North American study area of southern Arizona, USA. The parameter LAI, the ratio of the total area of all leaves on a plant to the area of ground covered by the plant, was measured at both regional and watershed sites within the study area using a plant canopy analyzer. Two separate files are provided for both the regional site data and the watershed site data: one containing raw data and one containing field average data. The total volume for this data set is approximately 55 kilobytes. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set is comprised of in situ Leaf Area Index (LAI) data collected as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). The study was conducted from 29 July through 25 August 2004 in the SMEX04 North American study area of southern Arizona, USA. The parameter LAI, the ratio of the total area of all leaves on a plant to the area of ground covered by the plant, was measured at both regional and watershed sites within the study area using a plant canopy analyzer. Two separate files are provided for both the regional site data and the watershed site data: one containing raw data and one containing field average data. The total volume for this data set is approximately 55 kilobytes. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set is comprised of in situ Leaf Area Index (LAI) data collected as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). The study was conducted from 29 July through 25 August 2004 in the SMEX04 North American study area of southern Arizona, USA. The parameter LAI, the ratio of the total area of all leaves on a plant to the area of ground covered by the plant, was measured at both regional and watershed sites within the study area using a plant canopy analyzer. Two separate files are provided for both the regional site data and the watershed site data: one containing raw data and one containing field average data. The total volume for this data set is approximately 55 kilobytes. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains data from in situ meteorological measurements collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Arizona, USA. The data parameters and sensors include the following: relative humidity and temperature from the temperature and relative humidity probe; wind speed, wind vector, wind direction and standard deviation of wind direction from the 3-cup anemometer and wind vane; barometric pressure from the barometric pressure sensor; solar radiation from the pyranometer; Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) incoming and PAR reflected from the Quantum Sensor; soil heat flux from the soil heat flux plate; soil temperature from the Type T thermocouple wire; net radiation from the net radiometer; and soil moisture from the Theta Probe.  Temporal coverage for the data spans 01 June 2004 to 30 September 2004.  The total volume of this data set is approximately two megabytes in four ASCII text files.  The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains data from in situ meteorological measurements collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Arizona, USA. The data parameters and sensors include the following: relative humidity and temperature from the temperature and relative humidity probe; wind speed, wind vector, wind direction and standard deviation of wind direction from the 3-cup anemometer and wind vane; barometric pressure from the barometric pressure sensor; solar radiation from the pyranometer; Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) incoming and PAR reflected from the Quantum Sensor; soil heat flux from the soil heat flux plate; soil temperature from the Type T thermocouple wire; net radiation from the net radiometer; and soil moisture from the Theta Probe.  Temporal coverage for the data spans 01 June 2004 to 30 September 2004.  The total volume of this data set is approximately two megabytes in four ASCII text files.  The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains data from in situ meteorological measurements collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Arizona, USA. The data parameters and sensors include the following: relative humidity and temperature from the temperature and relative humidity probe; wind speed, wind vector, wind direction and standard deviation of wind direction from the 3-cup anemometer and wind vane; barometric pressure from the barometric pressure sensor; solar radiation from the pyranometer; Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) incoming and PAR reflected from the Quantum Sensor; soil heat flux from the soil heat flux plate; soil temperature from the Type T thermocouple wire; net radiation from the net radiometer; and soil moisture from the Theta Probe.  Temporal coverage for the data spans 01 June 2004 to 30 September 2004.  The total volume of this data set is approximately two megabytes in four ASCII text files.  The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set is comprised of in situ Multispectral Radiometer (MSR) data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) area of southern Arizona, USA between 29 July and 25 August 2004. Surface reflectance was measured multiple times on various days during the study period in a variety of sampling sites. Transect sampling was also conducted on a weekly basis to coincide with Landsat and ASTER satellite overpasses. The total volume for this data set is approximately 520 KB. Raw data and field average data are provided in an ASCII tab-delimited text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set is comprised of in situ Multispectral Radiometer (MSR) data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) area of southern Arizona, USA between 29 July and 25 August 2004. Surface reflectance was measured multiple times on various days during the study period in a variety of sampling sites. Transect sampling was also conducted on a weekly basis to coincide with Landsat and ASTER satellite overpasses. The total volume for this data set is approximately 520 KB. Raw data and field average data are provided in an ASCII tab-delimited text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set is comprised of in situ Multispectral Radiometer (MSR) data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) area of southern Arizona, USA between 29 July and 25 August 2004. Surface reflectance was measured multiple times on various days during the study period in a variety of sampling sites. Transect sampling was also conducted on a weekly basis to coincide with Landsat and ASTER satellite overpasses. The total volume for this data set is approximately 520 KB. Raw data and field average data are provided in an ASCII tab-delimited text files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains data from in situ precipitation measurements collected at the Walnut Gulch Micronet during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Arizona, USA.  Accumulated hourly precipitation was measured using electronic weighing bucket rain gauges and one tipping bucket rain gage from 20 June 2004 to 24 September 2004.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 167 kilobytes in five ASCII text files.  The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains data from in situ precipitation measurements collected at the Walnut Gulch Micronet during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Arizona, USA.  Accumulated hourly precipitation was measured using electronic weighing bucket rain gauges and one tipping bucket rain gage from 20 June 2004 to 24 September 2004.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 167 kilobytes in five ASCII text files.  The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains data from in situ precipitation measurements collected at the Walnut Gulch Micronet during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Arizona, USA.  Accumulated hourly precipitation was measured using electronic weighing bucket rain gauges and one tipping bucket rain gage from 20 June 2004 to 24 September 2004.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 167 kilobytes in five ASCII text files.  The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) area of Sonora, Mexico during 1 June to 30 September 2004.  The SeaWinds scatterometer on NASA's Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite collected backscatter data.  Data are provided in Brigham Young University - Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (BYU-MERS) Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) images and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) area of Sonora, Mexico during 1 June to 30 September 2004.  The SeaWinds scatterometer on NASA's Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite collected backscatter data.  Data are provided in Brigham Young University - Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (BYU-MERS) Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) images and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) area of Sonora, Mexico during 1 June to 30 September 2004.  The SeaWinds scatterometer on NASA's Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite collected backscatter data.  Data are provided in Brigham Young University - Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (BYU-MERS) Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) images and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set combines data for several parameters measured as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Field measurements were obtained from 2 August through 26 August 2004 with a variety sensors, such as probes and pyrometers, within the regional study area of Arizona, USA. The parameters include gravimetric soil moisture, volumetric soil moisture, soil and surface temperature, and bulk density. Summary files containing field averages are also provided for simplicity. The total volume of this data set is approximately 1 MB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set combines data for several parameters measured as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Field measurements were obtained from 2 August through 26 August 2004 with a variety sensors, such as probes and pyrometers, within the regional study area of Arizona, USA. The parameters include gravimetric soil moisture, volumetric soil moisture, soil and surface temperature, and bulk density. Summary files containing field averages are also provided for simplicity. The total volume of this data set is approximately 1 MB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set combines data for several parameters measured as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Field measurements were obtained from 2 August through 26 August 2004 with a variety sensors, such as probes and pyrometers, within the regional study area of Arizona, USA. The parameters include gravimetric soil moisture, volumetric soil moisture, soil and surface temperature, and bulk density. Summary files containing field averages are also provided for simplicity. The total volume of this data set is approximately 1 MB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users:
The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal
Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or
edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set combines data for several parameters from in situ measurements for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Sonora, Mexico.  The study site was divided into six regional 25 km by 25 km squares with sample point locations.  The data parameters include volumetric soil moisture estimated from the Theta probe, soil temperature, and gravimetric soil moisture from soil sampling.  Temporal coverage for the data spans 04 August 2004 to 15 August 2004, where available.  The total volume for this data set is 272 kilobytes in a single ASCII text file, available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users:
The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal
Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or
edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set combines data for several parameters from in situ measurements for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Sonora, Mexico.  The study site was divided into six regional 25 km by 25 km squares with sample point locations.  The data parameters include volumetric soil moisture estimated from the Theta probe, soil temperature, and gravimetric soil moisture from soil sampling.  Temporal coverage for the data spans 04 August 2004 to 15 August 2004, where available.  The total volume for this data set is 272 kilobytes in a single ASCII text file, available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users:
The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal
Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or
edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set combines data for several parameters from in situ measurements for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Sonora, Mexico.  The study site was divided into six regional 25 km by 25 km squares with sample point locations.  The data parameters include volumetric soil moisture estimated from the Theta probe, soil temperature, and gravimetric soil moisture from soil sampling.  Temporal coverage for the data spans 04 August 2004 to 15 August 2004, where available.  The total volume for this data set is 272 kilobytes in a single ASCII text file, available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

A part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04), this data set includes a diverse collection of in situ data measured along a topographical transect in northern Sonora, Mexico. Parameters include gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, soil temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and rainfall. Data were collected from 3 August to 14 August 2004 in the San Miguel watershed by means of a variety of sensors, such as theta probes, thermometers, barometers, and hygrometers. Landscape conditions and daily weather observations were also documented at 30 transect sites and are provided as additional soil, vegetation, and topographical data.The total volume for this data set is approximately 313 KB. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and Microsoft Excel files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

A part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04), this data set includes a diverse collection of in situ data measured along a topographical transect in northern Sonora, Mexico. Parameters include gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, soil temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and rainfall. Data were collected from 3 August to 14 August 2004 in the San Miguel watershed by means of a variety of sensors, such as theta probes, thermometers, barometers, and hygrometers. Landscape conditions and daily weather observations were also documented at 30 transect sites and are provided as additional soil, vegetation, and topographical data.The total volume for this data set is approximately 313 KB. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and Microsoft Excel files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

A part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04), this data set includes a diverse collection of in situ data measured along a topographical transect in northern Sonora, Mexico. Parameters include gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, soil temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and rainfall. Data were collected from 3 August to 14 August 2004 in the San Miguel watershed by means of a variety of sensors, such as theta probes, thermometers, barometers, and hygrometers. Landscape conditions and daily weather observations were also documented at 30 transect sites and are provided as additional soil, vegetation, and topographical data.The total volume for this data set is approximately 313 KB. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and Microsoft Excel files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes photographs of the regional study areas of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico as part of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The photographs were taken in the field at various locations during the SMEX04 campaign from 29 July 2004 to 25 August 2004. This collection of images is intended to be a visual aid to investigators of the SMEX04 data sets, as they display the conditions present during the SMEX04 campaign. The total volume for this data set is approximately 300 megabytes. The photographs are provided in JPEG image files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes photographs of the regional study areas of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico as part of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The photographs were taken in the field at various locations during the SMEX04 campaign from 29 July 2004 to 25 August 2004. This collection of images is intended to be a visual aid to investigators of the SMEX04 data sets, as they display the conditions present during the SMEX04 campaign. The total volume for this data set is approximately 300 megabytes. The photographs are provided in JPEG image files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes photographs of the regional study areas of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico as part of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The photographs were taken in the field at various locations during the SMEX04 campaign from 29 July 2004 to 25 August 2004. This collection of images is intended to be a visual aid to investigators of the SMEX04 data sets, as they display the conditions present during the SMEX04 campaign. The total volume for this data set is approximately 300 megabytes. The photographs are provided in JPEG image files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

The SMEX04 Soil Characteristics data set contains data for Arizona, USA as part of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The original data were extracted from a multi-layer soil characteristics database for the conterminous United States and generated using Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcMap software for the regional study area. Parameters for this data set include available water capacity, bulk density, elevation, permeability, porosity, rock fragment class, rock fragment volume, texture class, texture/percent clay, and texture/percent sand.  The temporal coverage is approximate, as these data are representative of the conditions present in the regional study area during the general timeline of the SMEX04 campaign. The total volume for these data is approximately 635 megabytes. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

The SMEX04 Soil Characteristics data set contains data for Arizona, USA as part of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The original data were extracted from a multi-layer soil characteristics database for the conterminous United States and generated using Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcMap software for the regional study area. Parameters for this data set include available water capacity, bulk density, elevation, permeability, porosity, rock fragment class, rock fragment volume, texture class, texture/percent clay, and texture/percent sand.  The temporal coverage is approximate, as these data are representative of the conditions present in the regional study area during the general timeline of the SMEX04 campaign. The total volume for these data is approximately 635 megabytes. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

The SMEX04 Soil Characteristics data set contains data for Arizona, USA as part of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The original data were extracted from a multi-layer soil characteristics database for the conterminous United States and generated using Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcMap software for the regional study area. Parameters for this data set include available water capacity, bulk density, elevation, permeability, porosity, rock fragment class, rock fragment volume, texture class, texture/percent clay, and texture/percent sand.  The temporal coverage is approximate, as these data are representative of the conditions present in the regional study area during the general timeline of the SMEX04 campaign. The total volume for these data is approximately 635 megabytes. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This SMEX04 soil characteristics data set contains data for Sonora, Mexico as part of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The data were extracted from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) digital soil map of the world. Parameters for this data set are soil texture in terms of percent sand and percent clay, and porosity.  The temporal coverage is approximate, as these data are representative of the conditions present in the regional study area during the general timeline of the creation of the 2000 FAO soil map of the world.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 110 kilobytes.  Data are provided in an ASCII text file and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This SMEX04 soil characteristics data set contains data for Sonora, Mexico as part of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The data were extracted from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) digital soil map of the world. Parameters for this data set are soil texture in terms of percent sand and percent clay, and porosity.  The temporal coverage is approximate, as these data are representative of the conditions present in the regional study area during the general timeline of the creation of the 2000 FAO soil map of the world.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 110 kilobytes.  Data are provided in an ASCII text file and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This SMEX04 soil characteristics data set contains data for Sonora, Mexico as part of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The data were extracted from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) digital soil map of the world. Parameters for this data set are soil texture in terms of percent sand and percent clay, and porosity.  The temporal coverage is approximate, as these data are representative of the conditions present in the regional study area during the general timeline of the creation of the 2000 FAO soil map of the world.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 110 kilobytes.  Data are provided in an ASCII text file and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) from 1 July 2004 to 30 September 2004 at a Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station in southern Arizona, USA. The SCAN station houses numerous sensors which were used to automatically record the data, including global precipitation sensors, thermistors, thin film capacitance-type sensors, anemometers, pyranometers, pressure sensors, and frequency-shift dielectric measuring devices. The data include hourly and daily recordings of precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Data are available in two tab-delimited ASCII text files: one containing hourly data and one containing daily data. The total volume for this data set is approximately 400 KB. Data are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) from 1 July 2004 to 30 September 2004 at a Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station in southern Arizona, USA. The SCAN station houses numerous sensors which were used to automatically record the data, including global precipitation sensors, thermistors, thin film capacitance-type sensors, anemometers, pyranometers, pressure sensors, and frequency-shift dielectric measuring devices. The data include hourly and daily recordings of precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Data are available in two tab-delimited ASCII text files: one containing hourly data and one containing daily data. The total volume for this data set is approximately 400 KB. Data are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) from 1 July 2004 to 30 September 2004 at a Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station in southern Arizona, USA. The SCAN station houses numerous sensors which were used to automatically record the data, including global precipitation sensors, thermistors, thin film capacitance-type sensors, anemometers, pyranometers, pressure sensors, and frequency-shift dielectric measuring devices. The data include hourly and daily recordings of precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Data are available in two tab-delimited ASCII text files: one containing hourly data and one containing daily data. The total volume for this data set is approximately 400 KB. Data are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set combines data for several parameters from in situ measurements for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Sonora, Mexico. The data parameters include: volumetric soil moisture, soil temperature, and voltage from the Vitel Hydra Probe sensor; and precipitation gathered from rain gauges.  Temporal coverage for the data spans from 01 June 2004 through 31 August 2004, where available.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 5.6 megabytes in 15 ASCII text files. The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set combines data for several parameters from in situ measurements for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Sonora, Mexico. The data parameters include: volumetric soil moisture, soil temperature, and voltage from the Vitel Hydra Probe sensor; and precipitation gathered from rain gauges.  Temporal coverage for the data spans from 01 June 2004 through 31 August 2004, where available.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 5.6 megabytes in 15 ASCII text files. The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set combines data for several parameters from in situ measurements for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) in Sonora, Mexico. The data parameters include: volumetric soil moisture, soil temperature, and voltage from the Vitel Hydra Probe sensor; and precipitation gathered from rain gauges.  Temporal coverage for the data spans from 01 June 2004 through 31 August 2004, where available.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 5.6 megabytes in 15 ASCII text files. The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

The data set SMEX04 Surface Roughness Data is comprised of data collected over the regional study areas of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico as part of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The experiment was conducted 30 July 2004 to 25 August 2004 at various hydrologic network sites in Arizona and Sonora. Surface roughness parameters include root mean square error, correlation length, root mean square error adjusted for slope, and power coefficient.  For each study area, surface roughness conditions were photographed using a grid board and the roughness photographs were then digitized using a SigmaScan pro 4 scanner in order to derive surface roughness calculations. The total volume for this combined data set is approximately 36 kilobytes. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

The data set SMEX04 Surface Roughness Data is comprised of data collected over the regional study areas of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico as part of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The experiment was conducted 30 July 2004 to 25 August 2004 at various hydrologic network sites in Arizona and Sonora. Surface roughness parameters include root mean square error, correlation length, root mean square error adjusted for slope, and power coefficient.  For each study area, surface roughness conditions were photographed using a grid board and the roughness photographs were then digitized using a SigmaScan pro 4 scanner in order to derive surface roughness calculations. The total volume for this combined data set is approximately 36 kilobytes. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

The data set SMEX04 Surface Roughness Data is comprised of data collected over the regional study areas of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico as part of the 2004 Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The experiment was conducted 30 July 2004 to 25 August 2004 at various hydrologic network sites in Arizona and Sonora. Surface roughness parameters include root mean square error, correlation length, root mean square error adjusted for slope, and power coefficient.  For each study area, surface roughness conditions were photographed using a grid board and the roughness photographs were then digitized using a SigmaScan pro 4 scanner in order to derive surface roughness calculations. The total volume for this combined data set is approximately 36 kilobytes. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly  reviewed, or edited by NSIDC.  Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains data from in situ infrared thermometer measurements collected in Arizona during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04).  Surface temperature was measured using an Apogee Infrared Thermometer from 23 June 2004 to 30 September 2004.  Surface temperatures are five minute averages of one minute samples. The total volume of this data set is 3.239 megabytes in seven ASCII text files.  The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly  reviewed, or edited by NSIDC.  Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains data from in situ infrared thermometer measurements collected in Arizona during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04).  Surface temperature was measured using an Apogee Infrared Thermometer from 23 June 2004 to 30 September 2004.  Surface temperatures are five minute averages of one minute samples. The total volume of this data set is 3.239 megabytes in seven ASCII text files.  The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly  reviewed, or edited by NSIDC.  Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains data from in situ infrared thermometer measurements collected in Arizona during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04).  Surface temperature was measured using an Apogee Infrared Thermometer from 23 June 2004 to 30 September 2004.  Surface temperatures are five minute averages of one minute samples. The total volume of this data set is 3.239 megabytes in seven ASCII text files.  The data are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set consists of a number of data products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Terra satellite for use in Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) studies. These MODIS data were acquired over the two SMEX04 regional study areas, Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico, with spatial resolution ranging from 0.05 degrees to 500 m. The SMEX04 MODIS data include a variety of daily data plus 8- and 16-day composite data relevant to SMEX04 land surface parameters, such as land surface temperature and vegetation indices. Temporal coverage for the daily data spans 19 July 2004 through 5 September 2004, and 1 January 2004 through 31 December 2004 for the 8- and 16-day composite data. The total volume for this data set is approximately 4.6 gigabytes. Data are provided in Hierarchical Data Format - Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) files and are available via FTP. Corresponding HDF header files are also available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set consists of a number of data products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Terra satellite for use in Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) studies. These MODIS data were acquired over the two SMEX04 regional study areas, Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico, with spatial resolution ranging from 0.05 degrees to 500 m. The SMEX04 MODIS data include a variety of daily data plus 8- and 16-day composite data relevant to SMEX04 land surface parameters, such as land surface temperature and vegetation indices. Temporal coverage for the daily data spans 19 July 2004 through 5 September 2004, and 1 January 2004 through 31 December 2004 for the 8- and 16-day composite data. The total volume for this data set is approximately 4.6 gigabytes. Data are provided in Hierarchical Data Format - Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) files and are available via FTP. Corresponding HDF header files are also available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set consists of a number of data products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Terra satellite for use in Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) studies. These MODIS data were acquired over the two SMEX04 regional study areas, Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico, with spatial resolution ranging from 0.05 degrees to 500 m. The SMEX04 MODIS data include a variety of daily data plus 8- and 16-day composite data relevant to SMEX04 land surface parameters, such as land surface temperature and vegetation indices. Temporal coverage for the daily data spans 19 July 2004 through 5 September 2004, and 1 January 2004 through 31 December 2004 for the 8- and 16-day composite data. The total volume for this data set is approximately 4.6 gigabytes. Data are provided in Hierarchical Data Format - Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) files and are available via FTP. Corresponding HDF header files are also available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes dual-polarized L-band brightness temperature and soil moisture data measured by the Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) instrument. An aircraft carrying the instrument was flown over Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico on various dates from 07 August to 26 August 2004 as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). The 2D-STAR is a research instrument developed under the NASA Instrument Incubator Program with an aim to demonstrate the capability of the two-dimensional aperture synthesis radiometer at low frequency (approximately 1.4 GHz) to observe surface variables such as soil moisture and ocean salinity. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes dual-polarized L-band brightness temperature and soil moisture data measured by the Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) instrument. An aircraft carrying the instrument was flown over Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico on various dates from 07 August to 26 August 2004 as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). The 2D-STAR is a research instrument developed under the NASA Instrument Incubator Program with an aim to demonstrate the capability of the two-dimensional aperture synthesis radiometer at low frequency (approximately 1.4 GHz) to observe surface variables such as soil moisture and ocean salinity. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes dual-polarized L-band brightness temperature and soil moisture data measured by the Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) instrument. An aircraft carrying the instrument was flown over Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico on various dates from 07 August to 26 August 2004 as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). The 2D-STAR is a research instrument developed under the NASA Instrument Incubator Program with an aim to demonstrate the capability of the two-dimensional aperture synthesis radiometer at low frequency (approximately 1.4 GHz) to observe surface variables such as soil moisture and ocean salinity. Data are provided in tab-delimited ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains in situ data collected using a multispectral radiometer and a plant-canopy analyzer over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) areas of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico.  The experiment was conducted 20 July 2004 to 24 August 2004.  Sampling was performed on sites approximately 800 meters by 800 meters in size. The parameters for this data set include Leaf Area Index (LAI), Multispectral Radiometer Reflectance, wet biomass, dry biomass, water content, and site vegetation cover.  The total volume for this data set is approximately 1.5 megabytes.  Data are provided in Microsoft Excel files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains in situ data collected using a multispectral radiometer and a plant-canopy analyzer over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) areas of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico.  The experiment was conducted 20 July 2004 to 24 August 2004.  Sampling was performed on sites approximately 800 meters by 800 meters in size. The parameters for this data set include Leaf Area Index (LAI), Multispectral Radiometer Reflectance, wet biomass, dry biomass, water content, and site vegetation cover.  The total volume for this data set is approximately 1.5 megabytes.  Data are provided in Microsoft Excel files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains in situ data collected using a multispectral radiometer and a plant-canopy analyzer over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) areas of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico.  The experiment was conducted 20 July 2004 to 24 August 2004.  Sampling was performed on sites approximately 800 meters by 800 meters in size. The parameters for this data set include Leaf Area Index (LAI), Multispectral Radiometer Reflectance, wet biomass, dry biomass, water content, and site vegetation cover.  The total volume for this data set is approximately 1.5 megabytes.  Data are provided in Microsoft Excel files, and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set consists of Vegetation Water Content (VWC) data for two Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) regional study areas: Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. VWC was derived from the Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII) which was obtained from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery on 29 July 2004 and 30 August 2004. From these overpass images, daily images were generated by linearly interpolating each scene between the nearest available scenes. Individual data values must be divided by 100 to obtain the actual vegetation water content in kg/m2. The total volume for this data set is approximately 3.2 gigabytes. Data are provided as binary files and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set consists of Vegetation Water Content (VWC) data for two Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) regional study areas: Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. VWC was derived from the Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII) which was obtained from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery on 29 July 2004 and 30 August 2004. From these overpass images, daily images were generated by linearly interpolating each scene between the nearest available scenes. Individual data values must be divided by 100 to obtain the actual vegetation water content in kg/m2. The total volume for this data set is approximately 3.2 gigabytes. Data are provided as binary files and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set consists of Vegetation Water Content (VWC) data for two Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04) regional study areas: Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. VWC was derived from the Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII) which was obtained from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery on 29 July 2004 and 30 August 2004. From these overpass images, daily images were generated by linearly interpolating each scene between the nearest available scenes. Individual data values must be divided by 100 to obtain the actual vegetation water content in kg/m2. The total volume for this data set is approximately 3.2 gigabytes. Data are provided as binary files and are available via FTP. 

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains several parameters measured in the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). The parameters include volumetric soil moisture, soil temperature, soil conductivity, soil salinity, and surface temperature. Data provided here were collected from 1 July 2004 through 30 September 2004 using in situ soil moisture sensors and radiometric surface temperature sensors. The total volume of this data set is approximately 18 MB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains several parameters measured in the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). The parameters include volumetric soil moisture, soil temperature, soil conductivity, soil salinity, and surface temperature. Data provided here were collected from 1 July 2004 through 30 September 2004 using in situ soil moisture sensors and radiometric surface temperature sensors. The total volume of this data set is approximately 18 MB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains several parameters measured in the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). The parameters include volumetric soil moisture, soil temperature, soil conductivity, soil salinity, and surface temperature. Data provided here were collected from 1 July 2004 through 30 September 2004 using in situ soil moisture sensors and radiometric surface temperature sensors. The total volume of this data set is approximately 18 MB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains observations of atmospheric parameters from aerosol optical property measurements collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) in Iowa, USA. Data were collected by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program, a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks composed of automatic sun and sky scanning radiometers. A sun photometer was set up within the Iowa experimental site for the collection of aerosol optical properties throughout the course of the SMEX05 field campaign. Parameters include: spectral aerosol optical depths; precipitable water; sky radiance distributions and aerosol volume; and particle size distribution. Three levels of data are available: Level 1.0 unscreened, Level 1.5 cloud screened, and Level 2.0 cloud-screened and quality-assured. Temporal coverage for the SMEX05 campaign spans from 10 June 2005 to 03 July 2005.  The data are provided in ASCII text files available from the AERONET Web site. 

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains observations of atmospheric parameters from aerosol optical property measurements collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) in Iowa, USA. Data were collected by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program, a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks composed of automatic sun and sky scanning radiometers. A sun photometer was set up within the Iowa experimental site for the collection of aerosol optical properties throughout the course of the SMEX05 field campaign. Parameters include: spectral aerosol optical depths; precipitable water; sky radiance distributions and aerosol volume; and particle size distribution. Three levels of data are available: Level 1.0 unscreened, Level 1.5 cloud screened, and Level 2.0 cloud-screened and quality-assured. Temporal coverage for the SMEX05 campaign spans from 10 June 2005 to 03 July 2005.  The data are provided in ASCII text files available from the AERONET Web site. 

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains observations of atmospheric parameters from aerosol optical property measurements collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) in Iowa, USA. Data were collected by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program, a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks composed of automatic sun and sky scanning radiometers. A sun photometer was set up within the Iowa experimental site for the collection of aerosol optical properties throughout the course of the SMEX05 field campaign. Parameters include: spectral aerosol optical depths; precipitable water; sky radiance distributions and aerosol volume; and particle size distribution. Three levels of data are available: Level 1.0 unscreened, Level 1.5 cloud screened, and Level 2.0 cloud-screened and quality-assured. Temporal coverage for the SMEX05 campaign spans from 10 June 2005 to 03 July 2005.  The data are provided in ASCII text files available from the AERONET Web site. 

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains land use classification data for the Walnut Creek watershed area of Ames, Iowa USA.  Land cover classification was necessary for the modeling and scaling of hydrologic variables of concern in the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05).  For the Ames study region, the National Agricultural Statistical Service (NASS) Land Cover Estimate was used to represent land cover classes.  High accuracy was achieved with respect to a test data set.  The data were collected from 06 June 2005 through 17 July 2005. The total volume of the data set is approximately 28 megabytes.  Data are provided in one Band Interleaved by Line (BIL) file with a corresponding Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) header file.  Data are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains land use classification data for the Walnut Creek watershed area of Ames, Iowa USA.  Land cover classification was necessary for the modeling and scaling of hydrologic variables of concern in the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05).  For the Ames study region, the National Agricultural Statistical Service (NASS) Land Cover Estimate was used to represent land cover classes.  High accuracy was achieved with respect to a test data set.  The data were collected from 06 June 2005 through 17 July 2005. The total volume of the data set is approximately 28 megabytes.  Data are provided in one Band Interleaved by Line (BIL) file with a corresponding Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) header file.  Data are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains land use classification data for the Walnut Creek watershed area of Ames, Iowa USA.  Land cover classification was necessary for the modeling and scaling of hydrologic variables of concern in the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05).  For the Ames study region, the National Agricultural Statistical Service (NASS) Land Cover Estimate was used to represent land cover classes.  High accuracy was achieved with respect to a test data set.  The data were collected from 06 June 2005 through 17 July 2005. The total volume of the data set is approximately 28 megabytes.  Data are provided in one Band Interleaved by Line (BIL) file with a corresponding Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) header file.  Data are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features. Data are provided in Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF). Each band of Landsat data in the GeoTIFF format is delivered as a grayscale, uncompressed, 8-bit string of unsigned integers.  An ASCII text metadata (MTL) file is included with data processed through the Level-1 Product Generation System (LPGS).  An ASCII text file containing the Ground Control Points (GCP) used during image processing is also included.  The Landsat 5 TM data are available from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) EarthExplorer Web site, identified as L4-5 TM under Landsat Archive. Temporal coverage for the SMEX05 campaign spans from 10 June 2005 to 03 July 2005.  

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features. Data are provided in Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF). Each band of Landsat data in the GeoTIFF format is delivered as a grayscale, uncompressed, 8-bit string of unsigned integers.  An ASCII text metadata (MTL) file is included with data processed through the Level-1 Product Generation System (LPGS).  An ASCII text file containing the Ground Control Points (GCP) used during image processing is also included.  The Landsat 5 TM data are available from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) EarthExplorer Web site, identified as L4-5 TM under Landsat Archive. Temporal coverage for the SMEX05 campaign spans from 10 June 2005 to 03 July 2005.  

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set provides imagery developed from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data for use in studying land cover features. Data are provided in Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF). Each band of Landsat data in the GeoTIFF format is delivered as a grayscale, uncompressed, 8-bit string of unsigned integers.  An ASCII text metadata (MTL) file is included with data processed through the Level-1 Product Generation System (LPGS).  An ASCII text file containing the Ground Control Points (GCP) used during image processing is also included.  The Landsat 5 TM data are available from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) EarthExplorer Web site, identified as L4-5 TM under Landsat Archive. Temporal coverage for the SMEX05 campaign spans from 10 June 2005 to 03 July 2005.  

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes the meteorological data collected as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) in the Walnut Creek watershed area of Iowa, USA from 01 June 2005 through 17 July 2005.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 14 megabytes.  Data are provided in comma-delimited ASCII text format and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes the meteorological data collected as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) in the Walnut Creek watershed area of Iowa, USA from 01 June 2005 through 17 July 2005.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 14 megabytes.  Data are provided in comma-delimited ASCII text format and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes the meteorological data collected as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) in the Walnut Creek watershed area of Iowa, USA from 01 June 2005 through 17 July 2005.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 14 megabytes.  Data are provided in comma-delimited ASCII text format and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains multispectral radiometer reflectance data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) area of Iowa, USA from 16 June 2005 through 08 July 2005.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 1.5 megabytes.  Data are provided in ASCII text and Excel formats, and are available via FTP.  

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains multispectral radiometer reflectance data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) area of Iowa, USA from 16 June 2005 through 08 July 2005.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 1.5 megabytes.  Data are provided in ASCII text and Excel formats, and are available via FTP.  

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains multispectral radiometer reflectance data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) area of Iowa, USA from 16 June 2005 through 08 July 2005.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 1.5 megabytes.  Data are provided in ASCII text and Excel formats, and are available via FTP.  

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes radar backscatter data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) area of Iowa, USA from 01 May 2005 through 31 July 2005.  The SeaWinds scatterometer on the NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite collected backscatter data. The total volume of this data set is approximately 18 megabytes.  Data are provided in gzip compressed Brigham Young University - Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (BYU-MERS) Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) images and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images, and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes radar backscatter data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) area of Iowa, USA from 01 May 2005 through 31 July 2005.  The SeaWinds scatterometer on the NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite collected backscatter data. The total volume of this data set is approximately 18 megabytes.  Data are provided in gzip compressed Brigham Young University - Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (BYU-MERS) Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) images and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images, and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes radar backscatter data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) area of Iowa, USA from 01 May 2005 through 31 July 2005.  The SeaWinds scatterometer on the NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite collected backscatter data. The total volume of this data set is approximately 18 megabytes.  Data are provided in gzip compressed Brigham Young University - Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (BYU-MERS) Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) images and Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images, and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains a collection of photographs intended to be visual aid for investigators of the SMEX05 data sets in the Ames, Iowa USA area. Photographs of each sampling site are provided with several views to give an idea of the land cover and characteristics of the vegetation.  The photographs were taken from 06 May 2005 to 30 June 2005.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 29.5 megabytes.  Data are provided in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) files, and are available via FTP. 

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains a collection of photographs intended to be visual aid for investigators of the SMEX05 data sets in the Ames, Iowa USA area. Photographs of each sampling site are provided with several views to give an idea of the land cover and characteristics of the vegetation.  The photographs were taken from 06 May 2005 to 30 June 2005.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 29.5 megabytes.  Data are provided in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) files, and are available via FTP. 

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains a collection of photographs intended to be visual aid for investigators of the SMEX05 data sets in the Ames, Iowa USA area. Photographs of each sampling site are provided with several views to give an idea of the land cover and characteristics of the vegetation.  The photographs were taken from 06 May 2005 to 30 June 2005.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 29.5 megabytes.  Data are provided in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) files, and are available via FTP. 

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) from 10 June 2005 through 03 July 2005 at Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station 2031 near Ames, Iowa USA.  The data include hourly and daily recordings of precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, barometric pressure, soil moisture, and soil temperature. The SCAN station houses numerous sensors which were used to automatically record the data, including a hydra probe, temperature and humidity probe, anemometer, precipitation sensor, pyranometer, and pressure sensor.  Data were uploaded by meteor burst telemetry to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Data Processing Center in Portland, Oregon USA.  The data are available in Comma Separated Values (CSV) files from the NRCS SCAN Web site.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) from 10 June 2005 through 03 July 2005 at Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station 2031 near Ames, Iowa USA.  The data include hourly and daily recordings of precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, barometric pressure, soil moisture, and soil temperature. The SCAN station houses numerous sensors which were used to automatically record the data, including a hydra probe, temperature and humidity probe, anemometer, precipitation sensor, pyranometer, and pressure sensor.  Data were uploaded by meteor burst telemetry to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Data Processing Center in Portland, Oregon USA.  The data are available in Comma Separated Values (CSV) files from the NRCS SCAN Web site.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) from 10 June 2005 through 03 July 2005 at Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station 2031 near Ames, Iowa USA.  The data include hourly and daily recordings of precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, barometric pressure, soil moisture, and soil temperature. The SCAN station houses numerous sensors which were used to automatically record the data, including a hydra probe, temperature and humidity probe, anemometer, precipitation sensor, pyranometer, and pressure sensor.  Data were uploaded by meteor burst telemetry to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Data Processing Center in Portland, Oregon USA.  The data are available in Comma Separated Values (CSV) files from the NRCS SCAN Web site.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains soil moisture network data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) area of Iowa, USA from 10 June 2005 through 03 July 2005.  The total volume of this data set is approximately one megabyte.  Data set parameters are soil temperature and volumetric soil moisture.  Related measurements for soil salinity and soil water conductivity are included.  Data are provided in ASCII tab-delimited text format and Microsoft Excel format, and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains soil moisture network data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) area of Iowa, USA from 10 June 2005 through 03 July 2005.  The total volume of this data set is approximately one megabyte.  Data set parameters are soil temperature and volumetric soil moisture.  Related measurements for soil salinity and soil water conductivity are included.  Data are provided in ASCII tab-delimited text format and Microsoft Excel format, and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains soil moisture network data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) area of Iowa, USA from 10 June 2005 through 03 July 2005.  The total volume of this data set is approximately one megabyte.  Data set parameters are soil temperature and volumetric soil moisture.  Related measurements for soil salinity and soil water conductivity are included.  Data are provided in ASCII tab-delimited text format and Microsoft Excel format, and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes surface roughness parameters measured in the Walnut Creek watershed area of Iowa, USA for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05).  Soil surface roughness photos were taken and roughness coefficients were calculated as part of the experiment site characterization protocol.  Surface roughness, correlation length, and power coefficients are calculated for each location.  The data were collected from 16 June 2005 through 05 July 2005.  The total volume of this data set is 19 KB in one ASCII text file.  The data are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes surface roughness parameters measured in the Walnut Creek watershed area of Iowa, USA for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05).  Soil surface roughness photos were taken and roughness coefficients were calculated as part of the experiment site characterization protocol.  Surface roughness, correlation length, and power coefficients are calculated for each location.  The data were collected from 16 June 2005 through 05 July 2005.  The total volume of this data set is 19 KB in one ASCII text file.  The data are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set includes surface roughness parameters measured in the Walnut Creek watershed area of Iowa, USA for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05).  Soil surface roughness photos were taken and roughness coefficients were calculated as part of the experiment site characterization protocol.  Surface roughness, correlation length, and power coefficients are calculated for each location.  The data were collected from 16 June 2005 through 05 July 2005.  The total volume of this data set is 19 KB in one ASCII text file.  The data are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains vegetation water content data of the Ames, Iowa, USA area.  Large-scale maps of vegetation water content are necessary for the accurate estimation of surface soil moisture via microwave remote sensing. To support this type of remote sensing during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05), a vegetation sampling campaign was conducted in coordination with satellite calibration and correction to result in an estimated map of Vegetation Water Content (VWC).  The data were collected on 06 June 2005 and 17 July 2005. The total volume of this data set is approximately 56 megabytes.   Data are provided in Band Interleaved by Line (BIL) files with corresponding Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) header files, and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains vegetation water content data of the Ames, Iowa, USA area.  Large-scale maps of vegetation water content are necessary for the accurate estimation of surface soil moisture via microwave remote sensing. To support this type of remote sensing during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05), a vegetation sampling campaign was conducted in coordination with satellite calibration and correction to result in an estimated map of Vegetation Water Content (VWC).  The data were collected on 06 June 2005 and 17 July 2005. The total volume of this data set is approximately 56 megabytes.   Data are provided in Band Interleaved by Line (BIL) files with corresponding Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) header files, and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set contains vegetation water content data of the Ames, Iowa, USA area.  Large-scale maps of vegetation water content are necessary for the accurate estimation of surface soil moisture via microwave remote sensing. To support this type of remote sensing during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05), a vegetation sampling campaign was conducted in coordination with satellite calibration and correction to result in an estimated map of Vegetation Water Content (VWC).  The data were collected on 06 June 2005 and 17 July 2005. The total volume of this data set is approximately 56 megabytes.   Data are provided in Band Interleaved by Line (BIL) files with corresponding Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) header files, and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set combines data for several parameters measured in the Walnut Creek watershed located in Iowa, USA for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05).  The parameters include gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, and surface and soil temperature.  The data were collected from 15 June 2005 through 03 July 2005 using in situ manual sampling, pyrometers, temperature probes, and theta probes.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 1 MB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set combines data for several parameters measured in the Walnut Creek watershed located in Iowa, USA for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05).  The parameters include gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, and surface and soil temperature.  The data were collected from 15 June 2005 through 03 July 2005 using in situ manual sampling, pyrometers, temperature probes, and theta probes.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 1 MB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set combines data for several parameters measured in the Walnut Creek watershed located in Iowa, USA for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05).  The parameters include gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, and surface and soil temperature.  The data were collected from 15 June 2005 through 03 July 2005 using in situ manual sampling, pyrometers, temperature probes, and theta probes.  The total volume of this data set is approximately 1 MB. Data are provided in ASCII text files and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include: assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.
<p class="newsdate">Notice: If you are having difficulties subsetting SNODAS data via Polaris, please contact <a href="mailto:nsidc@nsidc.org">nsidc@nsidc.org</a>.</p> 
This data set contains output from the NOAA National Weather Service's National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC) SNOw Data Assimilation System (SNODAS). SNODAS is a modeling and data assimilation system developed by NOHRSC to provide the best possible estimates of snow cover and associated parameters to support hydrologic modeling and analysis. The aim of SNODAS is to provide a physically consistent framework to integrate snow data from satellite, airborne platforms, and ground stations with model estimates of snow cover (Carroll et al. 2001). SNODAS includes procedures to ingest and downscale output from the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, and to simulate snowcover using a physically based, spatially-distributed energy- and mass-balance snow model. SNODAS also includes procedures to assimilate satellite-derived, airborne, and ground-based observations of snow covered area and Snow Water Equivalent (SWE).

These data are not suitable for snow fall events or totals for specific regions. For snow fall data, please see the state climatology reports for a particular state. These are gridded data sets for the continental United States at 1 km spatial resolution and 24 hour temporal resolution. Data are stored in flat binary 16-bit signed integer big-endian format with header and metadata files, and are available from 1 October 2003 to present via FTP.
<p class="newsdate">Notice: If you are having difficulties subsetting SNODAS data via Polaris, please contact <a href="mailto:nsidc@nsidc.org">nsidc@nsidc.org</a>.</p> 
This data set contains output from the NOAA National Weather Service's National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC) SNOw Data Assimilation System (SNODAS). SNODAS is a modeling and data assimilation system developed by NOHRSC to provide the best possible estimates of snow cover and associated parameters to support hydrologic modeling and analysis. The aim of SNODAS is to provide a physically consistent framework to integrate snow data from satellite, airborne platforms, and ground stations with model estimates of snow cover (Carroll et al. 2001). SNODAS includes procedures to ingest and downscale output from the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, and to simulate snowcover using a physically based, spatially-distributed energy- and mass-balance snow model. SNODAS also includes procedures to assimilate satellite-derived, airborne, and ground-based observations of snow covered area and Snow Water Equivalent (SWE).

These data are not suitable for snow fall events or totals for specific regions. For snow fall data, please see the state climatology reports for a particular state. These are gridded data sets for the continental United States at 1 km spatial resolution and 24 hour temporal resolution. Data are stored in flat binary 16-bit signed integer big-endian format with header and metadata files, and are available from 1 October 2003 to present via FTP.
<p class="newsdate">Notice: If you are having difficulties subsetting SNODAS data via Polaris, please contact <a href="mailto:nsidc@nsidc.org">nsidc@nsidc.org</a>.</p> 
This data set contains output from the NOAA National Weather Service's National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC) SNOw Data Assimilation System (SNODAS). SNODAS is a modeling and data assimilation system developed by NOHRSC to provide the best possible estimates of snow cover and associated parameters to support hydrologic modeling and analysis. The aim of SNODAS is to provide a physically consistent framework to integrate snow data from satellite, airborne platforms, and ground stations with model estimates of snow cover (Carroll et al. 2001). SNODAS includes procedures to ingest and downscale output from the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, and to simulate snowcover using a physically based, spatially-distributed energy- and mass-balance snow model. SNODAS also includes procedures to assimilate satellite-derived, airborne, and ground-based observations of snow covered area and Snow Water Equivalent (SWE).

These data are not suitable for snow fall events or totals for specific regions. For snow fall data, please see the state climatology reports for a particular state. These are gridded data sets for the continental United States at 1 km spatial resolution and 24 hour temporal resolution. Data are stored in flat binary 16-bit signed integer big-endian format with header and metadata files, and are available from 1 October 2003 to present via FTP.
Yearly snow melt onset dates over Arctic sea ice are derived from Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperatures. The introduction of liquid water to snow results in a sharp increase in the emissivity and hence brightness temperature of the snowpack. Snow melt onset is defined as the point in time when microwave brightness temperatures increase sharply due to the presence of liquid water in the snowpack.

Data cover the years 1979 through 2007, and are in a polar stereographic grid at 25 km resolution. Tab-delimited ASCII files and GIF images are accessible via FTP. Several value-added products are also available.
Yearly snow melt onset dates over Arctic sea ice are derived from Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperatures. The introduction of liquid water to snow results in a sharp increase in the emissivity and hence brightness temperature of the snowpack. Snow melt onset is defined as the point in time when microwave brightness temperatures increase sharply due to the presence of liquid water in the snowpack.

Data cover the years 1979 through 2007, and are in a polar stereographic grid at 25 km resolution. Tab-delimited ASCII files and GIF images are accessible via FTP. Several value-added products are also available.
Yearly snow melt onset dates over Arctic sea ice are derived from Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperatures. The introduction of liquid water to snow results in a sharp increase in the emissivity and hence brightness temperature of the snowpack. Snow melt onset is defined as the point in time when microwave brightness temperatures increase sharply due to the presence of liquid water in the snowpack.

Data cover the years 1979 through 2007, and are in a polar stereographic grid at 25 km resolution. Tab-delimited ASCII files and GIF images are accessible via FTP. Several value-added products are also available.
The TIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) Polar Pathfinder (Path-P) data set consists of gridded daily and monthly Arctic and Antarctic atmospheric data derived from various NOAA satellites. TOVS Path-P daily files are available for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres from 60 degrees poleward at 100 km gridded spatial resolution in an Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid). TOVS Path-P monthly files are available for the Northern Hemisphere only from 60 degrees poleward at 100 km gridded spatial resolution in EASE-Grid. Daily and monthly Northern Hemisphere data are available from January 1979 through current processing, and daily Southern Hemisphere data are available from July 1979 through current processing. Data were created from a modified version of the Improved Initialization Inversion Algorithm (3I) (Chedin et al. 1985), a physical-statistical retrieval method improved for use in identifying geophysical variables in snow- and ice-covered areas (Francis 1994).

Variables retrieved from satellite-observed radiances for this product include atmospheric temperature, water vapor, skin surface temperature, total effective cloud fraction, cloud top pressure and temperature, solar zenith elevation, surface pressure, turning angle between geostrophic wind and surface stress over ice, emissivity, boundary layer stratification, and geostrophic drag coefficient. The algorithm used to generate these grids has been validated through comparisons with surface observations from the North Pole drifting meteorological stations (Schweiger et al. 1999).

The complete TOVS data set is available via FTP in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF). Users may also order subsets of the data for any of the parameters listed above or for specific spatial or temporal coverage. 

Data users are encouraged to register before accessing the TOVS data. Registered users automatically receive release notes via e-mail containing notification of data manipulation or formatting modifications.
The TIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) Polar Pathfinder (Path-P) data set consists of gridded daily and monthly Arctic and Antarctic atmospheric data derived from various NOAA satellites. TOVS Path-P daily files are available for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres from 60 degrees poleward at 100 km gridded spatial resolution in an Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid). TOVS Path-P monthly files are available for the Northern Hemisphere only from 60 degrees poleward at 100 km gridded spatial resolution in EASE-Grid. Daily and monthly Northern Hemisphere data are available from January 1979 through current processing, and daily Southern Hemisphere data are available from July 1979 through current processing. Data were created from a modified version of the Improved Initialization Inversion Algorithm (3I) (Chedin et al. 1985), a physical-statistical retrieval method improved for use in identifying geophysical variables in snow- and ice-covered areas (Francis 1994).

Variables retrieved from satellite-observed radiances for this product include atmospheric temperature, water vapor, skin surface temperature, total effective cloud fraction, cloud top pressure and temperature, solar zenith elevation, surface pressure, turning angle between geostrophic wind and surface stress over ice, emissivity, boundary layer stratification, and geostrophic drag coefficient. The algorithm used to generate these grids has been validated through comparisons with surface observations from the North Pole drifting meteorological stations (Schweiger et al. 1999).

The complete TOVS data set is available via FTP in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF). Users may also order subsets of the data for any of the parameters listed above or for specific spatial or temporal coverage. 

Data users are encouraged to register before accessing the TOVS data. Registered users automatically receive release notes via e-mail containing notification of data manipulation or formatting modifications.
The TIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) Polar Pathfinder (Path-P) data set consists of gridded daily and monthly Arctic and Antarctic atmospheric data derived from various NOAA satellites. TOVS Path-P daily files are available for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres from 60 degrees poleward at 100 km gridded spatial resolution in an Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid). TOVS Path-P monthly files are available for the Northern Hemisphere only from 60 degrees poleward at 100 km gridded spatial resolution in EASE-Grid. Daily and monthly Northern Hemisphere data are available from January 1979 through current processing, and daily Southern Hemisphere data are available from July 1979 through current processing. Data were created from a modified version of the Improved Initialization Inversion Algorithm (3I) (Chedin et al. 1985), a physical-statistical retrieval method improved for use in identifying geophysical variables in snow- and ice-covered areas (Francis 1994).

Variables retrieved from satellite-observed radiances for this product include atmospheric temperature, water vapor, skin surface temperature, total effective cloud fraction, cloud top pressure and temperature, solar zenith elevation, surface pressure, turning angle between geostrophic wind and surface stress over ice, emissivity, boundary layer stratification, and geostrophic drag coefficient. The algorithm used to generate these grids has been validated through comparisons with surface observations from the North Pole drifting meteorological stations (Schweiger et al. 1999).

The complete TOVS data set is available via FTP in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF). Users may also order subsets of the data for any of the parameters listed above or for specific spatial or temporal coverage. 

Data users are encouraged to register before accessing the TOVS data. Registered users automatically receive release notes via e-mail containing notification of data manipulation or formatting modifications.
The AMSR-E Wakasa Bay Field Campaign was conducted over Wakasa Bay, Japan, in January and February, 2003. The Wakasa Bay Field Campaign includes joint research observations, such as precipitation amount, pressure thickness, seal level pressure, and surface winds by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the AMSR precipitation validation team, and the NASA AMSR-E team. This data set contains weather forecast maps that were generated by the United States Air Force and were used in flight planning during the field experiment. The total volume of this data set is approximately 5 megabytes. Maps are provided in Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) files and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002.  AMSR-E validation studies linked to rainfall experiments are designed to  evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E precipitation data.
The AMSR-E Wakasa Bay Field Campaign was conducted over Wakasa Bay, Japan, in January and February, 2003. The Wakasa Bay Field Campaign includes joint research observations, such as precipitation amount, pressure thickness, seal level pressure, and surface winds by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the AMSR precipitation validation team, and the NASA AMSR-E team. This data set contains weather forecast maps that were generated by the United States Air Force and were used in flight planning during the field experiment. The total volume of this data set is approximately 5 megabytes. Maps are provided in Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) files and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002.  AMSR-E validation studies linked to rainfall experiments are designed to  evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E precipitation data.
The AMSR-E Wakasa Bay Field Campaign was conducted over Wakasa Bay, Japan, in January and February, 2003. The Wakasa Bay Field Campaign includes joint research observations, such as precipitation amount, pressure thickness, seal level pressure, and surface winds by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the AMSR precipitation validation team, and the NASA AMSR-E team. This data set contains weather forecast maps that were generated by the United States Air Force and were used in flight planning during the field experiment. The total volume of this data set is approximately 5 megabytes. Maps are provided in Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) files and are available via FTP.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002.  AMSR-E validation studies linked to rainfall experiments are designed to  evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E precipitation data.
This file contains Ellipsoid-projected TOA Radiance,resampled at the surface and topographically corrected, as well as geometrically corrected by PGE22.  It is used for MISR Near Real Time processing, and is derived from session-based Level 0 input files. (Suggested Usage: MISR Near Real Time Level 2 TOA/Cloud retrievals require the radiances from all 9 cameras of MISR to be projected to a surface defined by the reference WGS84 ellipsoid.It is on this surface camera-to-camera stereo matching will be performed to determine cloud altitude. Topographic distortions are removed.Corrections due to errors in the supplied Navigation and attitude data are obtained during Terrain-projected parameter processing and are applied to these parameters.)
This file contains Terrain-projected TOA Radiance,resampled at the surface and topographically corrected, as well as geometrically corrected by PGE22.  It is used for MISR Near Real Time processing, and is derived from session-based Level 0 input files. (Suggested Usage: Both the MISR Near Real Time Level 2 Aerosol/surface retrievals and the cloud mask generation with the MISR Level 2 TOA/cloud retrievals need radiances from all 9 cameras of MISR to be coregistered and projected to the earth's surface using a common map projection,which ensures that the same boundary conditions apply to each of the 9 views.This involves corrections for topographic distortion,band displacement,and errors in the supplied navigation and attitude data.)
This is the MISR Level 2 Cloud Motion Vector Product containing height-resolved cloud motion vectors with associated data in BUFR format.  It is used for MISR Near Real Time processing, and is derived from session-based Level 0 input files. (Suggested Usage: This Near Real Time product is to be used as a constraint on wind field in numerical weather prediction on a global or regional basis.)
This is the MISR Level 2 Cloud Motion Vector Product containing height-resolved cloud motion vectors with associated data.  It is used for MISR Near Real Time processing, and is derived from session-based Level 0 input files. (Suggested Usage: This Near Real Time product is to be used as a constraint on wind field in numerical weather prediction on a global or regional basis.)
The L1B Low Resolution granule consists of radiometrically calibrated spectra & associated NESR, observed at 0.1 cm-1 resolution for a Special Observation & organized by observed target scene & instrument parameters such as focal plane/filter & pixel ID. (Suggested Usage: The L1B Spectra Special Observation Low Resolution file consists of radiometrically calibrated spectra and associated NESR observed at 0.1 cm-1 resolution. These spectra are the input measurements to the Level 2 retrieval algorithm that will produce the L2 Special Observation Data Products. The spectra can be used directly as radiance measurements of the earth and atmosphere.)
This global data set of photosynthetic rates and leaf nutrient traits was compiled from a comprehensive literature review. It includes estimates of Vcmax (maximum rate of carboxylation), Jmax (maximum rate of electron transport), leaf nitrogen content (N), leaf phosphorus content (P), and specific leaf area (SLA) data from both experimental and ambient field conditions, for a total of 325 species and treatment combinations. Both the original published Vcmax and Jmax values as well as estimates at standard temperature are reported. The maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) are primary determinants of photosynthetic rates in plants, and modeled carbon fluxes are highly sensitive to these parameters. Previous studies have shown that Vcmax and Jmax correlate with leaf nitrogen across species and regions, and locally across species with leaf phosphorus and specific leaf area, yet no universal relationship suitable for global-scale models is currently available. These data are suitable for exploring the general relationships of Vcmax and Jmax with each other and with leaf N, P and SLA. This data set contains one *.csv file.
This global data set of photosynthetic rates and leaf nutrient traits was compiled from a comprehensive literature review. It includes estimates of Vcmax (maximum rate of carboxylation), Jmax (maximum rate of electron transport), leaf nitrogen content (N), leaf phosphorus content (P), and specific leaf area (SLA) data from both experimental and ambient field conditions, for a total of 325 species and treatment combinations. Both the original published Vcmax and Jmax values as well as estimates at standard temperature are reported. The maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) are primary determinants of photosynthetic rates in plants, and modeled carbon fluxes are highly sensitive to these parameters. Previous studies have shown that Vcmax and Jmax correlate with leaf nitrogen across species and regions, and locally across species with leaf phosphorus and specific leaf area, yet no universal relationship suitable for global-scale models is currently available. These data are suitable for exploring the general relationships of Vcmax and Jmax with each other and with leaf N, P and SLA. This data set contains one *.csv file.
ABSTRACT: This global data set of photosynthetic rates and leaf nutrient traits was compiled from a comprehensive literature review. It includes estimates of Vcmax (maximum rate of carboxylation), Jmax (maximum rate of electron transport), leaf nitrogen content (N), leaf phosphorus content (P), and specific leaf area (SLA) data from both experimental and ambient field conditions, for a total of 325 species and treatment combinations. Both the original published Vcmax and Jmax values as well as estimates at standard temperature are reported. The maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) are primary determinants of photosynthetic rates in plants, and modeled carbon fluxes are highly sensitive to these parameters. Previous studies have shown that Vcmax and Jmax correlate with leaf nitrogen across species and regions, and locally across species with leaf phosphorus and specific leaf area, yet no universal relationship suitable for global-scale models is currently available. These data are suitable for exploring the general relationships of Vcmax and Jmax with each other and with leaf N, P and SLA. This data set contains one *.csv file.
This data set provides global leaf area index (LAI) values for woody species. The data are a compilation of field-observed data from 1,216 locations obtained from 554 literature sources published between 1932 and 2011. Only site-specific maximum LAI values were included from the sources; values affected by significant artificial treatments (e.g. continuous fertilization and/or irrigation) and LAI values that were low due to drought or disturbance (e.g. intensive thinning, wildfire, or disease), or because vegetation was immature or old/declining, were excluded (Lio et al., 2014). To maximize the generic applicability of the data, original LAI values from source literature and values standardized using the definition of half of total surface area (HSA) are included. Supporting information, such as geographical coordinates of plot, altitude, stand age, name of dominant species, plant functional types, and climate data are also provided in the data file. There is one data file in comma-separated (.csv) format with this data set and one companion file which provides the data sources.
This data set provides global leaf area index (LAI) values for woody species. The data are a compilation of field-observed data from 1,216 locations obtained from 554 literature sources published between 1932 and 2011. Only site-specific maximum LAI values were included from the sources; values affected by significant artificial treatments (e.g. continuous fertilization and/or irrigation) and LAI values that were low due to drought or disturbance (e.g. intensive thinning, wildfire, or disease), or because vegetation was immature or old/declining, were excluded (Lio et al., 2014). To maximize the generic applicability of the data, original LAI values from source literature and values standardized using the definition of half of total surface area (HSA) are included. Supporting information, such as geographical coordinates of plot, altitude, stand age, name of dominant species, plant functional types, and climate data are also provided in the data file. There is one data file in comma-separated (.csv) format with this data set and one companion file which provides the data sources.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides global leaf area index (LAI) values for woody species. The data are a compilation of field-observed data from 1,216 locations obtained from 554 literature sources published between 1932 and 2011. Only site-specific maximum LAI values were included from the sources; values affected by significant artificial treatments (e.g. continuous fertilization and/or irrigation) and LAI values that were low due to drought or disturbance (e.g. intensive thinning, wildfire, or disease), or because vegetation was immature or old/declining, were excluded (Lio et al., 2014). To maximize the generic applicability of the data, original LAI values from source literature and values standardized using the definition of half of total surface area (HSA) are included. Supporting information, such as geographical coordinates of plot, altitude, stand age, name of dominant species, plant functional types, and climate data are also provided in the data file. There is one data file in comma-separated (.csv) format with this data set and one companion file which provides the data sources.
This data set provides concentrations of soil phosphorus (P) compiled from the peer-reviewed literature that cited the Hedley fractionation method (Hedley and Stewart, 1982). This database contains estimates of different forms of naturally occurring soil phosphorus, including labile inorganic P, organic P, occluded P, secondary mineral P, apatite P, and total P, based on the analyses of the various Hedley soil fractions.The recent literature survey (Yang and Post, 2011) was restricted to studies of natural, unfertilized, and uncultivated soils since 1995. Ninety measurements of soil P fractions were identified. These were added to the 88 values from soils in natural ecosystems that Cross and Schlesinger (1995) had compiled. Cross and Schlesinger provided a comprehensive survey on Hedley P data prior to 1995. Measurement data are provided for studies published from 1985 through 2010. In addition to the Hedley P fraction measurement data Yang and Post (2011) also compiled information on soil order, soil pH, organic carbon and nitrogen content, as well as the geographic location (longitude and latitude) of the measurement sites.
This data set provides concentrations of soil phosphorus (P) compiled from the peer-reviewed literature that cited the Hedley fractionation method (Hedley and Stewart, 1982). This database contains estimates of different forms of naturally occurring soil phosphorus, including labile inorganic P, organic P, occluded P, secondary mineral P, apatite P, and total P, based on the analyses of the various Hedley soil fractions.The recent literature survey (Yang and Post, 2011) was restricted to studies of natural, unfertilized, and uncultivated soils since 1995. Ninety measurements of soil P fractions were identified. These were added to the 88 values from soils in natural ecosystems that Cross and Schlesinger (1995) had compiled. Cross and Schlesinger provided a comprehensive survey on Hedley P data prior to 1995. Measurement data are provided for studies published from 1985 through 2010. In addition to the Hedley P fraction measurement data Yang and Post (2011) also compiled information on soil order, soil pH, organic carbon and nitrogen content, as well as the geographic location (longitude and latitude) of the measurement sites.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides concentrations of soil phosphorus (P) compiled from the peer-reviewed literature that cited the Hedley fractionation method (Hedley and Stewart, 1982). This database contains estimates of different forms of naturally occurring soil phosphorus, including labile inorganic P, organic P, occluded P, secondary mineral P, apatite P, and total P, based on the analyses of the various Hedley soil fractions.The recent literature survey (Yang and Post, 2011) was restricted to studies of natural, unfertilized, and uncultivated soils since 1995. Ninety measurements of soil P fractions were identified. These were added to the 88 values from soils in natural ecosystems that Cross and Schlesinger (1995) had compiled. Cross and Schlesinger provided a comprehensive survey on Hedley P data prior to 1995. Measurement data are provided for studies published from 1985 through 2010. In addition to the Hedley P fraction measurement data Yang and Post (2011) also compiled information on soil order, soil pH, organic carbon and nitrogen content, as well as the geographic location (longitude and latitude) of the measurement sites.
This data set provides an update of the soil respiration database (SRDB), a near-universal compendium of published soil respiration (RS) data. Soil respiration, the flux of autotrophically- and heterotrophically-generated CO2 from the soil to the atmosphere, remains the least well-constrained component of the terrestrial Carbon cycle. The database encompasses all published studies that report at least one of the following data measured in the field (not laboratory): annual RS, mean seasonal RS, a seasonal or annual partitioning of RS into its sources fluxes, RS temperature response (Q10), or RS at 10 degrees C. The SRDB's orientation is thus to seasonal and annual fluxes, not shorter-term or chamber-specific measurements, and the database is dominated by temperate, well-drained forest measurement locations. The data set includes a file of RS data and a linked file of study bibliographic data; both files are in comma-separated format.
This data set provides an update of the soil respiration database (SRDB), a near-universal compendium of published soil respiration (RS) data. Soil respiration, the flux of autotrophically- and heterotrophically-generated CO2 from the soil to the atmosphere, remains the least well-constrained component of the terrestrial Carbon cycle. The database encompasses all published studies that report at least one of the following data measured in the field (not laboratory): annual RS, mean seasonal RS, a seasonal or annual partitioning of RS into its sources fluxes, RS temperature response (Q10), or RS at 10 degrees C. The SRDB's orientation is thus to seasonal and annual fluxes, not shorter-term or chamber-specific measurements, and the database is dominated by temperate, well-drained forest measurement locations. The data set includes a file of RS data and a linked file of study bibliographic data; both files are in comma-separated format.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides an update of the soil respiration database (SRDB), a near-universal compendium of published soil respiration (RS) data. Soil respiration, the flux of autotrophically- and heterotrophically-generated CO2 from the soil to the atmosphere, remains the least well-constrained component of the terrestrial Carbon cycle. The database encompasses all published studies that report at least one of the following data measured in the field (not laboratory): annual RS, mean seasonal RS, a seasonal or annual partitioning of RS into its sources fluxes, RS temperature response (Q10), or RS at 10 degrees C. The SRDB's orientation is thus to seasonal and annual fluxes, not shorter-term or chamber-specific measurements, and the database is dominated by temperate, well-drained forest measurement locations. The data set includes a file of RS data and a linked file of study bibliographic data; both files are in comma-separated format.
These data consist of high-resolution maps of aboveground biomass at four forested sites in the US: Garcia River Tract in California, Anne Arundel and Howard Counties in Maryland, Parker Tract in North Carolina, and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Biomass maps were generated using a combination of field data (forest inventory and Lidar) and modeling approaches. Estimates of uncertainty are also provided for the Maryland site using two different modeling methodologies.These data provide estimates of aboveground biomass for the nominal year of 2011 at 20-50 meter resolution in units of megagrams of carbon per hectare (or acre for the Garcia Tract site).The data are presented as a series of 11 GeoTIFF (*.tif) files.
These data consist of high-resolution maps of aboveground biomass at four forested sites in the US: Garcia River Tract in California, Anne Arundel and Howard Counties in Maryland, Parker Tract in North Carolina, and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Biomass maps were generated using a combination of field data (forest inventory and Lidar) and modeling approaches. Estimates of uncertainty are also provided for the Maryland site using two different modeling methodologies.These data provide estimates of aboveground biomass for the nominal year of 2011 at 20-50 meter resolution in units of megagrams of carbon per hectare (or acre for the Garcia Tract site).The data are presented as a series of 11 GeoTIFF (*.tif) files.
ABSTRACT: These data consist of high-resolution maps of aboveground biomass at four forested sites in the US: Garcia River Tract in California, Anne Arundel and Howard Counties in Maryland, Parker Tract in North Carolina, and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Biomass maps were generated using a combination of field data (forest inventory and Lidar) and modeling approaches. Estimates of uncertainty are also provided for the Maryland site using two different modeling methodologies.These data provide estimates of aboveground biomass for the nominal year of 2011 at 20-50 meter resolution in units of megagrams of carbon per hectare (or acre for the Garcia Tract site).The data are presented as a series of 11 GeoTIFF (*.tif) files.
This data set contains global data on soil properties, global maps of soil distributions, and the SoilData System developed by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBP-DIS). These data were originally distributed on CD-ROM, but are provided here as a single zip file. The SoilData System allows users to generate soil information and maps for geographic regions at soil depths and resolutions selected by the user. Derived surfaces of carbon density, nutrient status, water-holding capacity, and heat capacity are provided for modeling and inventory purposes.
This data set contains global data on soil properties, global maps of soil distributions, and the SoilData System developed by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBP-DIS). These data were originally distributed on CD-ROM, but are provided here as a single zip file. The SoilData System allows users to generate soil information and maps for geographic regions at soil depths and resolutions selected by the user. Derived surfaces of carbon density, nutrient status, water-holding capacity, and heat capacity are provided for modeling and inventory purposes.
ABSTRACT: This data set contains global data on soil properties, global maps of soil distributions, and the SoilData System developed by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBP-DIS). These data were originally distributed on CD-ROM, but are provided here as a single zip file. The SoilData System allows users to generate soil information and maps for geographic regions at soil depths and resolutions selected by the user. Derived surfaces of carbon density, nutrient status, water-holding capacity, and heat capacity are provided for modeling and inventory purposes.
These data represent fractional land use and land cover patterns annually for the years 1500 - 2100 for the globe at 0.5-degree (~50-km) spatial resolution. Land use categories of cropland, pasture, primary land, secondary (recovering) land, and urban land, and underlying annual land-use transitions, are included. Annual data on age and biomass density of secondary land, as well as annual wood harvest, are included for each grid cell. Historical land cover data for the years 1500 - 2005 are based on HYDE 3.1 and future land cover projections for the period 2006 - 2100 came from four Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) scenarios which reach different levels of radiative forcing by year 2100: MESSAGE (8.5 W/m2), AIM (6 W/m2), GCAM (4.5 W/m2), and IMAGE (2.6 W/m2). A key feature of these data is that historical reconstructions of land use were harmonized (computationally adjusted to minimize differences at the transition period) with modeled future scenarios, allowing for a seamless examination of historical and future land use. The output data present a single consistent, spatially gridded set of land-use change scenarios for studies of human impacts on the past, present, and future Earth system. For additional information about the algorithms, inputs, and options used in creating the land use transitions data, please refer to Hurtt et al. (2006) and Hurtt et al. (2011).Data are presented as a series of twenty (20) different data products representing different past and future model scenarios. There are a total of 560 NetCDF v4 files (*.nc4), one for each combination of data product and land use variable.
These data represent fractional land use and land cover patterns annually for the years 1500 - 2100 for the globe at 0.5-degree (~50-km) spatial resolution. Land use categories of cropland, pasture, primary land, secondary (recovering) land, and urban land, and underlying annual land-use transitions, are included. Annual data on age and biomass density of secondary land, as well as annual wood harvest, are included for each grid cell. Historical land cover data for the years 1500 - 2005 are based on HYDE 3.1 and future land cover projections for the period 2006 - 2100 came from four Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) scenarios which reach different levels of radiative forcing by year 2100: MESSAGE (8.5 W/m2), AIM (6 W/m2), GCAM (4.5 W/m2), and IMAGE (2.6 W/m2). A key feature of these data is that historical reconstructions of land use were harmonized (computationally adjusted to minimize differences at the transition period) with modeled future scenarios, allowing for a seamless examination of historical and future land use. The output data present a single consistent, spatially gridded set of land-use change scenarios for studies of human impacts on the past, present, and future Earth system. For additional information about the algorithms, inputs, and options used in creating the land use transitions data, please refer to Hurtt et al. (2006) and Hurtt et al. (2011).Data are presented as a series of twenty (20) different data products representing different past and future model scenarios. There are a total of 560 NetCDF v4 files (*.nc4), one for each combination of data product and land use variable.
ABSTRACT: These data represent fractional land use and land cover patterns annually for the years 1500 - 2100 for the globe at 0.5-degree (~50-km) spatial resolution. Land use categories of cropland, pasture, primary land, secondary (recovering) land, and urban land, and underlying annual land-use transitions, are included. Annual data on age and biomass density of secondary land, as well as annual wood harvest, are included for each grid cell. Historical land cover data for the years 1500 - 2005 are based on HYDE 3.1 and future land cover projections for the period 2006 - 2100 came from four Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) scenarios which reach different levels of radiative forcing by year 2100: MESSAGE (8.5 W/m2), AIM (6 W/m2), GCAM (4.5 W/m2), and IMAGE (2.6 W/m2). A key feature of these data is that historical reconstructions of land use were harmonized (computationally adjusted to minimize differences at the transition period) with modeled future scenarios, allowing for a seamless examination of historical and future land use. The output data present a single consistent, spatially gridded set of land-use change scenarios for studies of human impacts on the past, present, and future Earth system. For additional information about the algorithms, inputs, and options used in creating the land use transitions data, please refer to Hurtt et al. (2006) and Hurtt et al. (2011).Data are presented as a series of twenty (20) different data products representing different past and future model scenarios. There are a total of 560 NetCDF v4 files (*.nc4), one for each combination of data product and land use variable.
This data set for the ISLSCP Initiative II data collection provides near surface meteorological variables, fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum at the surface, and land surface state variables, all with a spatial resolution of 1 degree in both latitude and longitude. There are four temporal categories of data: time invariant and monthly mean annual cycle fields (together referred to as "fixed" fields), monthly mean fields, monthly 3-hourly diurnal, and 3-hourly fields. Two types of variables exist in this data; instantaneous fields (primarily state variables), and average fields (primarily flux fields expressed as a rate). The Center for Ocean-Land Atmosphere Studies (COLA) near-surface data set for ISLSCP II was derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP-II) reanalysis (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/wesley/reanalysis2/), covering the years from 1979-2003. The data set for ISLSCP II covers the period from 1986 to 1995. The purpose of the reanalysis was to provide an improved version of the original NCEP/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for General Circulation Model (GCM) validation. To co-register the NCEP/DOE reanalysis on the ISLSCP 1-degree grid, the reanalysis data set was regridded from its native T62 Gaussian grid) resolution (192 x 94 grid boxes globally) to 1-degree ISLSCP II required resolution.There are 136 compressed (.tar.gz) data files with this data set. When extrapolated, the individual data files are in ASCII (.asc) format.
This data set for the ISLSCP Initiative II data collection provides near surface meteorological variables, fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum at the surface, and land surface state variables, all with a spatial resolution of 1 degree in both latitude and longitude. There are four temporal categories of data: time invariant and monthly mean annual cycle fields (together referred to as "fixed" fields), monthly mean fields, monthly 3-hourly diurnal, and 3-hourly fields. Two types of variables exist in this data; instantaneous fields (primarily state variables), and average fields (primarily flux fields expressed as a rate). The Center for Ocean-Land Atmosphere Studies (COLA) near-surface data set for ISLSCP II was derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP-II) reanalysis (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/wesley/reanalysis2/), covering the years from 1979-2003. The data set for ISLSCP II covers the period from 1986 to 1995. The purpose of the reanalysis was to provide an improved version of the original NCEP/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for General Circulation Model (GCM) validation. To co-register the NCEP/DOE reanalysis on the ISLSCP 1-degree grid, the reanalysis data set was regridded from its native T62 Gaussian grid) resolution (192 x 94 grid boxes globally) to 1-degree ISLSCP II required resolution.There are 136 compressed (.tar.gz) data files with this data set. When extrapolated, the individual data files are in ASCII (.asc) format.
ABSTRACT: This data set for the ISLSCP Initiative II data collection provides near surface meteorological variables, fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum at the surface, and land surface state variables, all with a spatial resolution of 1 degree in both latitude and longitude. There are four temporal categories of data: time invariant and monthly mean annual cycle fields (together referred to as "fixed" fields), monthly mean fields, monthly 3-hourly diurnal, and 3-hourly fields. Two types of variables exist in this data; instantaneous fields (primarily state variables), and average fields (primarily flux fields expressed as a rate). The Center for Ocean-Land Atmosphere Studies (COLA) near-surface data set for ISLSCP II was derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP-II) reanalysis (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/wesley/reanalysis2/), covering the years from 1979-2003. The data set for ISLSCP II covers the period from 1986 to 1995. The purpose of the reanalysis was to provide an improved version of the original NCEP/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis for General Circulation Model (GCM) validation. To co-register the NCEP/DOE reanalysis on the ISLSCP 1-degree grid, the reanalysis data set was regridded from its native T62 Gaussian grid) resolution (192 x 94 grid boxes globally) to 1-degree ISLSCP II required resolution.There are 136 compressed (.tar.gz) data files with this data set. When extrapolated, the individual data files are in ASCII (.asc) format.
This data set contains estimates of understory fuel loads (forest litter) at six locations near Paragominas in Northeastern Amazonia. Samples were collected from three different forest conditions: primary forest, logged forest, and burned forest. Volumes and weights are provided by size and condition class based on the planar transect method of estimating understory fuel loads (Brown 1971). Means and standard errors are reported from 3 transects in each forest x condition class. There is one comma-delimited data file (.csv) with this data set.DATA QUALITY STATEMENT: The Data Center has determined that there are questions about the quality of the data reported in this data set. The data set has missing or incomplete data, metadata, or other documentation that diminishes the usability of the products.
This data set contains estimates of understory fuel loads (forest litter) at six locations near Paragominas in Northeastern Amazonia. Samples were collected from three different forest conditions: primary forest, logged forest, and burned forest. Volumes and weights are provided by size and condition class based on the planar transect method of estimating understory fuel loads (Brown 1971). Means and standard errors are reported from 3 transects in each forest x condition class. There is one comma-delimited data file (.csv) with this data set.DATA QUALITY STATEMENT: The Data Center has determined that there are questions about the quality of the data reported in this data set. The data set has missing or incomplete data, metadata, or other documentation that diminishes the usability of the products.
ABSTRACT: This data set contains estimates of understory fuel loads (forest litter) at six locations near Paragominas in Northeastern Amazonia. Samples were collected from three different forest conditions: primary forest, logged forest, and burned forest. Volumes and weights are provided by size and condition class based on the planar transect method of estimating understory fuel loads (Brown 1971). Means and standard errors are reported from 3 transects in each forest x condition class. There is one comma-delimited data file (.csv) with this data set.DATA QUALITY STATEMENT: The Data Center has determined that there are questions about the quality of the data reported in this data set. The data set has missing or incomplete data, metadata, or other documentation that diminishes the usability of the products.
This data set contains moisture content measurements for fuel sticks located in the forest understory of the rainfall exclusion experimental site, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. The mean and standard errors are reported for control and treatment plot measurements. The measurements were taken on various dates and times of day between 1998 and 2000 during the dry season.The rainfall exclusion treatment began in late January 2000 and continued through December 2004. About 60% of throughfall (equivalent to approximately half the rainfall) was diverted from a 1-hectare plot (i.e., dry) using plastic panels installed in the understory. The comparable 1-hectare control plot (i.e., wet) was unaltered. The goal of this experiment was to observe the potential effects of severe water stress on a humid Amazonian forest (Nepstad et al., 2002). There is one comma-separated (.csv) data file with this data set.
This data set contains moisture content measurements for fuel sticks located in the forest understory of the rainfall exclusion experimental site, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. The mean and standard errors are reported for control and treatment plot measurements. The measurements were taken on various dates and times of day between 1998 and 2000 during the dry season.The rainfall exclusion treatment began in late January 2000 and continued through December 2004. About 60% of throughfall (equivalent to approximately half the rainfall) was diverted from a 1-hectare plot (i.e., dry) using plastic panels installed in the understory. The comparable 1-hectare control plot (i.e., wet) was unaltered. The goal of this experiment was to observe the potential effects of severe water stress on a humid Amazonian forest (Nepstad et al., 2002). There is one comma-separated (.csv) data file with this data set.
ABSTRACT: This data set contains moisture content measurements for fuel sticks located in the forest understory of the rainfall exclusion experimental site, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. The mean and standard errors are reported for control and treatment plot measurements. The measurements were taken on various dates and times of day between 1998 and 2000 during the dry season.The rainfall exclusion treatment began in late January 2000 and continued through December 2004. About 60% of throughfall (equivalent to approximately half the rainfall) was diverted from a 1-hectare plot (i.e., dry) using plastic panels installed in the understory. The comparable 1-hectare control plot (i.e., wet) was unaltered. The goal of this experiment was to observe the potential effects of severe water stress on a humid Amazonian forest (Nepstad et al., 2002). There is one comma-separated (.csv) data file with this data set.
This data set provides spatially extensive and temporally intensive surveys of the river biogeochemistry of the Ji-Parana River Basin in Western Amazonia, Rondonia, Brazil. The concentrations of major nutrient ions, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity were measured in Ji-Parana River and tributary samples at the defined seasonal or monthly intervals. Dominant landuse/landcover classes, slope, and soil cation exchange capacity are included for each of the extensive sampling locations derived from river basin and sub-basin characteristics.Water samples were collected from 1999 to 2003 along the main stem of the Ji-Parana River as well as from the major tributaries including the Urupa. Shapefiles with the boundaries of the major sub-basins of the study area as well as the location of the sample collection points are included for the intensive and extensive sampling campaigns as well as the Urupa River campaign. There are six comma-separated data files (.csv) and five compressed shapefiles (.zip) with this data set.
This data set provides spatially extensive and temporally intensive surveys of the river biogeochemistry of the Ji-Parana River Basin in Western Amazonia, Rondonia, Brazil. The concentrations of major nutrient ions, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity were measured in Ji-Parana River and tributary samples at the defined seasonal or monthly intervals. Dominant landuse/landcover classes, slope, and soil cation exchange capacity are included for each of the extensive sampling locations derived from river basin and sub-basin characteristics.Water samples were collected from 1999 to 2003 along the main stem of the Ji-Parana River as well as from the major tributaries including the Urupa. Shapefiles with the boundaries of the major sub-basins of the study area as well as the location of the sample collection points are included for the intensive and extensive sampling campaigns as well as the Urupa River campaign. There are six comma-separated data files (.csv) and five compressed shapefiles (.zip) with this data set.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides spatially extensive and temporally intensive surveys of the river biogeochemistry of the Ji-Parana River Basin in Western Amazonia, Rondonia, Brazil. The concentrations of major nutrient ions, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity were measured in Ji-Parana River and tributary samples at the defined seasonal or monthly intervals. Dominant landuse/landcover classes, slope, and soil cation exchange capacity are included for each of the extensive sampling locations derived from river basin and sub-basin characteristics.Water samples were collected from 1999 to 2003 along the main stem of the Ji-Parana River as well as from the major tributaries including the Urupa. Shapefiles with the boundaries of the major sub-basins of the study area as well as the location of the sample collection points are included for the intensive and extensive sampling campaigns as well as the Urupa River campaign. There are six comma-separated data files (.csv) and five compressed shapefiles (.zip) with this data set.
This data set provides measurements for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), leaf area index (LAI), and carbon isotope ratio data (13C and 14C) of leaves sampled at the Manaus ZF2 Jacaranda transect area, Amazonas, Brazil, in 2001. Leaf tips and the petioles from the youngest and oldest leaves from a sampled branch were analyzed for nine different species. There is one  comma-delimited data file (.csv) with this data set.
This data set provides measurements for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), leaf area index (LAI), and carbon isotope ratio data (13C and 14C) of leaves sampled at the Manaus ZF2 Jacaranda transect area, Amazonas, Brazil, in 2001. Leaf tips and the petioles from the youngest and oldest leaves from a sampled branch were analyzed for nine different species. There is one  comma-delimited data file (.csv) with this data set.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides measurements for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), leaf area index (LAI), and carbon isotope ratio data (13C and 14C) of leaves sampled at the Manaus ZF2 Jacaranda transect area, Amazonas, Brazil, in 2001. Leaf tips and the petioles from the youngest and oldest leaves from a sampled branch were analyzed for nine different species. There is one  comma-delimited data file (.csv) with this data set.
This data set provides measurements for diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, distance from tree stems to the furthest canopy element, and a species survey of secondary forests in Para and Rondonia, Brazil, from 2002-2003. The forest areas were defined as Type A and Type B stands. Measurements were made in the overstory, understory, and midstory of each stand. Type A stands were sampled intensively, with the goal of providing high-fidelity spatial information about the 3-dimensional structure of the stand. These stands were 60 x 60-m (0.36-ha) areas divided into 10 x 10-m grids of uniform clearing and abandonment history and were identifiable from Landsat images. Type B stands were sampled extensively, with the goal of providing unbiased estimates of biomass, along with some information about the vertical structure of the stand and of spatial variability. These stands were polygons of uniform clearing and afforestation history based on multitemporal Landsat imagery, and varied in size and shape. The Landsat files provide classified land cover for each scene and can be used as a time series to evaluate land cover change over time. Each Landsat file is a geolocated land cover map based on 30-m Landsat data. NOTE: There were additional files which could not be archived due to file problems. Data Quality Statement: The Data Center has determined that this data set has missing or incomplete data, metadata, or other documentation resulting in diminished usability of this product. Known Problems: Some unresolved issues remain where data values are inconsistent with the variable descriptions provided with the data set. The site identification and plot identification values are not consistently used in all three data files. The variables are not adequately described.
This data set provides measurements for diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, distance from tree stems to the furthest canopy element, and a species survey of secondary forests in Para and Rondonia, Brazil, from 2002-2003. The forest areas were defined as Type A and Type B stands. Measurements were made in the overstory, understory, and midstory of each stand. Type A stands were sampled intensively, with the goal of providing high-fidelity spatial information about the 3-dimensional structure of the stand. These stands were 60 x 60-m (0.36-ha) areas divided into 10 x 10-m grids of uniform clearing and abandonment history and were identifiable from Landsat images. Type B stands were sampled extensively, with the goal of providing unbiased estimates of biomass, along with some information about the vertical structure of the stand and of spatial variability. These stands were polygons of uniform clearing and afforestation history based on multitemporal Landsat imagery, and varied in size and shape. The Landsat files provide classified land cover for each scene and can be used as a time series to evaluate land cover change over time. Each Landsat file is a geolocated land cover map based on 30-m Landsat data. NOTE: There were additional files which could not be archived due to file problems. Data Quality Statement: The Data Center has determined that this data set has missing or incomplete data, metadata, or other documentation resulting in diminished usability of this product. Known Problems: Some unresolved issues remain where data values are inconsistent with the variable descriptions provided with the data set. The site identification and plot identification values are not consistently used in all three data files. The variables are not adequately described.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides measurements for diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, distance from tree stems to the furthest canopy element, and a species survey of secondary forests in Para and Rondonia, Brazil, from 2002-2003. The forest areas were defined as Type A and Type B stands. Measurements were made in the overstory, understory, and midstory of each stand. Type A stands were sampled intensively, with the goal of providing high-fidelity spatial information about the 3-dimensional structure of the stand. These stands were 60 x 60-m (0.36-ha) areas divided into 10 x 10-m grids of uniform clearing and abandonment history and were identifiable from Landsat images. Type B stands were sampled extensively, with the goal of providing unbiased estimates of biomass, along with some information about the vertical structure of the stand and of spatial variability. These stands were polygons of uniform clearing and afforestation history based on multitemporal Landsat imagery, and varied in size and shape. The Landsat files provide classified land cover for each scene and can be used as a time series to evaluate land cover change over time. Each Landsat file is a geolocated land cover map based on 30-m Landsat data. NOTE: There were additional files which could not be archived due to file problems. Data Quality Statement: The Data Center has determined that this data set has missing or incomplete data, metadata, or other documentation resulting in diminished usability of this product. Known Problems: Some unresolved issues remain where data values are inconsistent with the variable descriptions provided with the data set. The site identification and plot identification values are not consistently used in all three data files. The variables are not adequately described.
This data set provides diameter at breast height (DBH) measurements for 1,063 trees located at the Catuaba Experimental Farm, and 812 trees located in the Humaita Forest Reserve. Both sites are in the state of Acre, southwest Amazonia, Brazil. Measurements were made on individuals with DBH between 10 and 35 cm and individuals with DBH > 35 cm.  The Catuaba Experimental Farm is part of a forest fragment of approximately 800 ha. The Humaita Forest Reserve is located in a 1,500-ha forest band with dominant bamboo characteristic. Ten-ha areas were inventoried at both sites. There is one data file in comma-delimited (.csv) format with this data set. There is also one companion data file with supplemental Catuaba site tree height and biomass data.
This data set provides diameter at breast height (DBH) measurements for 1,063 trees located at the Catuaba Experimental Farm, and 812 trees located in the Humaita Forest Reserve. Both sites are in the state of Acre, southwest Amazonia, Brazil. Measurements were made on individuals with DBH between 10 and 35 cm and individuals with DBH > 35 cm.  The Catuaba Experimental Farm is part of a forest fragment of approximately 800 ha. The Humaita Forest Reserve is located in a 1,500-ha forest band with dominant bamboo characteristic. Ten-ha areas were inventoried at both sites. There is one data file in comma-delimited (.csv) format with this data set. There is also one companion data file with supplemental Catuaba site tree height and biomass data.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides diameter at breast height (DBH) measurements for 1,063 trees located at the Catuaba Experimental Farm, and 812 trees located in the Humaita Forest Reserve. Both sites are in the state of Acre, southwest Amazonia, Brazil. Measurements were made on individuals with DBH between 10 and 35 cm and individuals with DBH > 35 cm.  The Catuaba Experimental Farm is part of a forest fragment of approximately 800 ha. The Humaita Forest Reserve is located in a 1,500-ha forest band with dominant bamboo characteristic. Ten-ha areas were inventoried at both sites. There is one data file in comma-delimited (.csv) format with this data set. There is also one companion data file with supplemental Catuaba site tree height and biomass data.
This data set provides coordinates for points at the mouth of tributaries of the Acre River in the Tri-national River Basin in South America. Three Global Positioning System (GPS) readings were made at the outlet of each tributary and the average of the three readings is reported. The Tri-national River Basin is located in the tri-national frontier region of Madre de Dios, Peru, Acre, Brazil, and Pando, Bolivia (known as the MAP region). The MAP region is approximately 300,000 km2. The Acre River flows through Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. Data on the basin drainage network from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was obtained as a source of information for the border areas. The GPS readings were part of an assessment of the reliability of the DEM/SRTM drainage network data (Maldonadoae and Brown, 2003). There is one data file in comma-delimited (.csv) format and one compamion file (.pdf) with this data set.  DATA QUALITY STATEMENT: This data set provides GPS coordinates only and is not associated with any additional measurements. There is no associated research documentation.
This data set provides coordinates for points at the mouth of tributaries of the Acre River in the Tri-national River Basin in South America. Three Global Positioning System (GPS) readings were made at the outlet of each tributary and the average of the three readings is reported. The Tri-national River Basin is located in the tri-national frontier region of Madre de Dios, Peru, Acre, Brazil, and Pando, Bolivia (known as the MAP region). The MAP region is approximately 300,000 km2. The Acre River flows through Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. Data on the basin drainage network from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was obtained as a source of information for the border areas. The GPS readings were part of an assessment of the reliability of the DEM/SRTM drainage network data (Maldonadoae and Brown, 2003). There is one data file in comma-delimited (.csv) format and one compamion file (.pdf) with this data set.  DATA QUALITY STATEMENT: This data set provides GPS coordinates only and is not associated with any additional measurements. There is no associated research documentation.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides coordinates for points at the mouth of tributaries of the Acre River in the Tri-national River Basin in South America. Three Global Positioning System (GPS) readings were made at the outlet of each tributary and the average of the three readings is reported. The Tri-national River Basin is located in the tri-national frontier region of Madre de Dios, Peru, Acre, Brazil, and Pando, Bolivia (known as the MAP region). The MAP region is approximately 300,000 km2. The Acre River flows through Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. Data on the basin drainage network from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was obtained as a source of information for the border areas. The GPS readings were part of an assessment of the reliability of the DEM/SRTM drainage network data (Maldonadoae and Brown, 2003). There is one data file in comma-delimited (.csv) format and one compamion file (.pdf) with this data set.  DATA QUALITY STATEMENT: This data set provides GPS coordinates only and is not associated with any additional measurements. There is no associated research documentation.
This data set provides Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composite images of the Amazon Basin for the years 1999-2000 at approximately1-km spatial resolution. The images were from the VEGETATION 1 sensor, aboard the SPOT 4 satellite.Ten day composite images were reprocessed through several filters for cloud removal. Monthly NDVI data were used to create five metrics: maximum NDVI, minimum of 6 greenest months, range of NDVI between min and max, mean NDVI dry months, and mean NDVI wet months. There are five GeoTIFF (.tif) files with this data set.
This data set provides Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composite images of the Amazon Basin for the years 1999-2000 at approximately1-km spatial resolution. The images were from the VEGETATION 1 sensor, aboard the SPOT 4 satellite.Ten day composite images were reprocessed through several filters for cloud removal. Monthly NDVI data were used to create five metrics: maximum NDVI, minimum of 6 greenest months, range of NDVI between min and max, mean NDVI dry months, and mean NDVI wet months. There are five GeoTIFF (.tif) files with this data set.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composite images of the Amazon Basin for the years 1999-2000 at approximately1-km spatial resolution. The images were from the VEGETATION 1 sensor, aboard the SPOT 4 satellite.Ten day composite images were reprocessed through several filters for cloud removal. Monthly NDVI data were used to create five metrics: maximum NDVI, minimum of 6 greenest months, range of NDVI between min and max, mean NDVI dry months, and mean NDVI wet months. There are five GeoTIFF (.tif) files with this data set.
This data set provides measurements for foliar nutrients from logging blocks in the Tapajos National Forest, Para Western Santarem, Brazil. Data are included for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K) concentrations. In March 2003 foliar samples were collected from the cover types remaining after selective logging in 2002: forest, tree-fall gaps, skids, roads, and deck areas. Fresh foliage was also collected in March 2003, from 192 upper canopy species at an intact forest site 17 km from the logging area. There are two data files with this data set.
This data set provides measurements for foliar nutrients from logging blocks in the Tapajos National Forest, Para Western Santarem, Brazil. Data are included for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K) concentrations. In March 2003 foliar samples were collected from the cover types remaining after selective logging in 2002: forest, tree-fall gaps, skids, roads, and deck areas. Fresh foliage was also collected in March 2003, from 192 upper canopy species at an intact forest site 17 km from the logging area. There are two data files with this data set.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides measurements for foliar nutrients from logging blocks in the Tapajos National Forest, Para Western Santarem, Brazil. Data are included for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K) concentrations. In March 2003 foliar samples were collected from the cover types remaining after selective logging in 2002: forest, tree-fall gaps, skids, roads, and deck areas. Fresh foliage was also collected in March 2003, from 192 upper canopy species at an intact forest site 17 km from the logging area. There are two data files with this data set.
This data set provides measurements for soil nutrients from areas that were selectively logged and from control areas in the Tapajos National Forest, Para Western Santarem, Brazil. Data are included for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), silicon (Si), carbon 13, nitrogen 15, and potassium (K) concentrations. In addition, data are included for Phosphorus fractionation which was performed on a subset of the soils, and soil bulk density measurements. The samples were from clay-dominated (oxisols) soils.
This data set provides measurements for soil nutrients from areas that were selectively logged and from control areas in the Tapajos National Forest, Para Western Santarem, Brazil. Data are included for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), silicon (Si), carbon 13, nitrogen 15, and potassium (K) concentrations. In addition, data are included for Phosphorus fractionation which was performed on a subset of the soils, and soil bulk density measurements. The samples were from clay-dominated (oxisols) soils.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides measurements for soil nutrients from areas that were selectively logged and from control areas in the Tapajos National Forest, Para Western Santarem, Brazil. Data are included for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), silicon (Si), carbon 13, nitrogen 15, and potassium (K) concentrations. In addition, data are included for Phosphorus fractionation which was performed on a subset of the soils, and soil bulk density measurements. The samples were from clay-dominated (oxisols) soils.
This data set contains soil water measurements to a depth of 3 meters for the years 1999, 2000, and 2001, and total monthly precipitation data for 1999-2000. The data were collected from a pasture site located at the Embrapa Pasture Research Site, a former cattle research station 54 km north of Manaus on the highway BR 174 Manaus-Boa Vista, Brazil. There are three comma-separated data files (.csv) with this data set.DATA QUALITY STATEMENT: The Data Center has determined that there are questions about the quality of the data reported in this data set. The data set has missing or incomplete data, metadata, or other documentation that diminishes the usability of the products. KNOWN PROBLEMS: There is no associated research documentation and the units were not provided with the data.
This data set contains soil water measurements to a depth of 3 meters for the years 1999, 2000, and 2001, and total monthly precipitation data for 1999-2000. The data were collected from a pasture site located at the Embrapa Pasture Research Site, a former cattle research station 54 km north of Manaus on the highway BR 174 Manaus-Boa Vista, Brazil. There are three comma-separated data files (.csv) with this data set.DATA QUALITY STATEMENT: The Data Center has determined that there are questions about the quality of the data reported in this data set. The data set has missing or incomplete data, metadata, or other documentation that diminishes the usability of the products. KNOWN PROBLEMS: There is no associated research documentation and the units were not provided with the data.
ABSTRACT: This data set contains soil water measurements to a depth of 3 meters for the years 1999, 2000, and 2001, and total monthly precipitation data for 1999-2000. The data were collected from a pasture site located at the Embrapa Pasture Research Site, a former cattle research station 54 km north of Manaus on the highway BR 174 Manaus-Boa Vista, Brazil. There are three comma-separated data files (.csv) with this data set.DATA QUALITY STATEMENT: The Data Center has determined that there are questions about the quality of the data reported in this data set. The data set has missing or incomplete data, metadata, or other documentation that diminishes the usability of the products. KNOWN PROBLEMS: There is no associated research documentation and the units were not provided with the data.
This data set provides (1) carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentration measurements of two soil aggregate fractions (250-2000 micon, small macro-aggregates (SMAG)), and (53-250 micron (micro-aggregates (mico)) and (2) in situ soil respiration measurements (January-March 2003) on sand and clay soils from a Eucalyptus plantation and an adjacent primary forest. The soils for fractionation were sampled in July 2001 from 0-20 cm and 30-50 cm depths. The research site was on the property of Jari Celulose, Monte Dourado, Para, Brazil. There are two files with this data set in comma-delimited (.csv) format.
This data set provides (1) carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentration measurements of two soil aggregate fractions (250-2000 micon, small macro-aggregates (SMAG)), and (53-250 micron (micro-aggregates (mico)) and (2) in situ soil respiration measurements (January-March 2003) on sand and clay soils from a Eucalyptus plantation and an adjacent primary forest. The soils for fractionation were sampled in July 2001 from 0-20 cm and 30-50 cm depths. The research site was on the property of Jari Celulose, Monte Dourado, Para, Brazil. There are two files with this data set in comma-delimited (.csv) format.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides (1) carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentration measurements of two soil aggregate fractions (250-2000 micon, small macro-aggregates (SMAG)), and (53-250 micron (micro-aggregates (mico)) and (2) in situ soil respiration measurements (January-March 2003) on sand and clay soils from a Eucalyptus plantation and an adjacent primary forest. The soils for fractionation were sampled in July 2001 from 0-20 cm and 30-50 cm depths. The research site was on the property of Jari Celulose, Monte Dourado, Para, Brazil. There are two files with this data set in comma-delimited (.csv) format.
This data set provides a summary of the model structure and characteristics of participating models in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-scale synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP), a formal model intercomparison and evaluation effort focused on improving the diagnosis and attribution of carbon exchange at regional and global scales. Model structure refers to the types of processes considered (e.g. nutrient cycling, disturbance, lateral transport of carbon), and the specific ways these processes are represented (e.g. photosynthetic formulation, temperature sensitivity, respiration) in the models. These data are the result of a comprehensive survey of investigators responsible for each MsTMIP participating model. For a given characteristic (i.e., process/attribute), a model was assigned a binary value (0 or 1) indicating whether it included a particular characteristic; a value of one (1) was given if it considered or included that process, or a zero (0) if it did not. MsTMIP builds upon current and past synthesis activities, and has a unique framework designed to isolate, interpret, and inform understanding of how model structural differences impact estimates of carbon uptake and release. There is one data file with this data set in .csv format.
This data set provides a summary of the model structure and characteristics of participating models in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-scale synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP), a formal model intercomparison and evaluation effort focused on improving the diagnosis and attribution of carbon exchange at regional and global scales. Model structure refers to the types of processes considered (e.g. nutrient cycling, disturbance, lateral transport of carbon), and the specific ways these processes are represented (e.g. photosynthetic formulation, temperature sensitivity, respiration) in the models. These data are the result of a comprehensive survey of investigators responsible for each MsTMIP participating model. For a given characteristic (i.e., process/attribute), a model was assigned a binary value (0 or 1) indicating whether it included a particular characteristic; a value of one (1) was given if it considered or included that process, or a zero (0) if it did not. MsTMIP builds upon current and past synthesis activities, and has a unique framework designed to isolate, interpret, and inform understanding of how model structural differences impact estimates of carbon uptake and release. There is one data file with this data set in .csv format.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides a summary of the model structure and characteristics of participating models in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-scale synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP), a formal model intercomparison and evaluation effort focused on improving the diagnosis and attribution of carbon exchange at regional and global scales. Model structure refers to the types of processes considered (e.g. nutrient cycling, disturbance, lateral transport of carbon), and the specific ways these processes are represented (e.g. photosynthetic formulation, temperature sensitivity, respiration) in the models. These data are the result of a comprehensive survey of investigators responsible for each MsTMIP participating model. For a given characteristic (i.e., process/attribute), a model was assigned a binary value (0 or 1) indicating whether it included a particular characteristic; a value of one (1) was given if it considered or included that process, or a zero (0) if it did not. MsTMIP builds upon current and past synthesis activities, and has a unique framework designed to isolate, interpret, and inform understanding of how model structural differences impact estimates of carbon uptake and release. There is one data file with this data set in .csv format.
This data set provides soil maps for the United States (US) (including Alaska), Canada, Mexico, and a part of Guatemala. The map information content includes maximum soil depth and eight soil attributes including sand, silt, and clay content, gravel content, organic carbon content, pH, cation exchange capacity, and bulk density for the topsoil layer (0-30 cm) and the subsoil layer (30-100 cm). The spatial resolution is 0.25 degree. The Unified North American Soil Map (UNASM) combined information from the state-of-the-art US General Soil Map (STATSGO2) and Soil Landscape of Canada (SLCs) databases. The area not covered by these data sets was filled by using the Harmonized World Soil Database version 1.21 (HWSD1.21). The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon (NCSCD) database was used to provide more accurate and up-to-date soil organic carbon information for the high-latitude permafrost region and was combined with soil organic carbon content derived from the UNASM (Liu et al., 2013). The UNASM data were utilized in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) as model input driver data (Huntzinger et al., 2013). The driver data were used by 22 terrestrial biosphere models to run baseline and sensitivity simulations. The compilation of these data was facilitated by the NACP Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC). MAST-DC was a component of the NACP (www.nacarbon.org) designed to support NACP by providing data products and data management services needed for modeling and synthesis activities.
This data set provides soil maps for the United States (US) (including Alaska), Canada, Mexico, and a part of Guatemala. The map information content includes maximum soil depth and eight soil attributes including sand, silt, and clay content, gravel content, organic carbon content, pH, cation exchange capacity, and bulk density for the topsoil layer (0-30 cm) and the subsoil layer (30-100 cm). The spatial resolution is 0.25 degree. The Unified North American Soil Map (UNASM) combined information from the state-of-the-art US General Soil Map (STATSGO2) and Soil Landscape of Canada (SLCs) databases. The area not covered by these data sets was filled by using the Harmonized World Soil Database version 1.21 (HWSD1.21). The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon (NCSCD) database was used to provide more accurate and up-to-date soil organic carbon information for the high-latitude permafrost region and was combined with soil organic carbon content derived from the UNASM (Liu et al., 2013). The UNASM data were utilized in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) as model input driver data (Huntzinger et al., 2013). The driver data were used by 22 terrestrial biosphere models to run baseline and sensitivity simulations. The compilation of these data was facilitated by the NACP Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC). MAST-DC was a component of the NACP (www.nacarbon.org) designed to support NACP by providing data products and data management services needed for modeling and synthesis activities.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides soil maps for the United States (US) (including Alaska), Canada, Mexico, and a part of Guatemala. The map information content includes maximum soil depth and eight soil attributes including sand, silt, and clay content, gravel content, organic carbon content, pH, cation exchange capacity, and bulk density for the topsoil layer (0-30 cm) and the subsoil layer (30-100 cm). The spatial resolution is 0.25 degree. The Unified North American Soil Map (UNASM) combined information from the state-of-the-art US General Soil Map (STATSGO2) and Soil Landscape of Canada (SLCs) databases. The area not covered by these data sets was filled by using the Harmonized World Soil Database version 1.21 (HWSD1.21). The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon (NCSCD) database was used to provide more accurate and up-to-date soil organic carbon information for the high-latitude permafrost region and was combined with soil organic carbon content derived from the UNASM (Liu et al., 2013). The UNASM data were utilized in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) as model input driver data (Huntzinger et al., 2013). The driver data were used by 22 terrestrial biosphere models to run baseline and sensitivity simulations. The compilation of these data was facilitated by the NACP Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC). MAST-DC was a component of the NACP (www.nacarbon.org) designed to support NACP by providing data products and data management services needed for modeling and synthesis activities.
This data set describes select global soil parameters from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) v1.2, including additional calculated parameters such as area weighted soil organic carbon (kg C per m2), as high resolution NetCDF files. These data were regridded and upscaled from the Harmonized World Soil Database v1.2 The HWSD provides information for addressing emerging problems of land competition for food production, bio-energy demand and threats to biodiversity and can be used as input to model global carbon cycles. The data are presented as a series of 27 NetCDF v3/v4 (*.nc4) files at 0.05-degree spatial resolution, and one NetCDF file regridded to the Community Land Model (CLM) grid cell resolution (0.9 degree x 1.25 degree) for the nominal year of 2000.
This data set describes select global soil parameters from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) v1.2, including additional calculated parameters such as area weighted soil organic carbon (kg C per m2), as high resolution NetCDF files. These data were regridded and upscaled from the Harmonized World Soil Database v1.2 The HWSD provides information for addressing emerging problems of land competition for food production, bio-energy demand and threats to biodiversity and can be used as input to model global carbon cycles. The data are presented as a series of 27 NetCDF v3/v4 (*.nc4) files at 0.05-degree spatial resolution, and one NetCDF file regridded to the Community Land Model (CLM) grid cell resolution (0.9 degree x 1.25 degree) for the nominal year of 2000.
ABSTRACT: This data set describes select global soil parameters from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) v1.2, including additional calculated parameters such as area weighted soil organic carbon (kg C per m2), as high resolution NetCDF files. These data were regridded and upscaled from the Harmonized World Soil Database v1.2 The HWSD provides information for addressing emerging problems of land competition for food production, bio-energy demand and threats to biodiversity and can be used as input to model global carbon cycles. The data are presented as a series of 27 NetCDF v3/v4 (*.nc4) files at 0.05-degree spatial resolution, and one NetCDF file regridded to the Community Land Model (CLM) grid cell resolution (0.9 degree x 1.25 degree) for the nominal year of 2000.
This data set provides a soil map with estimates of soil carbon (C) in g C/m2 for 20-cm layers from the surface to one meter depth for the conterminous United States.STATSGO v.1 (State Soil Geographic Database, Soil Survey Staff, 1994) data were used to estimate by 20-cm intervals to a 1-m depth the mean soil carbon for each of the STATSGO-delineated soil map units. These map units are the polygons represented in the provided Shapefile data product.
This data set provides a soil map with estimates of soil carbon (C) in g C/m2 for 20-cm layers from the surface to one meter depth for the conterminous United States.STATSGO v.1 (State Soil Geographic Database, Soil Survey Staff, 1994) data were used to estimate by 20-cm intervals to a 1-m depth the mean soil carbon for each of the STATSGO-delineated soil map units. These map units are the polygons represented in the provided Shapefile data product.
ABSTRACT: This data set provides a soil map with estimates of soil carbon (C) in g C/m2 for 20-cm layers from the surface to one meter depth for the conterminous United States.STATSGO v.1 (State Soil Geographic Database, Soil Survey Staff, 1994) data were used to estimate by 20-cm intervals to a 1-m depth the mean soil carbon for each of the STATSGO-delineated soil map units. These map units are the polygons represented in the provided Shapefile data product.
The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is a facility instrument aboard the second Earth Observing System (EOS) polar-orbiting platform, EOS Aqua. In       combination with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and the Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB), AIRS constitutes an innovative atmospheric sounding group of visible, infrared, and microwave sensors.  AIRS data are generated continuously. Global coverage will be obtained twice daily (day and night) on a 1:30pm sun synchronous orbit from a 705-km altitude.
 
This precipitation estimate from AIRS is using TOVS-like algorithm, and is intended for merging into the precipitation product of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). The precipitation estimate from AIRS Level 2 Support product,  which are 6-min swath granules (240 per day) are combined here into one daily "Level 2G" global grid with dimensions (24x1440x720). Thus every hour is a  "layer", and the resulting grid cell size is 0.25 degree (~25 km).   Thus the grid size is made to fit TRMM products. Since AIRS precipitation is retrieved at AMSU footprint resolution, which is about 45 km at nadir,  many grid cells in this 0.25-deg grid are "empty".  The data are stored such that the first line is the South Pole. The geolocation information  for every hour-layer is also provided in the file.
  
(The Shortname for this product is AIRG2SSD).
This product is similar to AIRX3ST8. However, it contains science retrievals that use the Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB). Because the HSB instrument lived only from September 2002 through January 2003 when it terminally failed, the data set covers these five months only.

The AIRS Level 3 8-Day Gridded Retrieval Product contains standard retrieval means, standard deviations and input counts.  Each file covers an 8-day period, or one-half of the Aqua orbit repeat cycle. The mean values are simply the arithmetic means of the daily products, weighted by the number of input counts for each day in that grid box.
            
The geophysical parameters have been averaged and binned into 1 x 1 deg grid cells, from -180.0 to +180.0 deg longitude and from -90.0 to +90.0 deg latitude. For each grid map of 4-byte floating-point mean values there is a corresponding 4-byte floating-point map of standard deviation and a 2-byte integer grid map of counts. The counts map provides the user with the number of points per bin that were included in the mean and can be used to generate custom multi-day maps from the daily gridded products.
            
The thermodynamic parameters are: Skin Temperature (land and sea surface), Air Temperature at the surface, Profiles of Air Temperature and Water Vapor, Tropopause Characteristics, Column Precipitable Water, Cloud Amount/Frequency, Cloud Height, Cloud Top Pressure, Cloud Top Temperature, Reflectance, Emissivity, Surface Pressure, Cloud Vertical Distribution. 

The trace gases parameters are: Total Amounts and Vertical Profiles of Carbon Monoxide, Methane, and Ozone.

The actual names of the variables in the data files should be inferred from the Processing File Description document.

(The Shortname for this product is AIRH3ST8).
AIRS/Aqua Level 3 monthly quantization product in physical units (With HSB).
            
The quantization products (QP) are distributional summaries derived from the Level-2 standard retrieval products (of swath type) to provide a more comprehensive set of statistical summaries than the traditional means and standard deviation. The QP products combine the Level 2 standard data parameters over grid cells of 5 x 5 deg spatial extent for temporal periods of a month. They preserve the multivariate distributional features of the original data and so provide a compressed data set that more accurately describes the disparate atmospheric states that is in the original Level-2 swath data set.
            
The geophysical parameters are: Air Temperature and Water Vapor profiles (11 levels/layers), Cloud fraction (vertical distribution).
            
(The Shortname for this product is AIRH3QPM).
This product is similar to AIRX3STM. However, it contains science retrievals that use the Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB). Because the HSB instrument lived only from September 2002 through January 2003 when it terminally failed, the data set covers these five months only.
The AIRS Level 3 Monthly Gridded Retrieval Product contains standard retrieval means, standard deviations and input counts.  Each file covers a calendar month. The mean values are simply the arithmetic means of the daily products, weighted by the number of input counts for each day in that grid box.

The geophysical parameters have been averaged and binned into 1 x 1 grid cells, from -180.0 to +180.0 deg longitude and from -90.0 to +90.0 deg latitude. For each grid map of 4-byte floating-point mean values there is a corresponding 4-byte floating-point map of standard deviation and a 2-byte integer grid map of counts. The counts map provides the user with the number of points per bin that were included in the mean and can be used to generate custom multi-day maps from the daily gridded products.
                  
The thermodynamic parameters are: Skin Temperature (land and sea surface), Air Temperature at the surface, Profiles of Air Temperature and Water Vapor, Tropopause Characteristics, Column Precipitable Water, Cloud Amount/Frequency, Cloud Height, Cloud Top Pressure, Cloud Top Temperature, Reflectance, Emissivity, Surface Pressure, Cloud Vertical Distribution. 

The trace gases parameters are: Total Amounts and Vertical Profiles of Carbon Monoxide, Methane, and Ozone.

The actual names of the variables in the data files should be inferred from the Processing File Description document.

(The Shortname for this product is AIRH3STM).
AIRS/Aqua Level 3 pentad quantization product in physical units (With HSB).
            
The quantization products (QP) are distributional summaries derived from the Level-2 standard retrieval products (of swath type) to provide a more comprehensive set of statistical summaries than the traditional means and standard deviation. The QP products combine the Level 2 standard data parameters over grid cells of 5 x 5 deg spatial extent for temporal periods of five days. Pentads always start on the 1st, 6th, 11th, 16th, 21st, and 26th days of the month and may contain as few as 3 days of data or as much as 6 days. They preserve the multivariate distributional features of the original data and so provide a compressed data set that more accurately describes the disparate atmospheric states that is in the original Level-2 swath data set.
            
The geophysical parameters are: Air Temperature and Water Vapor profiles (11 levels/layers), Cloud fraction (vertical distribution).                   
(The Shortname for this product is AIRH3QP5).
The L3 support products are similar to the L3 standard products but contain fields which are not fully validated, or are inputs or intermediary values. Because no quality control information is available for some of these fields, values from failed retrievals may be included.
The L3 support products are similar to the L3 standard products but contain fields which are not fully validated, or are inputs or intermediary values. Because no quality control information is available for some of these fields, values from failed retrievals may be included.
The L3 support products are similar to the L3 standard products but contain fields which are not fully validated, or are inputs or intermediary values. Because no quality control information is available for some of these fields, values from failed retrievals may be included.
The L3 support products are similar to the L3 standard products but contain fields which are not fully validated, or are inputs or intermediary values. Because no quality control information is available for some of these fields, values from failed retrievals may be included.
The strength of the 1AGMI product is that it has unaltered data straight from the satellite. This product can be used to show exactly what was recorded by the GMI instrument. The 1AGMI product also contains all of the data sent down by the satellite. If there is enough bandwidth, the entire circle of GMI samples will be sent down. The 1AGMI product's swaths 4 and 5 contain all of the samples that are sent down. Later products only use the subset of these data that contains the Earth view, hot load, and cold sky samples.The 1AGMI product has two purposes: To repackage the raw satellite data from binary Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) packets to Hierarchical Data Format (HDF), and to geolocate the sample data. The counts in the 1AGMI product are the raw counts taken directly from the packets created by the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) instrument. There is no calibration or interpretation performed at the 1AGMI level. There are five swaths in the 1AGMI product: 1. Earth view, hot load, and cold sky samples for low-frequency channels. 2. Earth view, hot load, and cold sky samples for high-frequency channels. 3. Scan housekeeping data provided by instrument. 4. All samples for low-frequency channels. 5. All samples for high-frequency channels. Swaths S1 and S2 are subsets of swaths S4 and S5, respectively. The samples to subset are noted in the 1AGMI product in the gmi1aHeader/sampleRangeFile table. This is a table determined during testing and the Launch and Early Orbit (L&EO) phase of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission. Geolocation is performed on the samples using the PPS Geolocation Toolkit. The details on GMI geolocation can be found in the GMI Calibration Data Book.
The strength of the 1AGMI product is that it has unaltered data straight from the satellite. This product can be used to show exactly what was recorded by the GMI instrument. The 1AGMI product also contains all of the data sent down by the satellite. If there is enough bandwidth, the entire circle of GMI samples will be sent down. The 1AGMI product's swaths 4 and 5 contain all of the samples that are sent down. Later products only use the subset of these data that contains the Earth view, hot load, and cold sky samples.The 1AGMI product has two purposes: To repackage the raw satellite data from binary Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) packets to Hierarchical Data Format (HDF), and to geolocate the sample data. The counts in the 1AGMI product are the raw counts taken directly from the packets created by the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) instrument. There is no calibration or interpretation performed at the 1AGMI level. There are five swaths in the 1AGMI product: 1. Earth view, hot load, and cold sky samples for low-frequency channels. 2. Earth view, hot load, and cold sky samples for high-frequency channels. 3. Scan housekeeping data provided by instrument. 4. All samples for low-frequency channels. 5. All samples for high-frequency channels. Swaths S1 and S2 are subsets of swaths S4 and S5, respectively. The samples to subset are noted in the 1AGMI product in the gmi1aHeader/sampleRangeFile table. This is a table determined during testing and the Launch and Early Orbit (L&EO) phase of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission. Geolocation is performed on the samples using the PPS Geolocation Toolkit. The details on GMI geolocation can be found in the GMI Calibration Data Book.
The 1BGMI algorithm uses a non-linear three-point in-flight calibration to derive antenna temperature (Ta) and convert Ta to Tb using GMI antenna pattern corrections. The four-point calibration, which utilizes noise diode measurements, is used to monitor the sensor non-linearty. The noise diode measurements also provide a hot load back-up calibration in case hot load measurements are lost. Details are in the GMI ATBD.The 1BGMI algorithm and software transform Level 0 counts into geolocated and calibrated brightness temperatures (Tb) for 13 GMI channels.
The 1BGMI algorithm uses a non-linear three-point in-flight calibration to derive antenna temperature (Ta) and convert Ta to Tb using GMI antenna pattern corrections. The four-point calibration, which utilizes noise diode measurements, is used to monitor the sensor non-linearty. The noise diode measurements also provide a hot load back-up calibration in case hot load measurements are lost. Details are in the GMI ATBD.The 1BGMI algorithm and software transform Level 0 counts into geolocated and calibrated brightness temperatures (Tb) for 13 GMI channels.
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CGMI contains common calibrated brightness temperatures from the GMI passive microwave instrument flown on the GPM satellite. 1C-R GMI is a remapped version of 1CGMI which is explained at the end of this section. Swath S1 has 9 channels which are similar to TRMM TMI (10V 10H 19V 19H 23V 37V 37H 89V 89H). Swath S2 has 4 channels similar to AMSU-B (166V 166H 183+/-3V 183+/-8V). Data for both swaths is observed in the same revolution of the instrument.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CGMI contains common calibrated brightness temperatures from the GMI passive microwave instrument flown on the GPM satellite. 1C-R GMI is a remapped version of 1CGMI which is explained at the end of this section. Swath S1 has 9 channels which are similar to TRMM TMI (10V 10H 19V 19H 23V 37V 37H 89V 89H). Swath S2 has 4 channels similar to AMSU-B (166V 166H 183+/-3V 183+/-8V). Data for both swaths is observed in the same revolution of the instrument.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
The GMI BASE Product, GMIBASE, GMI Antenna Temperatures, is written as a multi-Swath Structure. Swath S1 has channels 1-9: 10V 10H 19V 19H 23V 37V 37H 89V89H. Swath S2 has channels 10-13: 166V 166H 183+/-3V 183+/-8V. Swath S3 is like S1 but full scan. Swath S4 is like S2 but full scan. The following sections describe the structure and contents of the format.
The GMI BASE Product, GMIBASE, GMI Antenna Temperatures, is written as a multi-Swath Structure. Swath S1 has channels 1-9: 10V 10H 19V 19H 23V 37V 37H 89V89H. Swath S2 has channels 10-13: 166V 166H 183+/-3V 183+/-8V. Swath S3 is like S1 but full scan. Swath S4 is like S2 but full scan. The following sections describe the structure and contents of the format.
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CGMI contains common calibrated brightness temperatures from the GMI passive microwave instrument flown on the GPM satellite. 1C-R GMI is a remapped version of 1CGMI which is explained at the end of this section. Swath S1 has 9 channels which are similar to TRMM TMI (10V 10H 19V 19H 23V 37V 37H 89V 89H). Swath S2 has 4 channels similar to AMSU-B (166V 166H 183+/-3V 183+/-8V). Data for both swaths is observed in the same revolution of the instrument.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CGMI contains common calibrated brightness temperatures from the GMI passive microwave instrument flown on the GPM satellite. 1C-R GMI is a remapped version of 1CGMI which is explained at the end of this section. Swath S1 has 9 channels which are similar to TRMM TMI (10V 10H 19V 19H 23V 37V 37H 89V 89H). Swath S2 has 4 channels similar to AMSU-B (166V 166H 183+/-3V 183+/-8V). Data for both swaths is observed in the same revolution of the instrument.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
1CAMSR2 contains common calibrated brightness temperature from the AMSR2 passive microwave instrument flown on the GCOMW1 satellite. This products contains 6 swaths. Swath 1 has channels 10.65V 10.65H. Swath 2 has channels 18.7V 18.7H. Swath 3 has channels 23.8V 23.8H. Swath 4 has channels 36.5V 36.5H. Swath S5 has 2 high frequency A-Scan channels (89V 89H). Swath S6 has 2 high frequency B-Scan channels (89V 89H). Data for all six swaths is observed in the same revolution of the instrument. High frequency A and high frequency B data are observed in separate feedhorns. All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
1CAMSR2 contains common calibrated brightness temperature from the AMSR2 passive microwave instrument flown on the GCOMW1 satellite. This products contains 6 swaths. Swath 1 has channels 10.65V 10.65H. Swath 2 has channels 18.7V 18.7H. Swath 3 has channels 23.8V 23.8H. Swath 4 has channels 36.5V 36.5H. Swath S5 has 2 high frequency A-Scan channels (89V 89H). Swath S6 has 2 high frequency B-Scan channels (89V 89H). Data for all six swaths is observed in the same revolution of the instrument. High frequency A and high frequency B data are observed in separate feedhorns. All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
The 2AGPROF algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
The 2AGPROF algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CMHS contains common calibrated brightness temperature from the MHS passive microwave instrument flown on the NOAA and METOPS satellites. Swath S1 is the only swath and has 5 channels (89.0GHzV, 157.0GHzV, 183.3GHz+/-250MHzH, 183.3GHz+/- 500MHzH, and 190.3 GHzV). MHS is very similar to AMSU-B. The scan period is 2.667s.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CMHS contains common calibrated brightness temperature from the MHS passive microwave instrument flown on the NOAA and METOPS satellites. Swath S1 is the only swath and has 5 channels (89.0GHzV, 157.0GHzV, 183.3GHz+/-250MHzH, 183.3GHz+/- 500MHzH, and 190.3 GHzV). MHS is very similar to AMSU-B. The scan period is 2.667s.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CSAPHIR contains common calibrated brightness temperature from the SAPHIR passive microwave instrument flown on the Megha-Tropiques satellite. Swath S1 is the only swath and has 6 channels (S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6) The channels are 183.1 +/- delta GHz, where delta = 0.2, 1.1, 2.8, 4.2, 6.8, 11.0.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CMHS contains common calibrated brightness temperature from the MHS passive microwave instrument flown on the NOAA and METOPS satellites. Swath S1 is the only swath and has 5 channels (89.0GHzV, 157.0GHzV, 183.3GHz+/-250MHzH, 183.3GHz+/- 500MHzH, and 190.3 GHzV). MHS is very similar to AMSU-B. The scan period is 2.667s.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CMHS contains common calibrated brightness temperature from the MHS passive microwave instrument flown on the NOAA and METOPS satellites. Swath S1 is the only swath and has 5 channels (89.0GHzV, 157.0GHzV, 183.3GHz+/-250MHzH, 183.3GHz+/- 500MHzH, and 190.3 GHzV). MHS is very similar to AMSU-B. The scan period is 2.667s.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CSSMIS contains common calibrated brightness temperature from the SSMIS passive microwave instruments flown on the DMSP satellites. Swath S1 has 3 low frequency channels (19V 19H 22V). Swath S2 has 2 low frequency channels (37V 37H). Swath S3 has 4 high frequency channels (150H 183+/-1H 183+/-3H 183+/-7H). S4 has 2 high frequency channels (91V 91H). All the above frequencies are in GHz. Earth observations for all four swaths are taken during a 144o segment of the instrument rotation when SSMIS scans in the direction of foreward satellite motion. We define the spacecraft vector (v) at the center of this segment. â€vâ€ is used in the definition of the variable SCorientation.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CSSMIS contains common calibrated brightness temperature from the SSMIS passive microwave instruments flown on the DMSP satellites. Swath S1 has 3 low frequency channels (19V 19H 22V). Swath S2 has 2 low frequency channels (37V 37H). Swath S3 has 4 high frequency channels (150H 183+/-1H 183+/-3H 183+/-7H). S4 has 2 high frequency channels (91V 91H). All the above frequencies are in GHz. Earth observations for all four swaths are taken during a 144o segment of the instrument rotation when SSMIS scans in the direction of foreward satellite motion. We define the spacecraft vector (v) at the center of this segment. â€vâ€ is used in the definition of the variable SCorientation.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CSSMIS contains common calibrated brightness temperature from the SSMIS passive microwave instruments flown on the DMSP satellites. Swath S1 has 3 low frequency channels (19V 19H 22V). Swath S2 has 2 low frequency channels (37V 37H). Swath S3 has 4 high frequency channels (150H 183+/-1H 183+/-3H 183+/-7H). S4 has 2 high frequency channels (91V 91H). All the above frequencies are in GHz. Earth observations for all four swaths are taken during a 144o segment of the instrument rotation when SSMIS scans in the direction of foreward satellite motion. We define the spacecraft vector (v) at the center of this segment. â€vâ€ is used in the definition of the variable SCorientation.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
All 1C products have a common L1C data structure, simple and generic. Each L1C swath includes scan time, latitude and longitude, scan status, quality, incidence angle, Sun glint angle, and the intercalibrated brightness temperature (Tc). One or more swaths are included in a product. The radiometer data are recalibrated to a common basis so that precipitation products derived from them are consistent. 1CTMI contains common calibrated brightness temperatures from the TMI passive microwave instrument flown on the TRMM satellite. Since TMI is the reference for the intercalibration, the 1CTMI brightness temperatures are unchanged from the TRMM 1B11 product although the format is changed. Swath S1 has 7 low resolution channels (10V 10H 19V 19H 21V 37V 37H). Swath S2 has 2 high resolution channels (85V 85H). Data for both swaths is observed in the same revolution of the instrument. Earth observations are taken during a segment of the rotation when TMI is looking in the +x direction of the TRMM satellite. Since the spacecraft turns around every few weeks, +x may be forward or aft. We define the spacecraft axis v, used in the definition of the variable SCorientation, at the center of this segment and the same as the +x direction.The purpose of Level 1C algorithms is to provide common intercalibrated microwave brightness temperature (Tc) products for GPM core and constellation satellites using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the reference standard to ensure the consistency among global precipitation retrieval and climate studies. Current available L1C products are listed in the following table found in the document Introduction To Data Products ("http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/IntroductionToDataProducts.pdf")
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
3GPROF products provide global gridded monthly/daily precipitation averages from multiple satellites that can be used for climate studies. The 3GPROF products are based on retrievals from high-quality microwave sensors, which are sensitive to liquid and ice-phase precipitation hydrometeors in the atmosphere.The purpose of the 3GPROF algorithm is to provide monthly and daily mean precipitation and related retrieved parameters from the Level 2 GPROF precipitation profiling algorithm for the GPM core and constellation satellites. Each 3GPROF product contains global 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree gridded monthly/daily means. Because this product is an accumulation of the Level 2 retrieval products, much more information is available via the GPROF Level 2 documentation.
The 2AGPROF (also known as, GPM GPROF (Level 2)) algorithm retrieves consistent precipitation and related science fields from the following GMI and partner passive microwave sensors: GMI, SSMI (DMSP F15), SSMIS (DMSP F16, F17, F18) AMSR2 (GCOM-W1), TMI MHS (NOAA 18&19, METOP A&B), ATMS (NPP), SAPHIR (MT1) This provides the bulk of the 3-hour coverage achieved by GPM. For each sensor, there are near-realtime (NRT) products, standard products, and climate products. These differ only in the amount of data that are available within 3 hours, 48 hours, and 3 months of collection, as well as the ancillary data used. The NRT product uses GANAL forecast fields. Standard products use the GANAL analysis product, while the climate product uses ECMWF reanalysis in order to allow for consistent data records with earlier missions. These earlier data may be archived separately. The main strength of the product is the large sampling provided. The GPM radiometer algorithms are Bayesian-type algorithms. These algorithms search an a-priori database of potential rain profiles and retrieve a weighted average of these entries based upon the proximity of the observed brightness temperature (Tb) to the simulated Tb corresponding to each rain profile. By using the same a-priori database of rain profiles, with appropriate simulated Tb for each constellation sensor, the Bayesian method is completely parametric and thus well suited for GPM's constellation approach. The a-priori information will be supplied by the combined algorithm supplied by GPM's core satellite as soon after launch as feasible. Databases for V0 of the algorithm had to be constructed from various sources as described in the ATBD. The solution provides a mean rain rate as well as the vertical structure of cloud and precipitation hydrometeors and their uncertainty. ABSTRACT
This Level 2 (swath) data set¿s land surface parameters, surface soil moisture, land surface (skin) temperature, and vegetation water content, are derived from passive microwave remote sensing data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), using the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM). Each swath is packaged with associated geolocation fields. The data set covers the period from May 2012, when the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Change Observation Mission-1st Water GCOM-W1 satellite was launched, to the present, at a spatial resolution resampled from the nominally 46 and 31 km, respectively, of AMSR2's C and X bands (6.9/7.3 and 10.7 GHz, respectively), to 25 × 25 km2 and downscaled, using the smoothing filter-based intensity modulation (SFIM) technique, to 10 × 10 km2 grids. The data are stored in netCDF format.

The LPRM is based on a forward radiative transfer model to retrieve surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth. The land surface temperature is derived separately from the AMSR2's Ka-band (36.5 GHz). A unique feature of this method is that it can be applied at any microwave frequency, making it very suitable to exploit all the available passive microwave data from various satellites.

Input data are from the AMSR2 spatial-resolution-matched brightness temperatures (L1SGRTBR) product, archived at JAXA.
This Level 2 (swath) data set¿s land surface parameters, surface soil moisture, land surface (skin) temperature, and vegetation water content, are derived from passive microwave remote sensing data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), using the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM). Each swath is packaged with associated geolocation fields. The data set covers the period from May 2012, when the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Change Observation Mission-1st Water GCOM-W1 satellite was launched, to the present, at a spatial resolution (nominally 46 and 31 km, respectively) of AMSR2's C and X bands (6.9/7.3 and 10.7 GHz, respectively). The data are stored in netCDF format.         

The LPRM is based on a forward radiative transfer model to retrieve surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth. The land surface temperature is derived separately from the AMSR2's Ka-band (36.5 GHz). A unique feature of this method is that it can be applied at any microwave frequency, making it very suitable to exploit all the available passive microwave data from various satellites.

Input data are from the AMSR2 spatial-resolution-matched brightness temperatures (L1SGRTBR) product, archived at JAXA.
This Level 3 (gridded) data set¿s land surface parameters, surface soil moisture, land surface (skin) temperature, and vegetation water content, are derived from passive microwave remote sensing data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), using the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM). There are two files per day, one ascending (daytime) and one descending (nighttime), archived as two different products. This document is for the daytime product. The data set covers the period from May 2012, when the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Change Observation Mission-1st Water GCOM-W1 satellite was launched, to the present, at a spatial resolution of 0.10 degree. The data are stored in netCDF format.
                   
The LPRM is based on a forward radiative transfer model to retrieve surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth. The land surface temperature is derived separately from the AMSR2's Ka-band (36.5 GHz). A unique feature of this method is that it can be applied at any microwave frequency, making it very suitable to exploit all the available passive microwave data from various satellites.
                   
Input data are from the AMSR2 spatial-resolution-matched brightness temperatures (L1SGRTBR) product, daytime passes, as processed using LPRM (i.e., LPRM/AMSR2/GCOM-W1 Downscaled L2 product, GES_DISC_LPRM_AMSR2_DS_SOILM2_V001).
This Level 3 (gridded) data set¿s land surface parameters, surface soil moisture, land surface (skin) temperature, and vegetation water content, are derived from passive microwave remote sensing data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), using the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM). There are two files per day, one ascending (daytime) and one descending (nighttime), archived as two different products. This document is for the daytime product. The data set covers the period from May 2012, when the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Change Observation Mission-1st Water GCOM-W1 satellite was launched, to the present, at a spatial resolution of 0.25 degree. The data are stored in netCDF format.
                   
                   The LPRM is based on a forward radiative transfer model to retrieve surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth. The land surface temperature is derived separately from the AMSR2's Ka-band (36.5 GHz). A unique feature of this method is that it can be applied at any microwave frequency, making it very suitable to exploit all the available passive microwave data from various satellites.
                   
                   Input data are from the AMSR2 spatial-resolution-matched brightness temperatures (L1SGRTBR) product, daytime passes, as processed using LPRM (i.e., LPRM/AMSR2/GCOM-W1 L2 product, GES_DISC_LPRM_AMSR2_SOILM2_V001).
This Level 3 (gridded) data set¿s land surface parameters, surface soil moisture, land surface (skin) temperature, and vegetation water content, are derived from passive microwave remote sensing data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), using the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM). There are two files per day, one ascending (daytime) and one descending (nighttime), archived as two different products. This document is for the nighttime product. The data set covers the period from May 2012, when the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Change Observation Mission-1st Water GCOM-W1 satellite was launched, to the present, at a spatial resolution of 0.10 degree. The data are stored in netCDF format.
                   
                   The LPRM is based on a forward radiative transfer model to retrieve surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth. The land surface temperature is derived separately from the AMSR2's Ka-band (36.5 GHz). A unique feature of this method is that it can be applied at any microwave frequency, making it very suitable to exploit all the available passive microwave data from various satellites.
                   
                   Input data are from the AMSR2 spatial-resolution-matched brightness temperatures (L1SGRTBR) product, nighttime passes, as processed using LPRM (i.e., LPRM/AMSR2/GCOM-W1 Downscaled L2 product, GES_DISC_LPRM_AMSR2_DS_SOILM2_V001).
This Level 3 (gridded) data set¿s land surface parameters, surface soil moisture, land surface (skin) temperature, and vegetation water content, are derived from passive microwave remote sensing data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), using the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM). There are two files per day, one ascending (daytime) and one descending (nighttime), archived as two different products. This document is for the nighttime product. The data set covers the period from May 2012, when the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Change Observation Mission-1st Water GCOM-W1 satellite was launched, to the present, at a spatial resolution of 0.25 degree. The data are stored in netCDF format.
                   
                   The LPRM is based on a forward radiative transfer model to retrieve surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth. The land surface temperature is derived separately from the AMSR2's Ka-band (36.5 GHz). A unique feature of this method is that it can be applied at any microwave frequency, making it very suitable to exploit all the available passive microwave data from various satellites.
                   
                   Input data are from the AMSR2 spatial-resolution-matched brightness temperatures (L1SGRTBR) product, nighttime passes, as processed using LPRM (i.e., LPRM/AMSR2/GCOM-W1 L2 product, GES_DISC_LPRM_AMSR2_SOILM2_V001).
This Level 2 (swath) data set¿s land surface parameters, surface soil moisture, land surface (skin) temperature, and vegetation water content, are derived from polarimetric microwave radiometer data from WindSat, onboard the Naval Research Laboratory's Coriolis satellite, using the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM). Each swath is packaged with associated geolocation fields. The data set covers the period from October 2007 to July 2012, at the spatial resolution (nominally about 53 and 30 km, respectively) of WindSat's C and X bands (6.8 and 10.7 GHz, respectively). The data are stored in netCDF format.
      
      The LPRM is based on a forward radiative transfer model to retrieve surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth. The land surface temperature is derived separately from the WindSat's Ka-band (37.0 GHz). A unique feature of this method is that it can be applied at any microwave frequency, making it very suitable to exploit all the available passive microwave data from various satellites.
      
      Input data are from the WindSat brightness temperatures (sdrLowRes) product, archived at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL).
This Level 3 (gridded) data set¿s land surface parameters, surface soil moisture, land surface (skin) temperature, and vegetation water content, are derived from polarimetric microwave radiometer data from WindSat, onboard the Naval Research Laboratory's Coriolis satellite, using the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM). There are two files per day, one ascending (daytime) and one descending (nighttime), archived as two different products. This document is for the daytime product. The data set covers the period from October 2007 to July 2012, at a spatial resolution of 0.25 degree. The data are stored in netCDF format.

The LPRM is based on a forward radiative transfer model to retrieve surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth. The land surface temperature is derived separately from the WindSat's Ka-band (37.0 GHz). A unique feature of this method is that it can be applied at any microwave frequency, making it very suitable to exploit all the available passive microwave data from various satellites.

Input data are from the WindSat brightness temperatures (sdrLowRes) product, daytime passes, as processed using LPRM (i.e., LPRM/WindSat/Coriolis L2 product, GES_DISC_LPRM_WINDSAT_SOILM2_V001).
This Level 3 (gridded) data set¿s land surface parameters, surface soil moisture, land surface (skin) temperature, and vegetation water content, are derived from polarimetric microwave radiometer data from WindSat, onboard the Naval Research Laboratory's Coriolis satellite, using the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM). There are two files per day, one ascending (daytime) and one descending (nighttime), archived as two different products. This document is for the nighttime product. The data set covers the period from October 2007 to July 2012, at a spatial resolution of 0.25 degree. The data are stored in netCDF format.
      
      The LPRM is based on a forward radiative transfer model to retrieve surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth. The land surface temperature is derived separately from the WindSat's Ka-band (37.0 GHz). A unique feature of this method is that it can be applied at any microwave frequency, making it very suitable to exploit all the available passive microwave data from various satellites.
      
      Input data are from the WindSat brightness temperatures (sdrLowRes) product, nighttime passes, as processed using LPRM (i.e., LPRM/WindSat/Coriolis L2 product, GES_DISC_LPRM_WINDSAT_SOILM2_V001).
The Nimbus-6 High Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HIRS) Level 1 Calibrated Radiances for the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) data product contains daily infrared radiances. The HIRS was designed to measure surface temperature and albedo, temperature and H2O profiles, cloud liquid water content, cloud amount and outgoing longwave fluxes in the infrared. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from 9-track magnetic tapes. The data are archived in their original IBM 32-bit word binary record format, also referred to as a binary TAP file, and contain one orbit of measurements.

The Nimbus-6 satellite was successfully launched on June 12, 1975. The High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) experiment on Nimbus-6 is a follow on experiment to the successful Nimbus-5 ITPR experiment. HIRS scans

The HIRS was a multi-channel filter radiometer with a Cassegrain telescope before the chopper assembly. The instrument scans in the cross track direction with 21 scans on each side of the subtrack point with about 30 km x 55 km resolution at nadir. HIRS measured radiances primarily in five spectral regions: (1) seven channels near the 15-micrometer CO2 absorption band, (2) two channels (11.1 and 3.7 micrometers) in the IR window, (3) two channels (8.2 and 6.7 micrometers) in the water vapor absorption band, (4) five channels in the 4.3-micrometer band, and (5) one channel in the visible 0.69-micrometer region.

The HIRS Principal Investigator was Mr. W. L. Smith from the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Service. The Nimbus-6 HIRS data are available from August 17, 1975 (day of year 229) through March 4, 1976 (day of year 238).

(These data were previously archived at NASA NSSDC under the entry ID ESAD-00017 together with the merged retrieval data set).
The Nimbus-6 Scanning Microwave Spectrometer (SCAMS) Level 2 data product contains water vapor and temperature profiles. The SCAMS was designed to map tropospheric temperature profiles, water vapor abundance, and cloud water content to be used for weather prediction even in the presence of clouds, which block conventional satellite infrared sensors. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from 9-track magnetic tapes. The data are archived in their original IBM 32-bit word binary record format, also referred to as a binary TAP file, and contain one orbit of measurements.                         

The Nimbus-6 satellite was successfully launched on June 12, 1975. The Scanning Microwave Spectrometer(SCAMS) experiment on Nimbus-6 is a follow on experiment to the successful Nimbus-5 NEMS experiment.                                      

The SCAMS continuously monitored emitted microwave radiation at frequencies of 22.235, 31.65, 52.85, 53.85 and 55.45 GHz. The three channels near the 5.0-mm oxygen absorption band were used primarily to deduce atmospheric temperature profiles. The two channels near 10 mm permitted water vapor and cloud water content over calm oceans to be estimated separately. The instrument, a Dicke-superheterodyne type, scanned plus or minus 45 deg normal to the orbital plane with a 10-deg field of view. The three oxygen channels shared common signal and reference antennas. Both water vapor channels had their own signals and reference antennas. The absolute rms accuracy of the oxygen channels was better than 2 deg K and that of the water vapor channels better than 1 deg K.                                

The SCAMS Principal Investigator was Prof. David H. Staelin from MIT. The Nimbus-6 SCAMS data are available from June 15, 1975 (day of year 166) through May 31, 1976 (day of year 152).                                                        

(These data were previously archived at NASA NSSDC under the entry ID ESAD-00093).
The SORCE SIM Solar Spectral Irradiance (SSI) data product SOR3SIMD is constructed using measurements from the SIM instruments, which are combined into merged daily solar spectra over the spectral range from 310 to 2413 nm at a spectral resolution ranging from 1 to 27 nm. Irradiances are reported at a mean solar distance of 1 AU and zero relative line-of-sight velocity with respect to the Sun. The SIM absolute uncertainty is about 2%.                          

All of the SOR3SIMD data are arranged in a single file in a tabular ASCII text file which can be easily read into a spreadsheet application. The columns contain the date, Julian day, minimum wavelength, maximum wavelength, instrument mode, data version number, irradiance value, irradiance uncertainty, and data quality. The rows are arranged with data at each wavelength over the full SIM wavelength range, repeating for each day for the length of the measurement period.
The SORCE SOLSTICE Far-UV Solar Spectral Irradiance (SSI) data product SOR3SOLFUVD is constructed using measurements from the SOLSTICE FUV instrument, which are combined into merged daily solar spectra over the spectral range from 115 to 180 nm at a spectral resolution of 1 nm. Irradiances are reported at a mean solar distance of 1 AU and zero relative line-of-sight velocity with respect to the Sun. The SOLSTICE absolute uncertainty better than 5%.

All of the SOR3SOLFUVD data are arranged in a single file in a tabular ASCII text file which can be easily read into a spreadsheet application. The columns contain the date, Julian day, minimum wavelength, maximum wavelength, instrument mode, data version number, irradiance value, irradiance uncertainty, and data quality. The rows are arranged with data at each wavelength over the full SOLSTICE FUV wavelength range, repeating for each day for the length of the measurement period.
The SORCE SOLSTICE Mid-UV Solar Spectral Irradiance (SSI) data product SOR3SOLMUVD is constructed using measurements from the SOLSTICE MUV instrument, which are combined into merged daily solar spectra over the spectral range from 180 to 310 nm at a spectral resolution of 1 nm. Irradiances are reported at a mean solar distance of 1 AU and zero relative line-of-sight velocity with respect to the Sun. The SOLSTICE absolute uncertainty better than 5%.

All of the SOR3SOLMUVD data are arranged in a single file in a tabular ASCII text file which can be easily read into a spreadsheet application. The columns contain the date, Julian day, minimum wavelength, maximum wavelength, instrument mode, data version number, irradiance value, irradiance uncertainty, and data quality. The rows are arranged with data at each wavelength over the full SOLSTICE FUV wavelength range, repeating for each day for the length of the measurement period.
NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Global 1 arc second number (Suggested Usage: Science Research)
NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Global 1 arc second (Suggested Usage: Science Research)
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E datasets were collected from six radar sites from April 22, 2011 to June 6, 2011 for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) which took place in central Oklahoma.  Radar sites include KGLD, KICT, KINX, KTLX, KTWX, KVNX.  The Next Generation Weather Radar system (NEXRAD) comprises 159 Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites throughout the United States and select overseas locations.  The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD MC3E data files are available as tarred binary files.
Twenty-five tipping bucket rain gauge pairs were deployed during the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Ground Validation (GV) Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) mission taking place in Iowa during April-June 2013.  Along with the disdrometers these rain gauges provided an additional means for directly measuring rainfall during the campaign.  The Model 380 Precipitation Gauge, which is manufactured by MetOne Instruments, Inc., was used.  The Model 380 gauges have a 30.5 cm diameter catchment funnel and a resolution of 0.2 mm of liquid water for each tip.
Twenty-five tipping bucket rain gauge pairs were deployed during the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Ground Validation (GV) Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) mission taking place in Iowa during April-June 2013.  Along with the disdrometers these rain gauges provided an additional means for directly measuring rainfall during the campaign.  The Model 380 Precipitation Gauge, which is manufactured by MetOne Instruments, Inc., was used.  The Model 380 gauges have a 30.5 cm diameter catchment funnel and a resolution of 0.2 mm of liquid water for each tip.
Twenty-five tipping bucket rain gauge pairs were deployed during the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Ground Validation (GV) Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) mission taking place in Iowa during April-June 2013.  Along with the disdrometers these rain gauges provided an additional means for directly measuring rainfall during the campaign.  The Model 380 Precipitation Gauge, which is manufactured by MetOne Instruments, Inc., was used.  The Model 380 gauges have a 30.5 cm diameter catchment funnel and a resolution of 0.2 mm of liquid water for each tip.
The Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) data was collected during the GPM Ground Validation Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) Field Experiment during April through June 2013 in northeastern Iowa.  The daily tar files contain ASCII data with information for raindrop size distibution and hydrometeors.
The Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) data was collected during the GPM Ground Validation Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) Field Experiment during April through June 2013 in northeastern Iowa.  The daily tar files contain ASCII data with information for raindrop size distibution and hydrometeors.
The Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) data was collected during the GPM Ground Validation Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) Field Experiment during April through June 2013 in northeastern Iowa.  The daily tar files contain ASCII data with information for raindrop size distibution and hydrometeors.
The Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) data was collected during the GPM Ground Validation Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) held in North Carolina.  Collected from five sites the data contains daily ascii files with information on individual hydrometeors including the number of hydrometeors, raindrop size distribution, and particle concentration.  Overall data dates range from 23 April 2014 through 17 June 2014; exact dates may vary per site.
The Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) data was collected during the GPM Ground Validation Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) held in North Carolina.  Collected from five sites the data contains daily ascii files with information on individual hydrometeors including the number of hydrometeors, raindrop size distribution, and particle concentration.  Overall data dates range from 23 April 2014 through 17 June 2014; exact dates may vary per site.
The Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) data was collected during the GPM Ground Validation Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) held in North Carolina.  Collected from five sites the data contains daily ascii files with information on individual hydrometeors including the number of hydrometeors, raindrop size distribution, and particle concentration.  Overall data dates range from 23 April 2014 through 17 June 2014; exact dates may vary per site.
The Global Mangrove Forests Distribution, 2000 data set is a compilation of the extent of mangroves forests from the Global Land Survey and the Landsat archive with hybrid supervised and unsupervised digital image classification techniques. The data are available at 30-m spatial resolution. The total area of mangroves in the year 2000 was estimated at 137,760 km2 in 118 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This is more than 12% less than previous estimates and if the current rate of loss continues, predictions suggest that 100% of these forests will be lost in the next century.
The Global Mangrove Forests Distribution, 2000 data set is a compilation of the extent of mangroves forests from the Global Land Survey and the Landsat archive with hybrid supervised and unsupervised digital image classification techniques. The data are available at 30-m spatial resolution. The total area of mangroves in the year 2000 was estimated at 137,760 km2 in 118 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This is more than 12% less than previous estimates and if the current rate of loss continues, predictions suggest that 100% of these forests will be lost in the next century.
The Global Mangrove Forests Distribution, 2000 data set is a compilation of the extent of mangroves forests from the Global Land Survey and the Landsat archive with hybrid supervised and unsupervised digital image classification techniques. The data are available at 30-m spatial resolution. The total area of mangroves in the year 2000 was estimated at 137,760 km2 in 118 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This is more than 12% less than previous estimates and if the current rate of loss continues, predictions suggest that 100% of these forests will be lost in the next century.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: MA Population data sets provide baseline population information as one of the drivers of ecosystem change. The data helped in estimating the magnitude of regional pressures on ecosystems. The MA Population data sets include Gridded Population of the World (GPW) version 3, population grids from the Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP) (alpha version), Global Subnational Infant Mortality Rates (alpha version), and Global Subnational Prevalence of Child Malnutrition (alpha version) data.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: MA Population data sets provide baseline population information as one of the drivers of ecosystem change. The data helped in estimating the magnitude of regional pressures on ecosystems. The MA Population data sets include Gridded Population of the World (GPW) version 3, population grids from the Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP) (alpha version), Global Subnational Infant Mortality Rates (alpha version), and Global Subnational Prevalence of Child Malnutrition (alpha version) data.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: MA Population data sets provide baseline population information as one of the drivers of ecosystem change. The data helped in estimating the magnitude of regional pressures on ecosystems. The MA Population data sets include Gridded Population of the World (GPW) version 3, population grids from the Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP) (alpha version), Global Subnational Infant Mortality Rates (alpha version), and Global Subnational Prevalence of Child Malnutrition (alpha version) data. (Suggested Usage: To preserve access to the original global and regional population data used by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) and other related research.)
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: MA Scenarios provide useful insight into the complex factors that drive ecosystem change, estimating the magnitude 

of regional pressures on ecosystems and critical uncertainties that could undermine sustainable development. They also provide an understanding of the importance of institutions and values 

as the long-range outlook for the world's ecosystems depends on the course taken by global and regional development in the coming decades. The integration of changing ecosystem conditions 

into the global scenarios was taken as both effects and causes. The MA scenarios include those for population, income, cereal production and consumption, meat production and consumption, 

land cover, waster stress, water availability, acidification and nitrogen deposition.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: MA Scenarios provide useful insight into the complex factors that drive ecosystem change, estimating the magnitude 

of regional pressures on ecosystems and critical uncertainties that could undermine sustainable development. They also provide an understanding of the importance of institutions and values 

as the long-range outlook for the world's ecosystems depends on the course taken by global and regional development in the coming decades. The integration of changing ecosystem conditions 

into the global scenarios was taken as both effects and causes. The MA scenarios include those for population, income, cereal production and consumption, meat production and consumption, 

land cover, waster stress, water availability, acidification and nitrogen deposition.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: MA Scenarios provide useful insight into the complex factors that drive ecosystem change, estimating the magnitude 

of regional pressures on ecosystems and critical uncertainties that could undermine sustainable development. They also provide an understanding of the importance of institutions and values 

as the long-range outlook for the world's ecosystems depends on the course taken by global and regional development in the coming decades. The integration of changing ecosystem conditions 

into the global scenarios was taken as both effects and causes. The MA scenarios include those for population, income, cereal production and consumption, meat production and consumption, 

land cover, waster stress, water availability, acidification and nitrogen deposition. (Suggested Usage: To preserve access to the original set of socioeconomic and natural resource scenarios used by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) and other related research.)
The Natural Resource Protection and Child Health Indicators, 2013 Release, are produced in support of the U.S. Millennium Challenge Corporation as 

selection criteria for funding eligibility. These indicators are successors to the Natural Resource Management Index (NRMI), which was produced from 2006 to 2011 and was based on the same 

underlying data. Like the NRMI, the Natural Resource Protection Indicator (NRPI) and Child Health Indicator (CHI) are based on proximity-to-target scores ranging from 0 to 100 (at target). 

The NRPI covers 221 countries and is calculated based on the weighted average percentage of biomes under protected status. The CHI is a composite index for 188 countries derived from the 

average of three proximity-to-target scores for access to improved sanitation, access to improved water, and child mortality. The 2013 release includes a consistent time series of NRPIs and 

CHIs for 2006 to 2013.
The Natural Resource Protection and Child Health Indicators, 2013 Release, are produced in support of the U.S. Millennium Challenge Corporation as 

selection criteria for funding eligibility. These indicators are successors to the Natural Resource Management Index (NRMI), which was produced from 2006 to 2011 and was based on the same 

underlying data. Like the NRMI, the Natural Resource Protection Indicator (NRPI) and Child Health Indicator (CHI) are based on proximity-to-target scores ranging from 0 to 100 (at target). 

The NRPI covers 221 countries and is calculated based on the weighted average percentage of biomes under protected status. The CHI is a composite index for 188 countries derived from the 

average of three proximity-to-target scores for access to improved sanitation, access to improved water, and child mortality. The 2013 release includes a consistent time series of NRPIs and 

CHIs for 2006 to 2013.
The Natural Resource Protection and Child Health Indicators, 2013 Release, are produced in support of the U.S. Millennium Challenge Corporation as 

selection criteria for funding eligibility. These indicators are successors to the Natural Resource Management Index (NRMI), which was produced from 2006 to 2011 and was based on the same 

underlying data. Like the NRMI, the Natural Resource Protection Indicator (NRPI) and Child Health Indicator (CHI) are based on proximity-to-target scores ranging from 0 to 100 (at target). 

The NRPI covers 221 countries and is calculated based on the weighted average percentage of biomes under protected status. The CHI is a composite index for 188 countries derived from the 

average of three proximity-to-target scores for access to improved sanitation, access to improved water, and child mortality. The 2013 release includes a consistent time series of NRPIs and 

CHIs for 2006 to 2013.  (Suggested Usage: To assist in the country selection process for the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) by providing indicators of natural resource protection and child health that complements the governance, social, and economic indicators used by MCC as country selection criteria.)
The AMSR-E/Aqua Level 3 12.5 km daily sea ice product includes 18.7 - 89.0 GHz TBs, sea ice concentration averages (asc & desc), and 5-day snow depth over sea ice on a 12.5 km polar stereographic grid, generated by the NT2 algorithm using Level-2A TBs.
The AMSR-E/Aqua Level-3 25 km daily sea ice product includes 6.9 - 89.0 GHz TBs and sea ice concentration averages (daily, ascending, and descending) on a 25 km polar stereographic grid, generated by the NT2 algorithm using Level-2A TBs.
The AMSR-E/Aqua Level-3 6.25 km daily sea ice product includes 89.0 GHz brightness temperature averages (daily, ascending, and descending) on a 6.25 km polar stereographic grid, generated by the NT2 algorithm using Level-2A TBs.
Data for the ADEOS-II Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer L1A product contain raw observation counts and conversion factors required to compute the antenna temperatures for each of the AMSR's fourteen microwave channels.
Aquarius L2 Swath Single Orbit Soil Moisture Data
Aquarius L3 Gridded 1-Degree Annual Soil Moisture Data
Aquarius L3 Gridded 1-Degree Daily Soil Moisture Data
Aquarius L3 Gridded 1-Degree Monthly Soil Moisture Data
Aquarius L3 Gridded 1-Degree Seasonal Soil Moisture Data
Aquarius L3 Gridded 1-Degree Weekly Soil Moisture Data
Aquarius L3 Polar-Gridded Weekly Brightness Temperature and Sea Surface Salinity
Aquarius L3 Polar-Gridded Weekly Normalized Radar Cross Section
Aquarius L3 Polar-Gridded Weekly Sea Surface Salinity
Data granules contain approximately 23 minutes (1/4 orbit) and include the surface elevation, surface roughness assuming no slope, surface slope assuming no roughness and geodetic and atmospheric corrections for the range at the full 40/sec resolution.
Data granules contain approximately 23 minutes (1/4 orbit) and include the surface elevation, surface roughness assuming no slope, surface slope assuming no roughness and geodetic and atmospheric corrections for the range at the full 40/sec resolution.
The level 1B waveform parameterization data will contain waveform-based range corrections and surface characteristics at the full 40 per second resolution. Data granules will contain approximately 23 minutes (1/4 orbit) of data.
The level 1B waveform parameterization data will contain waveform-based range corrections and surface characteristics at the full 40 per second resolution. Data granules will contain approximately 23 minutes (1/4 orbit) of data.
GLAH12 contains the ice sheet elevation and elevation distribution corrected for geodetic and atmospheric affects calculated from algorithms fine-tuned for ice sheet returns. Data granules contain 14 orbits of data within the ice sheet mask.
GLA12 contains the ice sheet elevation and elevation distribution corrected for geodetic and atmospheric affects calculated from algorithms fine-tuned for ice sheet returns. Data granules contain 14 orbits of data within the ice sheet mask.
GLAH14 contains the land elevation and elevation distribution corrected for geodetic and atmospheric affects calculated from algorithms fine-tuned for over land returns. Data granules contain 14 orbits of data within the land mask.
GLA14 contains the land elevation and elevation distribution corrected for geodetic and atmospheric affects calculated from algorithms fine-tuned for over land returns. Data granules contain 14 orbits of data within the land mask.
GLAH15 contains the ocean elevation and small-scale roughness corrected for geodetic and atmospheric affects, calculated from algorithms fine-tuned for ocean returns. Data granules will contain 14 orbits of data over the oceans.
GLA15 contains the ocean elevation and small-scale roughness corrected for geodetic and atmospheric affects, calculated from algorithms fine-tuned for ocean returns. Data granules will contain 14 orbits of data over the oceans.
GLAH13 contains sea ice and open ocean elevations corrected for geodetic and atmospheric affects, calculated from algorithms fine-tuned for sea ice returns. Granules contain 14 orbits of data within a sea ice mask.
GLA13 contains sea ice and open ocean elevations corrected for geodetic and atmospheric affects, calculated from algorithms fine-tuned for sea ice returns. Granules contain 14 orbits of data within a sea ice mask.
IceBridge Accumulation Radar L1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles
IceBridge Ku-Band Radar L1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles
IceBridge LVIS L1B Geolocated Return Energy Waveforms
IceBridge LVIS L1B Geolocated Return Energy Waveforms
IceBridge LVIS L2 Geolocated Surface Elevation Product
IceBridge MCoRDS L1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles
IceBridge Photon Counting Lidar L1B Subset Geolocated Photon Elevations
IceBridge Radar L3 Tomographic Ice Thickness
IceBridge Sander AIRGrav L4 Bathymetry
IceBridge Scintrex CS-3 Cesium Magnetometer L1B Geolocated Magnetic Anomalies
IceBridge Snow Radar L1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles
This data set contains in situ soil moisture data collected with coring devices at several agricultural sites as a part of the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12).
This data set contains in situ soil texture data collected with coring devices at several sites as part of the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12).
This data set contains in situ vegetation data collected at several forest sites as a part of the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12).
CALIPSO Infrared Imaging Radiometer Level 1B radiance data
CALIPSO Infrared Imaging Radiometer emissivity and cloud particle
CALIPSO Infrared Imaging Radiometer emissivity and cloud particle data related to pixels colocated to the Lidar track
CALIPSO Lidar Level 1B profile data
CALIPSO Lidar Level 2 1 km cloud layer data
CALIPSO Lidar Level 2 5 km aerosol layer data
CALIPSO Lidar Level 2 aerosol profile data using the CALIPSO Lidar Ratio selection algorithm
CALIPSO Lidar Level 2 5 km cloud layer data
CALIPSO Lidar Level 2 Cloud Profile data
CALIPSO Lidar Level 2 1/3 km cloud layer data
CALIPSO Lidar Level 2 Vertical Feature Mask data
CALIPSO Wide Field Camera Level 1A 125 m Native Science data
CALIPSO Wide Field Camera Level 1A 1 km Native Science data
CALIPSO Wide Field Camera Level 1A 1 km Registered Science data
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF.
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF.
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF.
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF.
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF.
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF.
CERES Single Scanner Satellite Footprint, TOA, Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) data in HDF.
CERES Single Scanner Satellite Footprint, TOA, Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) data in HDF.
CERES Single Scanner Satellite Footprint, TOA, Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) data in HDF.
Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Synoptic Radiative Fluxes and Clouds data in HDF.
Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Monthly Regional Radiative Fluxes and Clouds data in HDF.
Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Monthly Zonal and Global Radiative Fluxes and Clouds data in HDF.
CERES Energy Balanced and Filled(EBAF) Surface Monthly means data in netCDF
Fast Longwave And SHortwave Fluxes (FLASHflux) Clouds and Radiative Swath (SSF) data in HDF.
CERES Single Scanner Satellite Footprint, TOA, Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) data in HDF.
Fast Longwave And SHortwave Fluxes (FLASHflux) Clouds and Radiative Swath (SSF) data in HDF.
CERES Single Scanner Satellite Footprint, TOA, Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) data in HDF.
FLASHFlux Daily Gridded Single Satellite TOA and Surfaces/Clouds data in HDF.
FLASHFlux Daily Gridded Single Satellite TOA and Surfaces/Clouds data in HDF.
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Ice Snow Product in Native (NAT) Format
Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 3.0 Shortwave 3 hourly MONTHLY Data in Native Format
Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 3.0 Shortwave Daily UTC Data in Native Format
Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 3.0 Shortwave MONTHLY LOCAL Data in Native Format
Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 3.0 Shortwave MONTHLY UTC Data in Native Format
MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Level 3 Daily Rolling-8-Day Surface Reflectance Global 250m Products
MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Surface Reflectance Rolling 8-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid Products
MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Global MODIS vegetation indices Products
MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Global MODIS vegetation indices Products
A sampling of reports involving air carrier (FAR 121) flight crew fatigue.
A sampling of altitude deviation reports.
A variety of reports from ATC Controllers.
A sampling of reports referencing a bird or animal strike incident.
A sampling of air carrier reports concerning cabin smoke, fire, fumes or odor related events.
A sampling of reports from all aviation arenas referencing checklist issues (design, procedures, distraction, etc.).
A sampling of reports referencing Commuter and Corporate flight crew fatigue issues and duty periods.
A sampling of aircraft icing encounter reports from GA and Commuter flight crews.
A sampling of reports referencing inadvertent controlled flight towards terrain.
Crew Resource Management (CRM) inflight situations (conflicts, NMACs, and emergencies).
A sampling of reports concerning Emergency Medical Service (EMS) incidents.
A sampling of Flight Attendant reports involving aircraft cabin issues.
A sampling of reports referencing incidents of fuel mismanagement, and operational concerns for fuel planning.
A sampling of reports involving general aviation flight training.
A variety of incident reports involving the use of GPS devices.
A sampling of reports from both air carrier flight crews and GA pilots referencing encounters with severe or unforecast weather.
A sampling of reports from aircraft maintenance personnel.
Reports concerning near midair collision events.
A sampling of reports involving operations at non-tower airports.
A sampling of reports involving parachuting activity and conflicts with aircraft.
A sampling of reports referencing avionics problems that may result from the influence of passenger electronic devices.
A sampling of reports referencing disruptive passenger encounters with cabin crew or flight crew members.
A sampling of reports involving TFR and ADIZ incidents.
A sampling of reports which highlight issues involving communications between pilots and controllers.
A sampling of reports that reference RNAV Arrival related incidents.
A sampling of reports from flight crew of rotary wing aircraft.
A sampling of reports from all aviation arenas referencing runway incursions.
A sampling of reports involving Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) events.
A sampling of reports from flight crews encountering, or affected by, turbojet wake turbulence.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the Nut-92 one-equation turbulence model.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the Nut-92 one-equation turbulence model.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the Menter shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the Menter baseline (BSL) turbulence model.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the Wilcox k-omega turbulence model.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the Chien k-epsilon turbulence model.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the Chien k-epsilon turbulence model.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the Explicit Algebraic Stress k-omega turbulence model.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the K-e-Rt turbulence model.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the Stress-omega Full Reynolds Stress model.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the SSG/LRR Full Reynolds Stress Model.
This web page gives detailed information on the equations for various forms of the GLVY stress-epsilon Full Reynolds-stress Model.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the compressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains the incompressible-flow cases from the 1980-81 Data Library.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent incompressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
This grouping contains more recent compressible-flow cases.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Shock Wave / Turbulent Boundary Layer Flows at High Mach Numbers. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Shock Wave / Turbulent Boundary Layer Flows at High Mach Numbers. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Shock Wave / Turbulent Boundary Layer Flows at High Mach Numbers. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Shock Wave / Turbulent Boundary Layer Flows at High Mach Numbers. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Shock Wave / Turbulent Boundary Layer Flows at High Mach Numbers. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
2-D Coanda Airfoil with Tangential Wall Jet. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: Round Synthetic Jets for Separation Control on 2-D Ramp This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: Round Synthetic Jets for Separation Control on 2-D Ramp This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: Round Synthetic Jets for Separation Control on 2-D Ramp This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: FAITH Hill 3-D Separated Flow. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: FAITH Hill 3-D Separated Flow. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: FAITH Hill 3-D Separated Flow. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: FAITH Hill 3-D Separated Flow. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: FAITH Hill 3-D Separated Flow. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: FAITH Hill 3-D Separated Flow. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: Flow Behind a NACA 0012 Wingtip. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: Shock Boundary Layer Interaction at M=2.05. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: Shock Boundary Layer Interaction at M=2.05. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: Shock Boundary Layer Interaction at M=2.05. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Exp: Shock Boundary Layer Interaction at M=2.05. This web page provides data from experiments that may be useful for the validation of turbulence models. This resource is expected to grow gradually over time. All data herein arepublicly available.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's ASK Magazine archive.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Annual Report highlights the Academy's efforts to serve the NASA workforce's needs in adapting to the challenges of today and the future.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Annual Report highlights the Academy's efforts to serve the NASA workforce's needs in adapting to the challenges of today and the future.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Annual Report highlights the Academy's efforts to serve the NASA workforce's needs in adapting to the challenges of today and the future.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Annual Report highlights the Academy's efforts to serve the NASA workforce's needs in adapting to the challenges of today and the future.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Annual Report highlights the Academy's efforts to serve the NASA workforce's needs in adapting to the challenges of today and the future.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Annual Report highlights the Academy's efforts to serve the NASA workforce's needs in adapting to the challenges of today and the future.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Annual Report highlights the Academy's efforts to serve the NASA workforce's needs in adapting to the challenges of today and the future.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Annual Report highlights the Academy's efforts to serve the NASA workforce's needs in adapting to the challenges of today and the future.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership's Ask the Academy magazine past issues.
The NASA Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership (APPEL) is excited to announce the public release of Orbital Debris Management and Risk Mitigation, its first publication of NASA training materials using the iBook format.
The NASA Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership (APPEL) is excited to announce the public release of Orbital Debris Management and Risk Mitigation, its first publication of NASA training materials using the iBook format.
The NASA Academy of Program/Project & Engineering Leadership (APPEL) is excited to announce the public release of Orbital Debris Management and Risk Mitigation, its first publication of NASA training materials using the iBook format.
NASA's Path to Project Management Excellence eBook. Leadership plays a critical role in the success of today’s programs and projects. In an increasingly global and dynamic project environment, the ability to for organizations to foster and develop project leaders who can lead in and deliver unique, innovative products and missions on time and budget has never been more important.
NASA's Path to Project Management Excellence eBook. Leadership plays a critical role in the success of today’s programs and projects. In an increasingly global and dynamic project environment, the ability to for organizations to foster and develop project leaders who can lead in and deliver unique, innovative products and missions on time and budget has never been more important.
NASA's Path to Project Management Excellence eBook. Leadership plays a critical role in the success of today’s programs and projects. In an increasingly global and dynamic project environment, the ability to for organizations to foster and develop project leaders who can lead in and deliver unique, innovative products and missions on time and budget has never been more important.
NASA's Path to Project Management Excellence eBook. Leadership plays a critical role in the success of today’s programs and projects. In an increasingly global and dynamic project environment, the ability to for organizations to foster and develop project leaders who can lead in and deliver unique, innovative products and missions on time and budget has never been more important.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
The OCKO has developed over 50 case studies to enhance learning at workshops, training, retreats and conferences. Case studies make mission knowledge attractive and engaging by involving people in the decision making process.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Case studies illustrate the kinds of decisions and dilemmas managers face every day, and as such provide an effective learning tool for project management. Due to the dynamic and complex environment of projects, a great deal of project management knowledge is tacit and hard to formalize. A case study captures the complex nature of a project and identifies key decision points, allowing the reader an inside look at the project from a practitioner’s point of view.
Shared Voyage is about four remarkable projects:the Advanced Composition Explorer (NASA), the Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (U.S. Air Force), the Pathfinder Solar-Powered Airplane (NASA), and the Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (U.S. Air Force).
The Critical Path is the Flight Projects Directorate Quarterly Newsletter.
Apollo 11 Lunar Sample Information Catalog Publication: JSC-12522
Apollo 11 Drive Tubes: Dissection and description by Judith H. Allton
Apollo 14 Lunar Sample Information Catalog Publication: JSC-14240; IRENE C. CARLSON, WAYNE J.A.WALTON, JR., NORTHROP SERVICES, INC.
JSC 12922 APOLLO 14 COARSE FINES (4-1m~M) SAMPLE LOCATION AND CLASSIFICATION By F.E. KRAMER AND D.B. TWEDELL
JSC-20787 Apollo 15 Sample Catalog by G. Ryder
JSC-20787 Apollo 15 Sample Catalog by G. Ryder
JSC-20787 Apollo 15 Sample Catalog by G. Ryder
Apollo 15 Coarse Fines (4-10 mm): Sample Classification, Description, and Inventory; MSC 03228; B. Powell
Apollo 15 Lunar Sample Information Catalog; MSC 03209; P. Butler, Jr., M. Anderson, K. Johnston, and W.C. Phinney
Apollo 16 Sample Catalog by Graham Ryder and Marc D. Norman
Apollo 16 Sample Catalog by Graham Ryder and Marc D. Norman
Apollo 16 Sample Catalog by Graham Ryder and Marc D. Norman
Apollo 16 Surface Sampler Data Package by L. Carrasco
Apollo 16 Special Samples by F. Horz et al.
Apollo 16 Coarse Fines (4-10 mm): Sample Classification, Description, and Inventory by U. Marvin
Description, Classification and Inventory of Apollo 16 Rake Samples from Stations 1, 4 and 13 by W.C. Phinney and G. Lofgren
Apollo 16 Lunar Sample Information Catalog; MSC 03210; P. Butler, Jr., M. Anderson, K. Johnston, and W.C. Phinney
The Cutting, Chipping & Distribution of Lunar Rock 68815
Apollo 16 Soil Catalog - 61220 by U. Marvin and A. Mosie
Breccia Guidebook #3 67915; JSC 16242; J.G. Taylor and A. Mosie
Breccia Guidebook #4 67915; JSC 16671; U. Marvin
Breccia Guidebook #5 67016; JSC 17393; M. Norman, G. Garcia
Breccia Guidebook #6 67435; JSC 18743; J.G. Taylor and A. Mosie
Description, Classification and Inventory of 151 Apollo 16 Rake Samples from the LM area and Station 5; K. Keil, E. Dowty, M. Prinze and T.E. Bunch
Apollo 17 Sample Catalog; JSC-26088; G. Ryder
Apollo 17 Sample Catalog; JSC-26088; G. Ryder
Apollo 17 Sample Catalog; JSC-26088; G. Ryder
Apollo 17 Sample Catalog; JSC-26088; G. Ryder
Preliminary Data on Boulders at Station 6 Apollo 17 Landing Site; JSC 08484/NASA TM X-58116; H. Grant et al.
Guidebook for the Boulders at Station 6, Apollo 17; JSC 17243; W.C. Phinney
Description, Classification and Inventory of Apollo 17 Rake Samples from Station 6; W.C. Phinney, C. Simonds, and J. Warner
Description, Classification and Inventory of 113 Apollo 17 Rake Samples from Station 1A, 2, 7 and 8; K. Keil, E. Dowty, M. Prinze
Apollo 17 Coarse Fines (4-10 mm): Sample Location,  Classification and Photo Index; C. Meyer
Breccia Guidebook #8 72275; JSC 20416; P. Salpas, K. Willis and L.A. Taylor
Handbook of Lunar Soils; R. Morris, R. Score, C. Dardano, G. Heiken
Occurrence of ANT Fragments in Lunar Soils and Breccias: Guide to Polished Thin Sections; JSC 14394; C. Bickel and J. Warner
Pristine Non-Mare Materials Part 1. Non-Anorthosites Revised; JSC 14565; G. Ryder and M. Norman
Pristine Non-Mare Materials Part 2. Anorthosites Revised; JSC 14603; G. Ryder and M. Norman
Complete Listing of Antarctic Meteorites in the U.S. Collection
NASA Open Data Public Data List. This machine readable file contains meta-records for NASA open data sets.
Chief Information Officer Program
The Gasdynamic Mirror (GDM) thruster is an electric propulsion device, without electrodes, that will magnetically confine a plasma with such density and temperature as to make the ion-ion collision mean free path much shorter than its length, but the macroscopic time scale is smaller than the characteristic time for electron-ion equilibrium. So, the electrons and ions have different temperatures and the magnetic mirror field induces an ambipolar axial electrostatic field which, acting with the nozzle effect of the diverging magnetic field, will accelerate the ions exiting the GDM in a jet along the centerline, giving the thruster a specific impulse that is up to 30 times greater than a comparable device in which the hot propellant is expanded adiabaticallyThe density and temperature ranges and the basic mode of GDM operation mesh well with electric power input by microwaves via Electron-Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH). A combined ECRH/GDM thruster will have an operating envelope that will span the gap (about two orders of magnitude in density) between ion engines and magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) arc thrusters, without the endurance limitations imposed by electrodes. The proposed research will explore the operational envelope of these thrusters. Experiments have shown that stable operation can be achieved.
A Web-based Airborne Remote Sensing Telemetry Server (WARSTS) is proposed to integrate UAV telemetry and web-technology into an innovative communication, command, control, and computer-network (C4) system for operational UAV remote sensing. WARSTS integrates two innovative subsystems: the Tracking Antenna Radio Link (TARL) and the Web-based Application Support System (WASS). TARL serves as the sensor gateway to WASS. It links a remotely deployed airborne sensor platform and ground control equipment by a high-speed peer-to-peer Wi-Fi link. TARL monitors airborne instruments and UAV operation status continuously while performing selective imaging data transmission. WASS processes the structured UAV platform position/attitude and imaging data and makes them visualizable through an integrated web-enabled application package in realtime. WARSTS features the following capabilities: (1) a realtime sensor fusion algorithm that combines inertial, GPS, magnetometer, and other sensor input to deliver precision airborne platform state vectors at a rate greater than 50 Hz; (2) a set of visualization tools that automatically generate the mapping area mosaic of the remote sensing UAV along with its 3D flight through animation; (3) human-UAV instrument interactive control; (4) hotspot realtime hyperspectral/multispectral data download; and finally (5) a fully featured web-based connectivity solution that speeds up information delivery.
In this research we will develop a system level tool to translate binary code of a general-purpose processor into Register Transfer Level VHDL code to be mapped onto FPGA-based reconfigurable hardware.  We further plan to study techniques for performing hardware/software co-design on integrated systems-on-a-chip platforms consisting of embedded processors, memories and FPGAs.   Finally we will develop techniques to perform area, delay and power tradeoffs in the hardware that is synthesized by our compiler on the FPGAs.  We will demonstrate our concepts using a prototype compiler that will translate binary code of a Texas Instrument TMS320 C6000 processor into a hardware/software implementation on a Xilinx Virtex II Pro Platform FPGA. This work will be performed jointly between BINACHIP, a small business company, and University of Illinois at Chicago, a partner research institution
This Phase I STTR project will demonstrate the Aerospace System Monitor (ASM).  This technology transforms the power distribution network in a spacecraft or aircraft into a multiple-use service, providing not only power distribution but also a diagnostic monitoring capability based on observations of the way in which loads draw power from the distribution service.  Careful measurements are made power transients and this data is used to assess system functioning and identify potential faults and failures.   In Phase I, ASM measurements will be made on spacecraft components like attitude thruster control valves and a power switching array.  An integrated circuit will be constructed with several components running on a single power supply to demonstrate analysis of several components simultaneously.  In Phase II, ASM measurements will be made on actual spacecraft.
In order to meet the challenges of space exploration, knowledge of the current and future health of mission critical systems is essential. Qualtech Systems, Inc. in cooperation with Montana Tech of the University of Montana proposes to develop an intelligent self evolving prognostic fusion solution. The proposed solution intelligently combines multiple subsystem health assessments to form an overall system health assessment. Additionally, the solution performs optimal system configuration based upon the health assessment. 

Design of the individual prognostic solutions for subsystem health assessment also utilizes fusion methods. The approach combines both model based and data driven techniques to provide optimal health assessment. The prognostic solution self evolves over time to cover the life of the subsystem.
A tunable dye laser for Lidar detection will be fabricated based on the innovative dye-doped Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals (HPDLC) technology. The demonstration of the tunable lasing of dye-doped holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal is the main focus during the Phase-I research, while the commercial tunable-laser product will be realized in Phase-II. 

By carefully choosing the materials including liquid crystal, UV-polymerizable monomer, emitter dye and optimizing the holographic-writing process, dye-doped HPDLC is formed as an one-dimensional photonic bandgap material, Mirrorless Lasing in the dye-doped HPDLC occurs at the reflection band edges. Applied voltage tunes the reflection peak of the HPDLC as well as the center wavelength of emitting laser. The whole laser device is solid state and highly resistant to shock and vibration as it has no moving parts. Since the innovative laser device is based on the thin film technology, there is no bulky laser cavity and the cost of the HPDLC thin films are low due to easy-to-achieve large scale manufacturing. The unit price of the HPDLC thin film can be so low that it is economical to throw away and replace a HPDLC thin film device once the dye reaches the end of its life.
In this STTR project we will address the radiation hardness issues using radiation hard (RH) materials. We will based on the RH material to develop our photon counting APD device structure and grow and fabricate high-quality devices that can achieve high sensitivity, high uniformity, low dark counts, and fast and small after-pulse dark current. We will further utilize our high quality guard-ring and backside lens techniques to develop reliable, high uniformity, 2-D, APD arrays with near 90&#37; fill-in factor for the detection area coverage.
Software is an integral part of many complex embedded systems, such as avionics, scientific exploration, and on-board systems. However, poor software reliability is a major impediment to the success of these mission-critical systems. Testing, formal verification, and code synthesis techniques have been proposed to achieve more reliable software, with automated code synthesis being the most promising method. But synthesizing a complex system from scratch is costly.  A more practical approach is to synthesize systems from existing components, i.e., component-based system synthesis (CBSS).  Existing research in CBSS focuses on synthesizing systems bottom-up, which has severe limitations.  We propose to achieve CBSS by combining the top-down and bottom-up approaches. Specifically, we develop techniques to achieve automated system decomposition and semi-automated system architecture synthesis.  The IDEAL decomposition technique decomposes a system into ``IDEAL'' units that are mathematically composable and can be developed and evolved independently.  Consequently, the technique assures system reliability and enables on-the-fly feature/technology upgrades. The QoS-based architecture synthesis technique seeks to assure system QoS properties by synthesizing an architecture that optimizes QoS objectives.  It also facilitates on-board system adaptation due to resource and power constraints. Combined with bottom-up techniques, such as Amphion and pattern-based code synthesis, a dramatic leap in automated CBSS capability can be achieved. The proposed research will lead to sophisticated automation for synthesizing highly reliable, multi-mission capable avionics and exploration systems.
In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the propagation of polarized light in randomly scattering media. The investigation of backscattered light is of particular interest since most medical applications aimed at the in-vivo characterization of biological tissue rely on backscattered light. By recording the spatially dependent response of a medium to a polarized point source, one may obtain information about the scattering particles that are not accessible to mere intensity measurements. In this program, Boston Applied Technologies Incorporated (BATI), together with the Catholic University of America (CUA) proposes an innovative NIR polarization imaging solution based on high performance fast tunable phase retarder and novel algorithm. It will have the ability to record both scattering images and Stokes polarization imaging. It allows very fast recording the polarization images at the speed limit of a CCD. It contains no moving parts and can accommodate to most of the existing CCD cameras. The unique measurement procedure allows efficient, accurate sensing of the polarization imaging. A computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) software will be developed for the proposed polarization imaging system.
Time simulation of a nonlinear aerodynamics model (NA) developed at Virginia Tech coupled with a nonlinear structure model (NS) is proposed as a design/analysis methodology for highly flexible HALE/morphing aircraft.  With this nonlinear aero-structure (NAS) approach, large structure deformations and static/dynamic aeroelastic responses of such flexible aircraft can be properly accounted for including all dominant linear/nonlinear effects. The vortex dynamics coupling and spline procedure in NAS render it an ideal tool for expedient time simulations. The proof-of-concept example demonstrates the validity of the NA model and its aeroelastic applicability to a HALE flying wing in an open and closed loop control environment. Pathfinder/Helios flying wing will be selected as the candidate NAS feasibility study case. Further, ZONA Technology will integrate this methodology into an user-friendly, open-architecture software with a highly modular format using the ZONA Database Management (ZDM) system. Phase I effort will focus on the NAS for wing-only configurations. Phase II will enlarge our scope to include modules in time-domain gust, NAS-aeroservoelasticity, and interfacing with commercialized nonlinear structural FEM, and to increase the geometric complexity for wing-body and realistic aircraft configurations. The ZONA team intends to work closely with NASA and AeroVironment throughout these phases.
The pace and cost of developing an engine system for future explorations is strongly influenced by the inadequacies of design tools and the supporting databases. The inability to predict the internal operating environments of a combustion chamber during the design process necessitates design iterations during the development process.  NASA and the Department of Defense are working to increase the fidelity and accuracy of the tools used during the design process to define these internal operating environments. Key to the development of advanced analysis tools is appropriate validation data of adequate fidelity. The goal of this STTR is to develop a comprehensive hot-fire liquid-rocket engine test database that is appropriate for the validation of advanced two and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models and the anchoring of lower-fidelity analytical design tools. The initial focus will be to generate high-quality data on wall heat flux, axial energy release and exit-plane species concentration distribution.
Revolutionizing the space propulsion industry through innovative, relatively low-cost, manufacturing techniques is extremely needed. Specifically, advancements are needed for components in new high-powered electrical, beamed energy, and nuclear propulsion systems. Innovative processes for fabricating large, net shape, nanostructured tungsten-rhenium components are proposed. Innovative liquid precursors, tungstic acid and perrhenic acid, will be used in conjunction with powders. Vacuum Plasma Spray parameters will be developed to deposit nanostructured W-Re material. The techniques will then be used to fabricate samples for microstructural characterization and tensile testing. After optimization, non-eroding throats will be fabricated and hot fire tested at ATK/Thiokol at no cost to the Phase I effort.  Tungsten is being used for its high melting temperature and chemical stability, and rhenium is used to improve ductility. The ability to fabricate nanostructured tungsten-rhenium components to net shape will revolutionize the ultra high temperature materials industry.
Space Micro and Clemson University have teamed for a miniature, ultra
low power, space radiation dosimeter. We project this unit,
&amp;quot;MicroRad&amp;quot;, to be 50X smaller than the existing solution. Our
ability to capitalize on COTS semiconductor devices and processes enable
extremely accurate measurements at low cost. Space Micro Inc. adds their
space rad hard computing to provide data logging and reporting of
radiation levels. Our innovation is to utilize a normally negative
response of modern microelectronics to space radiation to enable
measurement of impinging particles. It is our understanding of the
radiation effects physics, combined with space electronics computing and
hardware which will make this R&amp;amp;D successful. In Phase we
demonstrate technical feasibility with a lab breadboard dosimeter and
device level radiation test results. We also evaluate advanced
microelectronics packaging techniques (3-D stacking) to even further
miniaturize in Phase II. At the end of Phase II we have developed and
tested flight model dosimeter including ground-based radiation
qualification. Use of space radiation dosimeters has been severely
limited due to the size, power, cost of limited custom products; it is
our mission to provide a commercially viable standard dosimeter for
widespread application to new NASA long duration exploration and science missions.
NextGen Aeronautics, Inc. and their partner, Virginia Tech, propose to
develop a self-healing material for wire insulation using a class of
poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) and poly(tetramethylene oxide)
ionomer polymers. The self-healing property of these materials is
strongly correlated with the thermal processes that occur during and
after damage initiation.  Recent experimental results have demonstrated
that penetration of the polymer by a projectile causes localized heating
near the puncture.  The heating then causes a localized melt elastic
response which serves to close the puncture and 'heal' the polymer.
Since self-healing has already been demonstrated using these materials,
the major technical challenge of this STTR effort is to stimulate the
localized melt elastic response that has been shown to initiate
self-healing.  Our concept is to incorporate a magnetically-response
phase into the insulating polymer for the purpose of causing localized
heating during high-frequency excitation of the polymer.  This magnetic
phase will be located close to the electrical conductor.  Localized
heating will cause flow into the crack and, upon cooling, the crack will
close over the wire and eliminate the exposure of the bare wire.
This research focuses on fully developing energy density sensors that will yield a significant benefit both for measurements of interest to NASA, as well as for general acoustic measurements. Previous research has developed prototype energy density sensors. The Phase I research will focus on developing effective calibration techniques for these probes, testing and validating the probes to identify the most effective design, developing a software interface to facilitate user-friendly data acquisition, and developing software to measure acoustic directivity and sound power using the energy density sensors. An initial feasibility study will also be carried out to investigate high-temperature, high-pressure designs that are suitable for NASA needs. 
Phase II research objectives extend the use of these sensors to measure source directivity and sound power. Energy propagation will be determined from these measurements. A major Phase II focus will be the development of a high-temperature, high-pressure design for the energy density sensor, as well as investigating nonlinear effects on these energy-based measurements.
NASA applications of the technology include characterizing radiation from rocket plumes to better understand the mechanisms involved and to match numerical codes. Non-NASA applications are many, including such tasks as in-situ measurement of sound power and radiation characteristics of sources.
The innovation is the systematic "building-block" validation of CFD/turbulence models employing a GUI driven CFD code (RPFM) and existing as well as new data sets to be generated in this proposed program. Unified ke and algebraic stress (EASM) turbulence models, shown to adequately simulate fundamental high-speed jet data sets and now being validated with PIV data sets in a NASA Glenn program, will be used. These jet turbulence models will be improved to provide agreement with base region data for cold air data sets. Hot jet base region data sets are not readily to evaluate Prandtl number models affecting base heating. Inadequacies pose major issues with regard to analyzing base regions of rocket motors. A key innovation is to obtain high speed, hot jet base region data sets in the new, U.Miss/Oxford 12" quiet tunnel facility using advanced diagnostic techniques, extending the hot, supersonic jet data of Seiner. In Phase I, consistent modeling of cold flow base region data will be achieved, and, the hot jet base region problem will be initiated. This innovation fills a major gap at NASA improving upon base region simulation capabilities required for launcher design aerothermal predictions.
The proposed effort is concerned with the development of a novel optimization scheme and computer software for the effective design of advanced aerospace vehicles. Since such vehicles are characterized by unprecedented levels of areo-structural-controls-propulsion interactions, a multidisciplinary simulation is essential for their effective design. This can be accomplished by employing the common finite element method for the structures and also fluids and propulsion simulations. A typical multidisciplinary optimization scheme will involve structural design for minimum weight with aerodynamic data such as drag and wing platform as design variable subject to constraints like flutter and structural strength. Emphasis will be placed on the choice and calculation of suitable gradient of objective function as well as the constraints to guarantee global optimal solution. Novel numerical schemes will also be developed for efficient, cost effective solution of large complex practical problems such as current and future flight vehicles. In Phase I, the basic numerical schemes for the optimum design will be establish along with a pilot code to verify these techniques. Also developed will be a general turbulence package for any typical FE CFD software. In Phase II, a complete software will be developed and checked out for the simulation of complex practical problems.
Intelligent Automation, Incorporated (IAI) and its subcontractor, Penn State U., propose a novel system to detect damage in aircraft structures. The system combines novel TFT based thin film actuators and sensors for signal acquisition and a robust software for fault prognosis and diagnosis. The actuator/sensor is known as PVDF-IDT (Polyvinylidine Fluoride Interdigital Transducer) that is integrated into a TFT switching circuit. It is low cost, compact, flexible, and has great potential for wireless interrogation. PVDF-IDT sensor has been proven to be useful for sensing cracks in rivet holes as well as other structural defects such as corrosion, delamination, and fatigue cracking. The second element of the system is an automatic fault prognosis tool, which consists of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), and Hidden Markov Model (HMM). PCA is a popular neural network tool for extracting useful features. LVQ is used to generate the code sequence. HMM has been proven to be extremely useful in several applications, however, HMM is used here to perform both fault prognosis and diagnosis. Our proposed system can perform continuous monitoring of aircraft structures in both ground and in-flight situations, and the sensors can be easily embedded into the structure.
Molybdenum has been identified as a promising material for many high temperature NASA applications due to its high melting temperature, resistance to liquid metals, resistance to hot hydrogen, high thermal conductivity, and relatively low density.  However, molybdenum's ductile to brittle transition temperature is above room temperature, which makes fabricating complex components extremely difficult by conventional fabrication techniques.  Recent, advancements in Vacuum Plasma Spray (VPS) forming technology have enabled the fabrication of complex molybdenum and molybdenum-rhenium components.  However, further increases in performance could be gained by the development of higher use temperature molybdenum alloys.  During this investigation, innovative dispersion strengthened, molybdenum-rhenium alloys will be developed using VPS forming techniques and through the proper selection of advanced transition metal (TM) based ceramic dispersoids.  These alloys have the potential to operate at temperatures greater than 1800?C for extend durations.
The increased aircraft safety potential of active flow control using synthetic jets - specifically, using synthetic jets on the leading edge of the wing to delay flow separation - is of critical importance.  Delaying flow separation could allow an aircraft to recover from adverse conditions that would otherwise result in a loss of control.
Active flow control using synthetic jet actuators has been the subject of significant research in recent years due to its immense potential to expand the operating regimes of unconventional airfoils and provide "virtual" shaping.  Barron Associates (BAI) and its research partners at the University of Virginia and the University of Wyoming propose innovative active flow control solutions that will allow achieve virtual sur-face shaping objectives and delay flow separation at high angles of attack to provide a safer and more efficient flight environment. The proposed integrated actuation and control systems will be demonstrated using a Boeing 747 flight simulation.
In Phase II, the team will:  (1) implement the control algorithms in real time in hardware; (2) fabricate a Boeing 747-like scale model with integrated synthetic jet actuators, and; (3) demonstrate the actuation capacity and control algorithm performance for achieving desired flow control objectives.
Over the past six years, ENTECH, Auburn, NASA, and other organizations have developed a new space photovoltaic array called the Stretched Lens Array (SLA), which offers unprecedented performance (e.g., &gt;80 kW/cu.m. stowed power, &gt;300 W/sq.m. areal power, and &gt;300 W/kg specific power in the very near term) and cost-effectiveness (&gt;75&#37; savings in $/W compared to planar high-efficiency arrays).  SLA achieves these outstanding attributes by employing flexible Fresnel lenses for optical concentration (e.g., 8X), thereby minimizing solar cell area, mass, and cost.  SLA's small cell size (85&#37; less cell area than planar high-efficiency arrays) also allows super-insulation and super-shielding of the solar cells to enable high-voltage operation and radiation hardness in the space environment.  Recent studies show that SLA offers a 3-4X advantage over competing arrays in specific power for many NASA Exploration missions.  ENTECH and Auburn, with Aerojet support, propose to develop and demonstrate a special version of SLA, specifically optimized for Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) missions.  This SLA for SEP will operate at 600 V to direct-drive an Aerojet Hall-effect electric thruster.  Such a combination of an ultra-light, high-voltage, radiation-hard SLA with a high-specific-impulse electric thruster will have widespread applicability to many NASA, DOD, and commercial missions.
Recent success of an annular aerospike flight test by NASA Dryden has prompted keen interest in providing thrust vector capability to the annular aerospike nozzle (AAN).  The AAN with a moveable spike for thrust vectoring and throttling could provide a more efficient alternative to traditional bell nozzles.

Cal Poly, which has a thrust vector research facility, has teamed with Rolling Hills Research Corporation, with CFD capability, to experimentally and analytically determine the optimal approach to thrust vectoring and throttling the AAN.

In Phase I, several scale AAN models were fabricated with movable spikes that could be displaced and/or gimballed.  One set of studies quantified thrust changes as a function of spike axial position for throttling.  Other studies examined the thrust vectoring effectiveness of various proprietary nozzle configurations.  Schlieren photography and 3-axis force measurements showed excellent correlation to predictions made with the OVERFLOW CFD code.

The most promising of the nozzle configurations for thrust vectoring and throttling were shown to produce stable flow that generates a resultant turn angle whose magnitude is in the neighborhood of current rocket booster technology.  These promising configurations have been selected for extensive laboratory testing and computational analysis for optimization in the Phase II program.  The objective of Phase III will be flight test.
Space Micro will extend our Phase I R&amp;D to develop a family of miniature, active space radiation dosimeters/particle counters, with a focus on biological/manned dose levels. A single board design will support both manned level and space electronics level dosimetry needs. This is enabled by the density and features of commercial high density silicon semiconductor memory devices, coupled with innovative patented programming algorithms.
We plan to augment this core dosimeter technology with other emerging novel miniature radiation detectors to enhance single particle detection, including heavy ions and secondary neutrons.
A flight dosimeter will be delivered to NASA for flight demo on ISS or other platform.
Space Micro will then commercialize for both NASA markets (manned and electronics grade levels) with a standard product offering through our established marketing channels.
NextGen and Virginia Tech are developing a self-healing material for wire insulation using a class of ionomeric polymers.   These ionomers exhibit self-healing properties as a function of the ionic content of the material.  Previous work has focused on self-healing of puncture damage caused by projectiles, has shown that an airtight seal can be formed in real time seconds after the puncture has occurred.  

Since self-healing has already been demonstrated, the major technical challenge of this effort is to stimulate the localized melt elastic response that has been shown to initiate self-healing.  Our concept is to incorporate a magnetically-responsive phase into the insulating polymer using magnetic flux particle alignment to induce localized heating during high-frequency excitation of the polymer.  Tuning the frequency of the electrical signal to the critical frequency of the polymer associated with the glass transition temperature will produce localized heating of the insulation. Localized heating, initiated by a wiring damage event such as arcing, will cause flow into the crack and, upon cooling, the crack will close over the wire and eliminate the exposure of the bare wire.  With proper arrangement of nanoparticles the impact on material property can be minimized, while site-specific self-healing can be demonstrated.
Reconfigurable antennas are attractive for remote sensing, surveillance and communications, since they enable changes in operating frequency and / or radiation pattern, resulting in high-bandwidth antenna systems, with broad areas of coverage. Additional functionality would be achieved by integrating: control, processing, and communications directly onto the antenna substrate; MEMS sensors into the antenna substrate to monitor the system health; and opto-electronic beam forming networks, providing immunity to electromagnetic interference. In order to make such systems affordable for space exploration, it is critical to minimize the cost of transporting them into space. For this reason, antennas fabricated on flexible substrates are highly desirable since they can be rolled up and launched in a low-volume configuration, then inflated in space. While these advantages are significant, the fabrication of antennas providing these features is challenging due to the lack of manufacturing technologies that can meet all of the processing requirements for fabrication on flexible substrates. In this program we will develop antenna designs and lithography-based processes, enabling manufacturing processes that cannot be carried out using existing patterning technologies, in particular: laser-crystallization, allowing for the integration of ICs; and a combination of processes to produce MEMS for on-board sensors and for reconfiguring the array.
This Phase II program is developing NET Shape components from Encapsulated Powders.  Significant advances in Phase I for various materials and in net shape processing techniques have been realized.  The objective of Phase II is to continue fabrication of these unique materials and compare multiple net shape processes and systems for various applications,  APS and UC Davis have assembled  world reknowned team of experts and commercial partners to aid phase II development of NET Shape components and final Phase III commercialization.
The program focuses on turbulence modeling enhancements for predicting high-speed rocket base flows. A key component of the effort is the collection of high-fidelity data for supporting turbulence model validation and calibration. Base flow configurations of interest to NASA Marshal will also be investigated using improved modeling tools. Experiments for supersonic rocket base flows will be performed in the new 12?X12? tunnel, at the National Center for Physical Acoustics (NCPA), utilizing high-quality base flow models, provided by the US Army. Measurements will include Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) for turbulent statistics, supplemented by Schlieren, Raman spectroscopy and Rayleigh scattering. Complimentary Large Eddy Simulations (LES) will provide additional turbulence statistics that are not readily/reliably measured. The data will support enhancements to the CRAFT Tech unified k-epsilon turbulence model. The impact of employing a variable turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt number methodology, based on a two-equation scalar variance framework, will be considered for reacting and non-reacting base flows. The effort will lead to extended validation of enhanced turbulence modeling tools, increased reliability of base drag &amp; heat flux predictions and fills a major gap at NASA by improving upon base region simulation capabilities required for launcher design aerothermal predictions.
Luna proposes to continue development on a high-speed fiber optic sensor and readout system for cryogenic temperature measurements in liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid hydrogen (LH2).  This work will be based on the solid proof of feasibility completed during the Phase I STTR project and will result in 1) extremely high-speed, minimally-intrusive fiber optic temperature sensors for cryogenic and high-temperature applications and 2) an industrially robust, turn-key fiber optic readout system capable of servicing numerous sensor types, addressing a broad range of needs within NASA.  The sensors and system developed here will be specifically designed to meet NASA Stennis needs for facility and test article health-monitoring.  Additionally, the basic readout system could be extended to include rotary and linear position for valve position feedback, which supports NASA?s stated need for smart system components such as control valves, regulators, and relief valves that provide real-time, closed-loop control, component configuration, automated operation, and component health.  Luna?s research subcontractor, Virginia Tech, will develop new and improved methods to accurately model the transient interaction between cryogenic fluid flow and immersed sensors that predict the dynamic load on the sensors, frequency spectrum, heat transfer, and effect on the flow field as part of this effort.
The use of multidisciplinary analysis (MDA) techniques for combustion device environment prediction, including complex fluid mixing phenomena, is now becoming possible as numerical algorithms and high performance computing clusters become more powerful.  Parallel solution methodologies and distributed memory architectures are currently available, yet the challenge of bringing highly sophisticated MDA research algorithms into a fast-paced NASA engineering environment still remains.  In particular, continued improvements in current analysis tools and further validation of physical models are still needed to develop practical MDA capabilities.  The product of our proposed Phase II effort will be an to compute turbulent, chemically reacting flows with coupled structural heating.  Our unique approach, employing solution-based mesh refinement algorithms for generalized unstructured meshes, will provide NASA with the critical capability to solve fluid/structure interaction problems in a collaborative engineering environment.  The developed software will be capable of generating both performance and multi-dimensional environments for rocket engine combustion devices.  More specifically, it will support accurate and timely design analyses for all Exploration Vision propulsion systems combustion devices and will offer NASA a significantly improved, commercially viable analysis tool.
In this STTR, an innovative, efficient and high fidelity computational tool to predict radiative heat transfer will be implemented in the LOCI framework. Radiative heat transfer in rocket engine combustion can play a significant role in determining engine performance and combustor wall heat loading. Radiation will also become increasingly important as hydrocarbon-based fuels are used in rocket propulsion as alternatives to hydrogen, for in-situ propellants, and in the development of nontoxic fuels for reaction control thrusters. Currently there is no radiation modeling capability in the LOCI framework, the basis for codes used by NASA and their contractors to design and analyze rocket engines. CFDRC has teamed with Mississippi State University (MSU), the original developer of LOCI, to develop the needed radiation module.  In Phase I, the well-established Control-Angle Discrete Ordinates Method will be implemented for solving the Radiative Transfer Equation. This module will be used in the combustion code, CHEM, and tested with proven gray and nongray gas radiation models to establish the framework for future development and to demonstrate the feasibility of radiation modeling using LOCI. In Phase II, efforts will focus on developing increasingly accurate and robust nongray gas models such as the narrow band models, Weight-Sum-of-Gray-Gases method, and the innovative Full Spectrum Correlated k-distribution model.
While the protective qualities of activated carbon have been enhanced by the addition of specific metal salts, activated carbon technology has changed little over the last 60 years.  In this Phase I, Agave BioSystems and the Universities Space Research Association, propose to develop next generation smart adsorbents using novel carbon nanotube (CNT)-based structures for the adsorption and destruction of potentially toxic air contaminants.  Since CNTs have extremely high surface area, can be readily modified with metals or functional groups, and can function without the mass transfer limitations of traditional activated carbon, they are an ideal material for integration into spacecraft air handling systems.  Our goal is to build upon the unique structural and chemical nature of carbon nanotubes to generate a new generation of smart adsorbents.  The exceptionally high mass transfer properties of these in situ grown carbon nanotubes should reduce problems of current filters such as pore clogging or limited accessible material.
In the future, exploration missions will benefit greatly from advanced metrology capabilities, particularly structural health monitoring systems that provide real time in situ diagnostics and evaluation of structural integrity. Safety- and mission-critical components and systems will be instrumented with embedded sensors to provide a real-time indication of health, helping to ensure that America's space exploration remains safe and cost efficient. One of the most promising technologies for accomplishing this is fiber-optic sensors. Due to their light-weight and multiplexing potential, fiber-optic sensors are highly desirable for employment in this fashion. However, most COTS devices are bench sized units and are too large and heavy to be overly attractive for space applications. 

To address this shortcoming, Luna Innovations proposes to develop a compact, light-weight, low-power consumption, multi-parameter distributed sensor system based on the OFDR technique. The interrogator will incorporate optical ASIC technology, highly integrated tunable VCSEL technology, and state-of-the-art integrated processing technology to dramatically reduce the size, weight, and cost and to dramatically increase the performance and robustness relative to COTS OFDR interrogator units. This interrogator will interface with fiber-optic strain, temperature, and shape sensor arrays, enabling simultaneous interrogation of a multitude of sensors, dramatically reducing the per sensor cost of instrumentation.
Astronomers strive to see farther and farther into the cosmos.  These increased observation distances will gain access to a wealth of information that will enable a better understanding of the universe, and the origins of Earth.  To gain these distances larger aperture telescopes are required.  Current materials and fabrication processes for space-based mirrors have serious drawbacks that severely limit the size and therefore the performance of optical systems for imagery.  These drawbacks fall primarily into the areas of mass properties, structural properties, thermal properties, and fabrication costs.
	Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. (CRG), proposes to develop a composite material system that will address the drawbacks of conventional materials and fabrication processes for space-based mirrors.  This novel composite system will integrate syntactic materials (see background Section 2.4) with electroformed nickel foils to achieve a balance of mass, structural, thermal, and optical properties that dramatically advances the state-of-the-art for space-based mirrors.  The composite material will also enable fabrication techniques that are faster and cheaper than current practices.
The SSC needs a hydrogen temperature sensor that can provide high
accuracy, fast response and can be operated on a superheated hydrogen
(SHH2) environment. This will help prepare the SSC testing facility to
support the new NASA mission for US space exploration as proposed by the
President in January 2004.  Here, we propose to develop an innovative,
non-intrusive temperature sensor based on Spontaneous Raman Scattering
(SRS). SRS has been known for years as a relatively simple analytical
method. The goal of the proposed effort is to demonstrate a SRS sensor,
which is able to provide millisecond sampling time for temperature
measurements in SSH2. During Phase I, a SRS system based on a 0.5
spectrometer and ICCD detector will be used to find the best hydrogen
bands for the temperature measurement. The fast response PMTube - based
SRS system will then be designed for selected spectral lines.
Experimental parameters will be evaluated to achieve optimum response
time and sensitivity for this application. The study from Phase I will
provide the necessary information to design a phase II prototype unit to
achieve millisecond response time and better sensitivity in a compact
package. In Phase II, the prototype SRS system will be developed and
tested at the SSC and will be delivered to NASA/SSC for their evaluation.
Next generation General Aviation (GA) Sport Class air vehicles limited to 1200lbs, represent the first opportunity to overhaul the FAA certification process necessary to manufacture affordable aircraft. With propulsion representing over one-third of the direct manufacturing costs of the entire aircraft, dramatic reductions in aircraft engine costs must be achieved by design, economy of scale, and modern Quality Assurance (QA) manufacturing techniques. Future on-demand intra-urban Personal Air Vehicles (PAV) will require a breakthrough in affordable ($20/hp) propulsion technology capable of STOL or VTOL performance with specific weight ratio above 1hp/lb. Affordable engines of this performance do not exist today. Therefore this propulsion system study proposes to examine 3 innovative concepts of widely different configurations, namely: Advanced Uniflow Supercharged 4-cycle; Advanced Contra-Prop Supercharged 2-cycle; and Free Piston/Turbine designs. The common design philosophy of maximum breathing capacity, unobstructed combustion chamber design, and high mechanical/structural efficiency ensures maximum power density on multi-fuels at the lowest cost. Economy of scale and QA production are approached by innovative/universal design that is aligned with recreational engine power and manufacturing practices.
Munro &amp; Assoc. and MISATS (MU&amp;M) recognize the explosive market pull for low cost airplanes, i.e. PAV, that provide affordable, comfortable and safe traveler. MU&amp;M propose a revolutionary convergence in design integration for propulsor manufacturing technology as a decisive enabler for PAV. The critical target for a sub $100,000 PAV is a $10,000 propulsion system. Munro &amp; Assoc.'s (Munro's) innovation will allow this target to be met by adapting advanced automotive manufacturing technology through Lean Design &lt;SUP&gt;REG&lt;/SUP&gt;. The MU&amp;M target is a $7,000 engine and drive train and a $3,000 PAV propulsor that is efficient and produces low community noise by design. Upon successful Phase II development the Lean Manufacturing can take place across an organized supply chain of 4 elements:
1)	An off-the-shelf automotive Corvette LS-1 engine
2)	Aviation certified accessories
3)	The propulsor (shaft, flanges, hub, pitch change mechanism, duct and fan)
4)	An FAA certification process for the propulsion system based on the QA system in place for the LS-1 engine production line.
This STTR Phase I project will establish the feasibility of an
innovative manufacturing process to fabricate a range of unique
hafnium/silicon based carbide composites and material systems that
cannot be processed using conventional techniques. These materials are
expected to have a host of unique mechanical and thermal characteristics
making them highly suitable for ultrahigh temperature aerospace and
commercial applications. The manufacturing technique offers a viable,
low-cost, environmentally friendly, and highly flexible processing
technology that can also be used to generate various material forms
(fiber reinforced and graded structures) and complex, net-shape
components. In addition to the primary feasibility tasks, the Phase I
effort will also quantify mechanical and thermal properties, and
oxidation resistance characteristics of the processed materials, as
functions of composition and microstructure. This will serve to guide
the identification of specific applications for the fabricated
materials. Phase II activities will expand the initial effort to
demonstrate the use of these materials for structural elements by
refining the processing technique, developing other material systems,
and fabricating structural components that incorporate graded and
fiber-reinforced morphologies. In conjunction with the STTR effort, we
will pursue a commercialization plan that involves specific
collaborations with commercial partners and end-users.
Extra-vehicular activities (EVA) on the Moon and Mars will require suits with sophisticated thermal control systems allowing astronauts to work for extended periods of time. Use of consumables such as water that cannot be easily replaced should be of particular concern. In this aspect the EVA suits for Moon/Mars environments need to be different from the current Space Shuttle Extra Vehicular Mobility Units (EMU) that require water sublimation into space for removing heat. Moreover, both the Moon and Martian environments are quite different from what conventional EMUs are exposed to. These variations call for careful analysis and innovative engineering for design and fabrication of an appropriate thermal control system.  Rini Technologies, Inc. (RTI) proposes a novel and No/Low consumable approach to this problem.  With the feasibility of the RTI Miniature Vapor Compression Cycle (MVCC) design demonstrated in Phase I, this proposal explores the development of a novel MVCC system suitable for these rigorous environmental requirements.  In Phase II, RTI will build a compact prototype MVCC system capable of providing 250W of cooling while using 75W of electrical power.  Furthermore, the system will achieve TRL 4 prior to the completion of the research activity
Phase I demonstrated experimentally a very high temperature acoustically absorbing coating for ducted acoustics applications. High temperature survivability at 3500 deg F was demonstrated in the MSFC Plasma Jet Facility. Normal incidence acoustic absorption coefficient of 25 &#37; was demonstrated in a standing wave test facility. Phase I work confirmed the possibility of production of acoustic coatings for application in ducted flows near the exhaust of a large rocket engine. The screening process for Phase I was unique in its emphasis on the practical development of a deliverable coating, as opposed to untested theoretical work or screening at unrealistic environmental conditions. In addition, work done late in Phase I produced a coating with an absorption coefficient of 47 &#37; which has yet to be screened for high temperature survivability.
Phase two has one objective and one deliverable:  To produce and experimentally validate a fully working high temperature acoustical absorption duct lining material.  Production involves optimizing the material through iterative reformulation, experimental validation involves acoustic and survival testing at conditions (specifically temperatures and sound intensities) relevant to the use environment. Additionally finite element modeling will be used to validate/refine the data collection apparatus as no such facility or testing has been done previously.
The proposed PAVE propulsion system technology demonstration combines an innovative high-speed aero-diesel engine with a novel ducted fan assembly resulting in a low noise/cost and high performance propulsion system. The core engine makes extensive use of a novel self-injection, compression ignition/combustion system capable of high-speed operation on kerosene-based fuels without degradation due to variations in fuel viscosity, lubricity and cetane value. Propulsion system safety is greatly enhanced by inherent single lever control, the employment of high flash point fuel, and the absence of fuel injection system degradation when operating on variable viscosity/lubricity Jet-A fuel having unregulated cetane values. Competing aero-diesel developments are dependant on OEM fuel system manufactures that are not willing to sell their system intended for aviation use due to the low lubricity of Jet fuel and the high product liability of General Aviation industry. The preferred self-injection system does not require any specialized equipment to produce and is comparable in cost to a carburetor. The controlled combustion is characterized by having modest pressure rise and virtually absent combustion noise thus eliminating the classic "diesel knock" and greatly improving the noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH).
As expected, the STTR Phase I investigation confirmed that the Digital Virtual Human (DVH) and Robonaut technologies can be merged, and that haptic and autostereoscopic technologies can be integrated in the robotic control systems, effectively and productively.  This feasibility study verified and validated interactions of Robonaut with the DVH in operator response to and performance with haptic devices and autostereoscopic displays.  

Phase II will focus on developing two significant components from the Phase I effort for marketing and distribution in Phase III.  The Collaborative-Virtual Environment Software Toolkit (C-VEST) will provide software developers a potent development toolkit with which to build and maintain 3D/VR applications and simulations.  As a result of Phase II, the C-VEST product will be able to interface with immersive simulation (motion capture, manipulation, navigational, and advanced display) hardware not easily implemented in current commercial or academic 3D/VR software.  The second product emanating from this Phase II project will be the OpticFlex full-body fiber-optic-based motion-capture system.  This system will comprise a significant part of the Phase II and subsequently Phase III commercialization preparation effort.
The main objective of  this Phase II STTR project is to develop advanced control algorithms that enable multiple autonomous agents to perform complex tasks in rapidly changing environment cooperatively. We plan to use the forest fire monitoring mission to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed technology. The mission concept involves using multiple Low Altitude Short Endurance (LASE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with camera and wireless communication modem to monitor a forest fire. Advantages of using LASE UAVs for this mission include flexible deployment, capability to collect high resolution imagery data, more frequent data update to the ground crew, and significantly lower cost than existing means (e.g. manned helicopter). Since the fire monitoring mission shares many characteristics of future NASA space exploration or Earth observing missions that require autonomous control of multiple satellite or vehicles, the proposed technology is expected to be applicable in those missions as well. Our technical objectives for this project are: (i) Develop autonomous decentralized cooperative control scheme; (ii)  Develop payload driven perimeter tracking algorithms; (iii) Develop autonomous data acquisition and rectification algorithms; (iv) Develop intelligent fleet management algorithm, and (v) Demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system through flight tests on prototype UAV hardware.
The objective of this proposal is to develop a gravity-independent pasteurization and hot air drying process suitable for stabilization of ALS wet cabin waste, drying of crew laundry, water recovery from water-reprocessing brines and drying of food and biomass. This process uses an energy-efficient closed air-loop Heat Pump Desiccant dryer to remove moisture from wet starting material and a Porous Membrane Condensing Heat Exchanger (PMCHX) to trap condensate. Water recovered during drying is of good quality and available for reuse with standard processing. The process is energy efficient since enthalpy released by the condensing vapor is used to reheat the drying air. Volatile organic compounds are contained throughout the drying process and can be scrubbed with existing filter technologies. The key objective for the PMCHX is to extend its range of application from low-load humidity control in plant growth chambers to high-load condenser duty at up to 80&lt;SUP&gt;o&lt;/SUP&gt;C air temperature and at temperatures varying over a 40&lt;SUP&gt;o&lt;/SUP&gt;C range during a single drying run. Since the presence of organics in the condensate, and the predicted condenser temperatures of 5-40&lt;SUP&gt;o&lt;/SUP&gt;C are conditions favorable to biofilm growth, PMCHX membranes will need to be configured to inhibit the formation of biofilms.
ORBITEC will investigate new nanocoating and other engineered surfaces and apply them to passive control of humidity within confined spaces while minimizing power, size and mass requirements. The innovations include: (1) the ability to scale the devices for early Exploration applications including existing environmental control systems, space suits, CEVs, Rovers, Small/Transit/Large Habitats, (2) the use of multiple nanocoatings and capillary channels, and (3) unique Cold Plasma Processes. The primary goals are to further develop capillary channels, hydrophilic and biocidal nanocoatings, and Cold Plasma Nanocoating Process Technology into a new, advanced Condensing Heat Exchanger with no moving parts or particulate coatings. Anticipated results include: (1) requirements and applications for the Exploration Mission, (2) testing of additional substrate materials for plasma deposition of hydrophilic and biocidal nanocoatings applicable to the many controlled environments required for the Exploration Mission, (3) evaluation and testing of new and existing methods for creating capillary channels in various substrate materials, (4) long duration testing and evaluation of nanocoatings on various substrates, (5) design and test of modular, scaleable condensing heat exchangers, and (6) development of a high fidelity Distributed Humidity Control System (DHCS) prototype.
Many future space missions involve formation flying spacecraft performing imaging, inspection, assembly, and servicing missions.  Having multiple spacecraft in close proximity undergoing comparatively rapid maneuvers dramatically changes the nature of safe modes.  No longer can a spacecraft just null its rates, point its arrays towards the Sun and phone home.  Now, the faulty spacecraft must also ensure that it will not collide with others.  Furthermore, it must plan its maneuvers such that if it does experience a fault, the likelihood of collision is minimized.  Fault detection, isolation, and recovery (FDIR) is more complex and requires a vigilant on-board software watchdog that reacts to both intra-vehicle as well as inter-vehicle faults and plans according to the consequences. Payload Systems Inc. (PSI), along with it partners at MIT and Intellization, propose an Autonomy and Identification Testbed (SPHERES-AIT) based on the SPHERES platform.  SPHERES is a multi-satellite docking laboratory to mature metrology, autonomy, and path-planning algorithms for AR&amp;D in the risk-tolerant yet long duration micro-gravity inside the International Space Station (ISS). This work will mature a modular autonomy software architecture that supports  on-orbit self-assembly and spacecraft formation flight using a coordinated terrestrial and ISS laboratory that supports spiral development.
NASA and the aerospace industry are beginning to utilize terahertz (THz) reflection imaging (for example, examining the space shuttle external tank sprayed on foam insulation for voids and disbonds). THz non destructive evaluation (NDE) imaging is widely applicable to composite resin, ceramic, plastic, natural, and other non-metallic materials. Current commercial equipment is capable of 2D raster scanning, collecting  THz waveforms from a very narrow depth range.  THz NDE technology can be more fully exploited if high speed 3D THz imaging is realized.  Phase II work will enable objects many inches thick to be imaged in 3D an order of magnitude faster than current 2D imaging configurations. We will develop and demonstrate the following innovative imaging methodologies for high speed, high sensitivity 3D NDE imaging:  1) Improved 3-dimensional THz Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and  Background-free THz  SAR (rapid imaging);  2)Travel-time 3D  Reflection THz tomography (high resolution 3D structure); and 3) Interferometric THz time-of-flight bulk imaging (greater sensitivity to small voids and disbonds).   We will enhance our Phase I tomographic testbed, construct an improved high resolution co-linear reflection transceiver, modify the transceiver for interferometry, and deliver a software suite of imaging algorithms for the T-Ray 2000 THz NDE  platform.
This proposal describes the continued development of passive, orthogonal frequency coded (OFC) surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors and multi-sensor systems, an enabling technology for remote wireless sensing of temperature, pressure, and a range of other measurands, for application to space explorations' demanding environments.  Phase I demonstrated the technical feasibility of the OFC approach to produce passive solid-state SAW sensors that can be interrogated remotely using RF signals, and that respond with a signal that encodes both the sensor's identity and temperature measurements.  OFC SAW temperature sensors similar to those demonstrated in Phase I are capable of operating over temperature ranges not possible with silicon, from cryogenic to 1,000oC.  The spread-spectrum nature of the system proposed herein, which consists of multiple passive OFC SAW sensors interrogated remotely using chirped RF signals, provides increased processing gain and greater communication security.  The proposed Phase II effort will develop and characterize prototype OFC SAW temperature sensors targeted to selected NASA and commercial applications, and demonstrate pressure sensors.  The transceiver design will be optimized given the SAW operating parameters, conventional and innovative wafer-level packaging approaches (for devices capable of withstanding extreme environments) will be developed, and a complete breadboard wireless multi-sensor system will be demonstrated.
By properly characterizing the thermo-mechanical activity within non-nuclear test articles, nuclear operation can be more accurately controlled and confidence in thermo-mechanical simulations will be high. However, the ability to characterize non-nuclear test core simulators is currently limited by the lack of instrumentation options available for measurements of parameters of interest such as temperature, strain, and pressure. The key to obtaining sufficient data lies in distributing large numbers of sensors throughout the core to monitor these parameters in real-time. 

Unfortunately, this type of measurement is not currently feasible. RTDs and thermocouples provide only single point measurements and, because of logistical problems associated with limited physical accessibility, cannot be used in any significant numbers and therefore serve to limit knowledge of the dynamic and complex thermal system represented by the test core. In the pursuit of early flight fission, more detailed measurements are needed for modeling the behavior of the core during operation. To address this need, Luna Innovations proposes to develop fiber-optic instrumentation sensors capable of high temperature operation based on Luna's unique distributed sensing technology, which uses fiber Bragg gratings as the sensing transducers for temperature, strain, and pressure measurements.
A new thruster has been conceived and tested that is based on a high power helicon (HPH) plasma wave.  In this new method of propulsion, an antenna generates and propagates a helicon wave in a plasma providing a non-thermal, wave-based mechanism for the subsequent acceleration of the plasma ions to high Mach number.  The propellant is ionized and accelerated by the wave fields far from the thruster wall that results in an electrode-less plasma propulsion system.  The device is small, light-weight, and structurally simple.  It can operate with essentially any propellant, with efficiencies comparable to Hall and Ion thrusters.  Phase I results indicate that HPH based thruster will make an efficient propulsion system with an estimated thrust of about 1 N for 50 kWe at an Isp of 2000 s in Argon, with higher Isp in Helium and Hydrogen.  Higher thrust and Isp levels are expected with further optimization of its operational characteristics.   The RF power system is also low mass and highly efficient.  Operation with variable duty cycle allows for power delivery from 5 to 50 kW.
The main goal of this proposal is to develop high speed magnetostrictive and MEMS actuators for rapidly deflecting or deforming mirrors. High speed, light-weight, beam deflectors are required for many NASA applications including rapid laser tuning, airborne lidar transmitters and receivers, image correctors, scanners, target acquisition and countermeasures. Current electro-mechanical, electro and acousto-optical technologies suffer from many problems: low speed, high voltage requirement, limited life, hysteresis, high cost and bulky connections.  Magentostrictive materials have the potential for achieving large displacements (&gt;100?m) at high frequencies (~ 40kHz) with compact and rugged devices. In Phase I we have built several magnetostrictive devices and demonstrated feasibility of compact high speed actuators.  Rod actuators built from composite materials showed effective high frequency operation to 10kHz. Thin magnetostrictive films deposited on silicon wafer cantilever substrates have demonstrated good high frequency operation up to 20kHz. Further optimization of the magnetic field generators and thin films will allow 40kHz operation. Also an innovative high speed laser wavelength tuner technique was developed using a surrogate deflector.  In Phase II we will build prototype high speed mirror systems using magnetostrictive composite rod and thin film cantilever beam actuators.  They will be incorporated into tunable laser and lidar receiver systems and tested.
Technical Abstract
The Stennis Space Center (SSC) needs the sensors that are capable and can be operated in liquid oxygen (LOX) and or liquid hydrogen (LH2) cryogenic environment to improve SSC cryogenic testing.  In particular, SSC would like to develop a sensor to monitor the quality of LOX in the delivery line during the testing of a rocket engine.  Spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) with its relative simplicity and multi-molecule analysis can be easily employed to develop a sensor for on-line, real-time measurement. In Phase I we have designed an initial &amp;#61474;- prototype system for gas mixture and LN2.measurement. This proposed Phase II research is to design an integrated Raman system that will improve the sensor performance to satisfy NASA's need for LOX quality control. A calibration technique for the gas phase sensor will be developed. An optical access interface unit for the LN2/LOX mixture system will be designed. The performance of the integrated Raman system with LN2/LOX mixtures will be evaluated and the final prototype Raman system will be delivered to NASA/SSC.
The overarching challenge of tele-presence is to provide an environment to the human operator that is sufficiently familiar that the interface itself does not become burdensome and distract from the goals of the mission. The ultimate achievement would be to embed the operator into a scene in such a way as to convince him or her that they are actually on site. We propose a technology that can potentially achieve this by addressing and expanding on two specific technology needs outlined under the subtopic of human/robot interfaces: 1) Stereographic display systems that provide a large field of view, and high resolution, and 2) Techniques for capturing 360 degree video at a work site and redisplaying as a mosaiced virtual environment to the crewmembers back at the base camp. The extension to these ideas is a technology to offer Omni-Directional (full 4p steradian) stereographic information at an appropriately high resolution. The first innovation is the technique for acquiring the necessary information. The second is processing it to provide a continuous, unobstructed, Omni-Directional, stereographic field of view. A head mounted display with attitude tracking has been selected as the most appropriate display device to truly embed the users into the scene.
The following proposal summarizes the process by which Trex will utilize out patented CVC (Chemical Vapor Composite) SiC process to fabricate near net shape lightweight SiC mirrors with high as-deposited optical surface quality.  In the first task of this program, Trex will continue our development program to optimize the as-deposited surface quality of our CVC SiC.  We have selected several different mandrel materials and surface preparations for these trials.  The as-deposited surface figure and roughness will be optimized for each of the selected systems.  The current CVC SiC process replicates the standard mandrel surface precisely.  Trex will be looking to retain this capability using higher quality surface mandrels.  In addition, Trex will also work with our STTR partners at the University of Arizona to design, fabricate, and test an as-deposited CVC SiC x-ray mirror for a specific program.  Included within this effort will be the mounting structure design and fabrication.  Using the proposed developments within this program, all post-deposition machining processing will be minimized.  The potential savings in both time and cost offered by this technical development program would directly affect nearly all high performance optical applications.
Clear Science Corp. and Duke University propose to develop and demonstrate
new and efficient computational methods of modeling nonlinear aeroelastic systems.   The methods will extend the scope of multi-disciplinary computational tools like NASA Dryden's STARS by augmenting linear eigenmode stability algorithms and coupled time-marching techniques.  The objective is low-dimensional models that accurately reflect nonlinearity in both structure and fluid and that are efficient enough to permit full exploration of parameter space.  In Phase I, our team has demonstrated the technical merit and feasibility of two types of model order reduction: proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the coupled-system variables and the method of  harmonic balancing (HB). The HB and POD methods represent complementary and synergistic tracks toward meeting the objective of modeling fully nonlinear aeroelastic systems, providing the capability of efficiently analyzing important nonlinear aeroelastic behavior like limit cycle oscillations, hysteresis, higher harmonic and sub-harmonic resonances, jump resonances, entrainment, beating, and period doubling.  The innovation offers the possibility of engineering software for predicting nonlinear aeroelastic behavior that is as accurate and efficient as the current methods of analyzing linear systems and linear behavior like flutter.  In Phase II, we propose to integrate the POD and HB methods into a single package that facilitates engineering trade-studies early in the design process.
We propose to develop a compact, robust, optically-based sensor for
making temperature and multi-species concentration measurements in
aircraft system ground and flight test environments. This system will
utilize a widely tunable near infrared light source to make absorption
measurements of gas constituents in the propulsion system (combustion
reactant and products in the combustion zone, with accuracy from
100-1000 ppm), aircraft cabin air, and fuel tank/on-board gas generator
systems. The light source will be able to continuously tune from 0.4 to
2.3 microns while maintaining a narrow bandwidth of 0.01 cm-1 using a
novel combination of acousto- and electro-optically controlled devices.
The rapid tunability of this light source will obviate the need for
dense multiplexing of multiple wavelengths as signals can be multiplexed
in time while maintaining fast temporal response. Furthermore, the wide
spectral bandwidth allows for the selection of the optimum absorption
transitions, without regard for the commercial availability of narrow
bandwidth diode lasers. The proposed instrumentation will be
environmentally rugged, with the ability to withstand extreme ranges of
temperature, humidity, vibration and shock conditions.  Further, the
system will possess auto-calibration capabilities, fast response time
(few microseconds) and can be battery operated.
The innovation proposed here is a computational framework for high performance, high fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to enable accurate, fast and robust simulation of unsteady turbulent, reacting or non-reacting flows involving real or ideal fluids.  This framework will provide a state-of-the-art unsteady turbulent flow simulation capability by laying the foundation for the incorporation of Hybrid RANS-LES (HRLES) methods which are a blend of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approaches.  This design and analysis tool will be built on a currently existing solver called Loci-STREAM which has been developed by the proposing firm under funding from NASA over the last four years.  The work proposed here will result in a state-of-the-art design and analysis tool to enable the accurate modeling of small valves, turbopumps, combustion devices, etc. which constitute critical components of versatile space propulsion engines with deep throttling capability as part of NASA's Vision for Space Exploration Mission.  Of particular relevance to NASA, this design and analysis tool will provide improved understanding and quantification of the time-varying, reacting flow environments in the thrust chamber assembly of space propulsion engines.
The proposed work seeks to drastically increase the capability of the lossless data compression technology embedded in the currently used flight part known as USES (Universal Source Encoder for Space).  USES met the CCSDS 121-0-B 1 recommendation.  New advances to the lossless data compression electronic technology which advances the current flight electronics device:

?	Increase quantization levels to 32 bits; the current device supports only 15 bits.

?	Support multi-frequency simultaneous inputs, at least three to represent color inputs.

?	Increase speed from 20 MSamples/sec to 200 M Samples/sec

?	Realize in a radiation tolerant 0.25 micron CMOS process
Aerotonomy, Incorporated and the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI),
will develop enabling technologies for an aircraft that is capable of
Extreme Short Takeoff and Landing (ESTOL), while retaining efficient
transonic cruise performance, by applying a comprehensive, systems-based
design and analysis approach to innovative combinations of active flow
control methodologies.  The development of this technology directly
supports the four strategic goals of NASA's Next Generation Air
Transportation System (NGATS), namely 1) increased capacity, 2) improved
safety and reliability, 3) increased efficiency and performance, and 4)
reduced energy consumption and environmental impact. Individual
circulation control technologies have been explored over the years, and
have been demonstrated to provide highly effective force and moment
augmentation and improved control capabilities.  However, previous
investigations generally did not focus on combining these CC systems
into a cohesive and functional aircraft subsystem, nor did they examine
CC impacts on other aircraft subsystems or overall integration issues.
The primary innovation in the proposed project will be an optimal
Combined Circulation Control (C3) system that maximizes net CC
performance benefits over all flight phases, determined through a
comprehensive set of systems-impact trades, including examinations of
impacts on power requirements, propulsion system performance, noise
characteristics, cost, reliability and aircraft weight.
We propose a compact two color, polarization sensitive instrument to measure cloud characteristics from high altitude UAV and can also be widely deployed as inexpensive ground based ceilometers and aerosol finders. The instrument will be modular, can operate with one or two wavelengths, and can measure depolarization or not depending on the need. The instrument is expected to be in two boxes, an optics box and an electronics box, each about half a cubic foot in size. If desired, the two boxes can be attached for a single box solution. Fiber optical technology will be used to minimize critical optical alignments and permit field replacement of the laser and detectors.  Micro-optic fiber components will be used to separate the colors before detection.
Manned spacecraft are vulnerable to air leaks caused by micrometeorite
and space debris impact.  The ability to detect and quickly locate and
mitigate a pressure vessel breach is critical to the safety of any long
duration spacecraft, such as the International Space Station or a
proposed lunar base or mission to Mars.  Current NASA protocol for
finding a spacecraft leak uses a handheld ultrasonic directional
microphone, similar to those widely deployed industrially, to detect the
40 kHz airborne ultrasonic hiss generated by the downstream leak
turbulence.  However, known limitations exist regarding the use of
airborne ultrasonic emissions for locating leaks in the spacecraft
environment because the downstream side of the leak occurs into the
vacuum of space, creating reduced leak noise inside the pressure vessel.
Blockages of the transmission of airborne ultrasonic energy by
structural components, avionics, and equipment racks also limit the
detection range of such systems.  An alternative approach that we
propose is to monitor the spacecraft structure itself---the pressure
vessel skin---for leak-generated surface-borne ultrasound by means of a
flexible and modular electronics package with fully integrated surface
sensor arrays, data acquisition electronics, and radio frequency
communication capabilities.
The team proposes to develop an onboard, real-time health management capability that monitors a flight control system (for spacecraft, fixed or rotary wing aircraft) in a highly dynamic environment and responds to anomalies with suggested recovery or mitigation actions. The goal of the proposed capability is to take system/component level health status information and aggregate this information across all channels and subsystems to the flight control system for anomaly mitigation, failure accommodation, and control re-configuration, based on mission objectives. In Phase I, the research will be focused on a preliminary design of the component-to-system health capability correlation and the anomaly mitigation strategy. In Phase II, the team will conduct a prototype demonstration for a relevant space vehicle as the target application.
Aspen Aerogels Inc. (AAI) and the Man Vehicle Laboratory (MVL) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology propose to develop nanostructured, lightweight, rubbery aerogel composites for multifunctional insulation materials which will significantly improve advanced extravehicular activity (EVA) systems and habitats.  The proposed rubbery aerogel composite materials will exhibit excellent flexibility, toughness and durability, versatility, and hardness, along with the low density and superior thermal insulation properties associated with the nanopored structure of aerogels.  The flexible rubbery behavior of the proposed materials will overcome the weak, brittle, and dusty nature of conventional inorganic and organic aerogels.  The proposed high-performance, lightweight, rubbery aerogel composites will provide superior thermal insulation and inherent radiation protection suitable for NASA advanced extravehicular activity (EVA) suits and exploration habitat protection. Insulating aerogel composites are also applicable to NASA's space hardware and vehicles as well as many other aerospace, military, and commercial insulation applications.
Negative index materials (NIMs) offer tremendous potential for the formation of highly compact as well as large-area deployable thin-film optical components. Omega Optics and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) propose to design and prototype photonic crystal (PC) based NIM optical components for space telescope and beam scanner applications. "Coating" metallic gratings on the surfaces of a polymeric photonic crystal NIM device will enable the strong coupling of surface plasmons with the PC based NIM, which may significantly enhance the capability of NIMs in device applications. With such plasmon-enhanced photonic crystal NIMs, Omega Optics and UIUC are particularly interested in building optical components such as NIM coating for chromatic aberration correction and NIM based field-of-view expander. The proposed optical components promise deployable form, reduced system dimensions, and lightweight single element optical devices with performances comparable to high cost multi-element design. They may also provide excellent noise-filtering capabilities for some space applications. Overall, NIMs offer the potential for paper-thin, deployable, complex lens structures, thus promising a breakthrough in optical devices and structures.
To prove the feasibility of the proposed idea, optical components will be designed and fabricated during Phase I for proof-of-concept demonstrations. A fully-packaged device prototype will be developed during Phase II.
The systems developed at fibertek for Obstacle-Avoidance has so far all been operated at 1560nm.  Such an operation is required due to the required eye-safety constraint.    This wavelength range has so far shown reduced efficiency to a 30&#37; optical-optical efficiency in the last stage of optical amplification in the fiber based transmitter we have developed.  For space applications, we believe a highly efficient transmitter will be required with associated optical receiver technology.  We propose here to develop a highly efficient, very versatile transmitter based on Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers.  Associated with this transmitter we will demonstrate a coherent detection system allowing for both range and velocity measurements during space vehicle landing. The technology required for the transmitter/receiver and scanning is at TRL 5.  A successful Phase II STTR should allow for field testing bringing this TRL to 6.
The goal of this STTR program is to employ nanostructured materials in advanced device designs to enhance the tolerance of solar cells to extreme conditions while achieving high solar electric power conversion.  By using InN-based quantum dots embedded within a higher band gap GaN barrier material, a larger fraction of the solar spectrum can be harnessed while minimizing the effects of high temperatures and high-energy radiation with this promising photovoltaic device.  The wide range of energies accessible to InN-based materials provides a unique flexibility in designing quantum dot solar cell structures.  The Phase I effort will focus on identifying, both theoretically and experimentally, the most promising device designs.  Ultimately our approach provides a pathway for realizing solar cells with over 2,000 W/kg of specific power and power conversion efficiency approaching 60&#37;.
Coastal environments vital to our nation are strongly impacted by natural and human factors and are also sensitive to global climate change.  A need exists for innovative new field measurement technologies to support NASA's remote sensing efforts in coastal regions.  Two specific subjects of interest include the air quality in coastal regions and algal blooms.  We proposed to develop for commercialization a Quantum Fingerprint&lt;SUP&gt;TM&lt;/SUP&gt; sensor based on a sapphire substrate that can be used for both even though they are not closely related.  For air quality measurement in the coastal environment we will use the flexible QF&lt;SUP&gt;TM&lt;/SUP&gt; technology to simultaneously detect, discriminate, and quantify levels of SOx and NOx.  This flexibility, which arises from the unique set of energy levels created by the interaction of each species with the sensor, will also allow the same sensor to detect and monitor algal blooms by keying on their characteristic gaseous emissions.  Thus, arrays of QF&lt;SUP&gt;TM&lt;/SUP&gt; sensors, both on and off shore, could simultaneously monitor coastal air quality and track algal blooms.  Our goal is to assess how well two relatively different applications might be served by a single type of QF&lt;SUP&gt;TM&lt;/SUP&gt; sensor when they occur in the same geographic area.
There is a clear and well-identified need for rapid, efficient,
non-destructive detection and isolation of radiation damaged cells.
Available commercial technologies are expensive, require core facilities
and use destructive methods. We propose to develop and demonstrate a
novel fully automated, microfluidics-based device for identification and
sorting of radiation damaged cells.  The final product will be simple,
small, inexpensive and fieldable in research environments as well as
space. We will identify novel cell surface markers indicating radiation
damage using a microarray (gene expression) experiments and verify
downselected markers (protein upregulation) using fluorescent antibody
tagged microparticles. CFDRC's proprietary dielectrophoretic cell sorter
technology will be adapted for automated separation of the tagged
damaged cells from overall population of cells. Proof-of-concept will be
demonstrated by separation of damaged cells from an irradiated cell
sample. Phase II efforts will focus along two primary lines. Surface
biomarkers discovery will be further extended and validated. An
integrated microfluidic cartridge and instrumentation capable of all
operations (storage, mixing, sorting) will be developed.  The prototype
instrument will be demonstrated with both terrestrial and space
radiation (in collaboration with NASA researchers/facilities). A
multi-disciplinary team consisting of experts in microfluidics engineers
(CFDRC) and radiation biologists (Temple University) has been assembled.
At present, both the astronaut's metabolic heat and that produced by the Portable Life Support System are rejected to space by a sublimator that consumes up to 8 pounds of water per use; the single largest expendable during an eight-hour EVA.  Unfortunately, this will not be acceptable for lunar and interplanetary missions where resupply is difficult.  We can greatly reduce the water consumption by radiating most of the heat load to space.  However, a radiator rejects heat at a relatively constant rate, whereas the heat generation rate depends on the workload.  Without a way to match the heat removal rate, the astronaut could alternately suffer both heat exhaustion and frostbite.  Therefore, TDA Research, Inc. proposes to regulate the heat rejection rate with a freezable heat exchanger.  In Phase I we will conduct tests to show that the heat transfer rate can be self-regulated from high to low heat loads and vice-versa.  Our research institute partner, Portland State University, will design zero-g loop heat pipes to transfer heat from the heat exchanger to the radiator.  In Phase II we will design and build a full-scale freezable heat exchanger and lightweight radiator and evaluate its performance in an environmental vacuum chamber.
This proposal effort is concerned with the development of a novel
multidisciplinary optimization scheme and computer software for the
effective design of advanced aerospace vehicles. Such vehicles are
characterized by unprecedented levels of
aero-structural-controls-propulsion interactions, a multidisciplinary
simulation is essential for their effective design, vehicle can be
accomplished by employing the common finite element method for the
structures and also FE/FV fluids and propulsion simulations. A typical
multidisciplinary optimization scheme will involve structural design for
minimum weight with aerodynamic data such as drag and wing platform as
design variable, subject to constraints like flutter and structural
strength. Much emphasis is placed on the choice and calculation of
suitable gradient of objective function as well as the contraints to
guarantee global optimal solution. A number of novel numerical scheme
will also be developed for efficient, cost effective solution of large
complex 3-D practical problems such as current and future flight
vehicles. In Phase I, the basic numerical schemes for the optimum design
will be established along with a pilot code to verify these techniques.
Based on our finding in Phase I, a complete software will be developed
and checked out for the simulation of complex practical problems in
Phase II.
The goal of this proposal is to explore a novel proprietary biopharmaceutical agent, named deltaFL-AA', a first in the series of innovative radioprotectors to act as an agent providing protection of the organism against major space radiation risks. These risks include organism death resulting from acute irradiation as well as radiation-induced carcinogenesis caused by low-dose exposure. An unprecedented radioprotective potency of deltaFL-AA' demonstrated by its ability to cure 100&#37; of mice from supralethal (14 Gy) doses of gamma-irradiation and its strong immunostimulatory properties (especially the ability to trigger natural killer response, which is well established as one of the antitumor firewalls) make this drug an extremely attractive candidate for testing in a NASA-funded program.
The energy generation and storage for modern-day sensor networks, communications, and electronics presents a variety of unique challenges.  To achieve the long-duration missions away from Earth as outlined in the Vision for Human Exploration in Space, these energy storage systems will need to undergo a dramatic increase in their specific energy densities.  Recently, Mainstream has made startling advances in the area of high energy-density batteries using carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes.  However, theory suggests that silicon actually possesses an intercalation capacity that is an order of magnitude above that of carbon.  If this is able to be translated into added capacity, it would truly revolutionize Li-ion electrochemistry and energy-storage technologies in general.  The Universities Space Research Association has recently developed a process of growing silicon nanorods and has agreed to team with Mainstream for this Phase I STTR effort.  This Phase I focuses on developing and testing electrodes comprised of both silicon and carbon nanostructures in Li-ion batteries.  Because the basic battery chemistry will not be affected, safety will not be compromised.
This STTR Phase I project describes the development of a high-performance, robust, portable, and compact laser ultrasonic system for multi-purpose Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE). Laser ultrasonic has now become a valuable tool for on-line inspection, demonstrating its advantages in the steel and aerospace industries. Non-destructive laser ultrasonic inspection equipments use large size laser components.  They are not designed for light-weight, portable and power sensitive applications. Currently, NDE of space transportation vehicles is primarily carried out on the ground, between missions but for future space missions, more inspection will need to be performed in space in order to monitor the aging process of the structure and to insure its integrity.  For inspection during space flight, the NDE equipment must be compact, lightweight, easily operated by human with limited mobility or robot, and exhibits low power consumption. To satisfy these requirements we proposed to develop a laser ultrasonic inspection system integrating an amplitude-modulated continuous wave laser source for high efficiency generation and a multi-channel random-quadrature interferometer for robust and highly sensitive detection. The proposed system takes advantage of fiber technology for both the generation and the detection in order to achieve a compact, portable and versatile inspection system.
Innovators working to revolutionize air travel through personal aviation pioneers need innovative aircraft design tools.  Vehicle Sketch Pad (VSP) is an aircraft geometry tool for rapid evaluation of advanced design concepts.  VSP will be extended to include support for the modeling of aircraft structural layout and a modular system for integrating engineering analyses.  These modifications will allow VSP to unify geometry, aerodynamics, and structures in the early design of advanced concepts.  VSP will be released as open-source; a community for its development will be initiated and fostered.  Open distribution will ensure that VSP is available to all, thereby supporting personal aviation innovators, universities, NASA, and the whole aerospace industry.  This will enable a new level of fidelity and accuracy in personal aircraft design needed to meet the aggressive goals required for the success of personal air vehicles.  An improved and open VSP will catalyze personal aviation by supporting breakthroughs in noise and cost reduction and ease of operations.